scholarly journals Verification of IRRILAB Software Application for the Hydraulic Design of a Micro-Irrigation System by Using IRRIPRO for an Apple Farm in Sicily

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 694
Author(s):  
Giorgio Baiamonte ◽  
Pietro Di Dio ◽  
Mustafa Elfahl
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Software Applications ◽  
First Choice ◽  
One Step ◽  
Micro Irrigation ◽  
Save Energy

In recent years, many studies have been performed to develop simple and accurate methods to design micro-irrigation systems. However, most of these studies are based on numerical solutions that require a high number of iterations and attempts, without ensuring to maximize water use efficiency and energy-saving. Recently, the IRRILAB software, which is based on an analytical approach to optimally design rectangular micro-irrigation units, has been developed, providing the solution corresponding to the maximum energy-saving condition, for any slope of the laterals and of the manifold. One IRRILAB limitation is that, according to its theoretical basis, the rectangular planform geometry and uniform slope of the laterals and of the manifold are required. On the contrary, IRRIPRO software, which is based on the traditional numerical solution, does not have the aforementioned limitations, but requires an important number of attempts, especially when common emitters are used. In this study, the results of a joint use of IRRILAB and IRRIPRO software applications are illustrated, towards the aim to verify the IRRILAB performance in a large number of micro-irrigation sectors belonging to a Sicilian apple farm, which is characterized by a high irregular topography, thus it is suitable for the purpose of this study. First, only five irrigation sectors, for the actual subdivisions of the farm, were considered, showing limited reasonable IRRILAB results. Dividing the farm into a higher number of sectors so as to provide a better uniformity in planform geometry and slope revealed that IRRILAB results improved in terms of emission uniformity and energy consumption, as verified by IRRIPRO applications. The energy-saving provided by IRRILAB (in one step) with respect to that by IRRIPRO (by attempts) resulted higher for common emitters (CEs) (−15% for five sectors and −9% for nine sectors) than for pressure compensating emitters (PCEs) (−7% for five sectors and −6% for nine sectors). In absolute terms, the energy is greater for five-sector subdivision than for nine-sector subdivision. For both software, the use of PCEs always required less energy than CEs, because of the higher range of pressure compensating of PCEs than CEs. However, PCEs are characterized by less durability and by a higher manufacturing variation coefficient, thus they should not be the first choice. In conclusion, IRRILAB software could be recommended because it is easy to use, making it possible to save energy, especially when sectors are almost rectangular and uniform in slopes.

scholarly journals Fluid-Flow Approximation in the Analysis of Vast Energy-Aware Networks

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 3279
Author(s):  
Monika Nycz ◽  
Tomasz Nycz ◽  
Tadeusz Czachórski
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Network Topologies ◽  
Flow Approximation ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vast Network

The paper addresses two issues: (i) modeling dynamic flows transmitted in vast TCP/IP networks and (ii) modeling the impact of energy-saving algorithms. The approach is based on the fluid-flow approximation, which applies first-order differential equations to analyze the evolution of queues and flows. We demonstrate that the effective implementation of this method overcomes the constraints of storing large data in numerical solutions of transient problems in vast network topologies. The model is implemented and executed directly in a database system. It can analyze transient states in topologies of more than 100,000 nodes, i.e., the size which was not considered until now. We use it to investigate the impact of an energy-saving algorithm on the performance of a vast network. We find that it reduces network congestion and save energy costs but significantly lower network throughput.

Energy-saving design of variable-displacement bi-directional pump-controlled electrohydraulic system

2020 ◽  
pp. 095965182097389
Author(s):  
Samir Kumar Hati ◽  
Nimai Pada Mandal ◽  
Dipankar Sanyal
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Radial Clearance ◽  
Simulation Based Design ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Displacement Pump ◽  
Variable Displacement ◽  
Axial Piston

Losses in control valves drag down the average overall efficiency of electrohydraulic systems to only about 22% from nearly 75% for standard pump-motor sets. For achieving higher energy efficiency in slower systems, direct pump control replacing fast-response valve control is being put in place through variable-speed motors. Despite the promise of a quicker response, displacement control of pumps has seen slower progress for exhibiting undesired oscillation with respect to the demand in some situations. Hence, a mechatronic simulation-based design is taken up here for a variable-displacement pump–controlled system directly feeding a double-acting single-rod cylinder. The most significant innovation centers on designing an axial-piston pump with an electrohydraulic compensator for bi-directional swashing. An accumulator is conceived to handle the flow difference in the two sides across the load piston. A solenoid-driven sequence valve with P control is proposed for charging the accumulator along with setting its initial gas pressure by a feedforward design. Simple proportional–integral–derivative control of the compensator valve is considered in this exploratory study. Appropriate setting of the gains and critical sizing of the compensator has been obtained through a detailed parametric study aiming low integral absolute error. A notable finding of the simulation is the achievement of the concurrent minimum integral absolute error of 3.8 mm s and the maximum energy saving of 516 kJ with respect to a fixed-displacement pump. This is predicted for the combination of the circumferential port width of 2 mm for the compensator valve and the radial clearance of 40 µm between each compensator cylinder and the paired piston.

Comfort and Energy-Saving Intelligent Shutter

2011 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 565-568
Author(s):  
Su Chen ◽  
Dong Xing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
Sleep Mode ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Solar Battery ◽  
Remote Controller ◽  
Save Energy

Most currently used shutters are manually operated. The design of an intelligent shutter has been proposed. The intelligent shutter can be powered by a solar battery. Photosensitive resistors have been used to determine if it is in daytime or nighttime, if it is sunny or not, and if the light is turned on or turned off. Digital temperature sensors have been used to detect the indoor temperature and the outside temperature. They are also used to determine the current season. The intelligent shutter is automatically controlled according to the above information. It is turned off at night and is set in sleep mode to save energy. It is turned on partially on sunny day in summer. In rainy day, the shutter is turned off while the indoor light is on. The intelligent shutter can also be controlled using a wireless remote controller, which makes it very friendly. It is comfort and energy-saving using the intelligent shutter. Experiments have demonstrated the applicability of the design.

Abstract TP137: Robotic Upper Limb Therapy by a Trained Volunteer on an Inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation Unit

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Spinelli ◽  
Christine Trudell ◽  
Lisa Edelstein ◽  
Mike Reding
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Functional Independence Measure ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Rehabilitation Unit ◽  
Software Applications ◽  
Upper Limb Function ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
One Step ◽  
Safety Considerations

Introduction: Having a therapist observe patients engaged in Robotic Upper Limb Therapy (RULT) is considered inefficient use of a therapist’s time and skill. We therefore assessed the feasibility of (RULT) administered by a trained volunteer. Methods: The Volunteer had two 30-minute training sessions by an Occupational Therapist (OT) rehearsing the MIT-Manus Planar Upper Limb Robotic software applications, proper positioning of the patient, and device shut-off and safety considerations. Initial patient sessions were supervised by the patient’s OT until the Volunteer demonstrated satisfactory performance. Inpatients on a Stroke Rehabilitation Unit were referred by their OT for RULT if they could initiate horizontal gravity-eliminated movement of the forearm and could follow one step commands. They were enrolled in 25 minute (RULT) sessions based upon the Volunteer’s availability from one to three half-days per week. Functional Independence Measures and Fugl-Meyer Scores were recorded at the time of Stroke Unit Admission by the OT unaware of (RULT) score results. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 11.5 and significance was attributed if p<0.05 using 2-tailed analyses. Results: A total of 28 patients were enrolled in (RULT) but 2 were unable to participate due to pain in the affected upper limb. Participants had a mean of 3 ± 1.5 SD treatments each. Both the patients and volunteer considered their involvement in the program as worthwhile and meaningful. Admission MIT-Manus Adaptive-3 treatment software data showed that the Normalized Jerk+Line+Target (Norm JLT) Score [defined as (Jerk Score/237)+(Deviation from a Straight Line/13)+(Target Distance Error/14)] demonstrated a significant Spearman-rho Correlation with admission Functional Independence Measure (FIM) upper dressing r = -0.56 p=.003; and FIM grooming subscores r = -0.415, p=.035. The Norm JLT score also predicted change in Fugl-Meyer Upper Limb scores from admission to discharge r = - .788, p = 0.000. Conclusions: Robotic Upper Limb Therapy by a trained Volunteer on an inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation Unit is easily administered, is viewed by the patients and volunteer as rewarding, and provides objective measures useful for assessing upper limb function and outcome.

PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT OF ENERGY SAVING PROJECTS BASED ON THE MARKOVITS THEORY

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-91
Author(s):  
S. Kiyko ◽  
L. Deineha ◽  
M. Basanets ◽  
D. Kamienskyi ◽  
A. Didenko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Portfolio Optimization ◽  
Portfolio Management ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Linear Constraints ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Investment Portfolio ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Software Application

The goal of the work was to identify research and compare methods of portfolio management of energy saving projects and to develop software for optimizing portfolio investments using several methods. The key elements and strategies of creating an effective investment portfolio are considered: diversification, rebalancing, active portfolio management, passive portfolio management. Given the basic principles of investment theory, the task of portfolio investment is to form an investment portfolio with known shares of certain assets to maximize returns and minimize risk. To solve this problem, the method of Harry Markowitz, known as modern portfolio theory, was chosen. This is the theory of financial investment, in which statistical methods are used to make the most profitable risk distribution of the securities portfolio and income valuation, its components are asset valuation, investment decisions, portfolio optimization, evaluation of results. From a mathematical point of view, the problem of forming an optimal portfolio is the problem of optimizing a quadratic function (finding the minimum) with linear constraints on the arguments of the function. Methods of optimization of portfolios of energy saving projects taking into account the specifics of the subject area are analyzed. According to the results of the analysis, the methods of finding the maximum Sharpe’s ratio and the minimum volatility from randomly generated portfolios were chosen. A software application has been developed that allows you to download data, generate random portfolios and optimize them with selected methods. A graphical display of portfolio optimization results has also been implemented. The program was tested on data on shares of energy saving companies. The graphs built by the program allow the operator to better assess the created portfolio of the energy saving project.

RESOURCE SAVING WHEN IMPLEMENTING MEASURES TO OPTIMIZE LIGHTING IN POULTRY FACTORIES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ирина Владимировна Агафонова
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
Save Energy

Статья посвящена значению энергосбережения в системах освещения на птицефабриках. В статье предлагается при оснащении птицеводческих хозяйств осветительными приборами использовать преимущественно энергосберегающие лампы. Также внимание следует уделить режимам освещения, спектру света, оптимизация которых также поможет сэкономить энергетические ресурсы. The article is devoted to the importance of energy saving in lighting systems in poultry farms. The article proposes to use mainly energy-saving lamps when equipping poultry farms with lighting devices. Also, attention should be paid to lighting modes, the spectrum of light, the optimization of which will also help save energy resources.

Optimizing the pad thickness of evaporative air-cooled chiller for maximum energy saving

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 146-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Hao ◽  
Cangzhou Zhu ◽  
Yaolin Lin ◽  
Haiqiao Wang ◽  
Guoqiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Maximum Energy

scholarly journals Multimodal Affective Computing to Enhance the User Experience of Educational Software Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Maria Garcia-Garcia ◽  
Víctor M. R. Penichet ◽  
María Dolores Lozano ◽  
Juan Enrique Garrido ◽  
Effie Lai-Chong Law
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
Affective Computing ◽  
Educational Software ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Emotion Detection ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Software Applications ◽  
Learning Progress ◽  
The One

Affective computing is becoming more and more important as it enables to extend the possibilities of computing technologies by incorporating emotions. In fact, the detection of users’ emotions has become one of the most important aspects regarding Affective Computing. In this paper, we present an educational software application that incorporates affective computing by detecting the users’ emotional states to adapt its behaviour to the emotions sensed. This way, we aim at increasing users’ engagement to keep them motivated for longer periods of time, thus improving their learning progress. To prove this, the application has been assessed with real users. The performance of a set of users using the proposed system has been compared with a control group that used the same system without implementing emotion detection. The outcomes of this evaluation have shown that our proposed system, incorporating affective computing, produced better results than the one used by the control group.

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