scholarly journals Fluid-Flow Approximation in the Analysis of Vast Energy-Aware Networks

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 3279
Author(s):  
Monika Nycz ◽  
Tomasz Nycz ◽  
Tadeusz Czachórski
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Network Topologies ◽  
Flow Approximation ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vast Network

The paper addresses two issues: (i) modeling dynamic flows transmitted in vast TCP/IP networks and (ii) modeling the impact of energy-saving algorithms. The approach is based on the fluid-flow approximation, which applies first-order differential equations to analyze the evolution of queues and flows. We demonstrate that the effective implementation of this method overcomes the constraints of storing large data in numerical solutions of transient problems in vast network topologies. The model is implemented and executed directly in a database system. It can analyze transient states in topologies of more than 100,000 nodes, i.e., the size which was not considered until now. We use it to investigate the impact of an energy-saving algorithm on the performance of a vast network. We find that it reduces network congestion and save energy costs but significantly lower network throughput.

scholarly journals Verification of IRRILAB Software Application for the Hydraulic Design of a Micro-Irrigation System by Using IRRIPRO for an Apple Farm in Sicily

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 694
Author(s):  
Giorgio Baiamonte ◽  
Pietro Di Dio ◽  
Mustafa Elfahl
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Software Applications ◽  
First Choice ◽  
One Step ◽  
Micro Irrigation ◽  
Save Energy

In recent years, many studies have been performed to develop simple and accurate methods to design micro-irrigation systems. However, most of these studies are based on numerical solutions that require a high number of iterations and attempts, without ensuring to maximize water use efficiency and energy-saving. Recently, the IRRILAB software, which is based on an analytical approach to optimally design rectangular micro-irrigation units, has been developed, providing the solution corresponding to the maximum energy-saving condition, for any slope of the laterals and of the manifold. One IRRILAB limitation is that, according to its theoretical basis, the rectangular planform geometry and uniform slope of the laterals and of the manifold are required. On the contrary, IRRIPRO software, which is based on the traditional numerical solution, does not have the aforementioned limitations, but requires an important number of attempts, especially when common emitters are used. In this study, the results of a joint use of IRRILAB and IRRIPRO software applications are illustrated, towards the aim to verify the IRRILAB performance in a large number of micro-irrigation sectors belonging to a Sicilian apple farm, which is characterized by a high irregular topography, thus it is suitable for the purpose of this study. First, only five irrigation sectors, for the actual subdivisions of the farm, were considered, showing limited reasonable IRRILAB results. Dividing the farm into a higher number of sectors so as to provide a better uniformity in planform geometry and slope revealed that IRRILAB results improved in terms of emission uniformity and energy consumption, as verified by IRRIPRO applications. The energy-saving provided by IRRILAB (in one step) with respect to that by IRRIPRO (by attempts) resulted higher for common emitters (CEs) (−15% for five sectors and −9% for nine sectors) than for pressure compensating emitters (PCEs) (−7% for five sectors and −6% for nine sectors). In absolute terms, the energy is greater for five-sector subdivision than for nine-sector subdivision. For both software, the use of PCEs always required less energy than CEs, because of the higher range of pressure compensating of PCEs than CEs. However, PCEs are characterized by less durability and by a higher manufacturing variation coefficient, thus they should not be the first choice. In conclusion, IRRILAB software could be recommended because it is easy to use, making it possible to save energy, especially when sectors are almost rectangular and uniform in slopes.

scholarly journals An Improved Energy-Aware Clustering Method for The Regional Queries in The Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arezoo Khatibi ◽  
Omid Khatibi
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Base Station ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Heterogeneous Cluster ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
Index Tree ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Abstract We will offer a method to improve energy efficient consumption for processing queries on the Internet of Things. We focused on an energy efficient hierarchical clustering index tree such that we can facilitate time-correlated region queries in the I.o.T (Internet of Things). We try to improve clustering and make a change on its proposed index tree. We try to do this by optimizing the query processing. We improve clustering to increase the accuracy of the Internet of Things and prevent the network from disconnecting. In the article that we have chosen, there is a heterogeneous cluster which means there exists a large data difference in the two ends of a cluster. Also, it often happens that the same information is sent to the base station by two overlapping clusters; therefore, we save energy by eliminating duplicated data.

scholarly journals A Two-Tier Energy-Aware Resource Management for Virtualized Cloud Computing System

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Huang ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Mianxiong Dong ◽  
Zhuzhong Qian
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Virtual Machines ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Computing System ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Energy Prediction ◽  
Cloud Computing System ◽  
Save Energy

The economic costs caused by electric power take the most significant part in total cost of data center; thus energy conservation is an important issue in cloud computing system. One well-known technique to reduce the energy consumption is the consolidation of Virtual Machines (VMs). However, it may lose some performance points on energy saving and the Quality of Service (QoS) for dynamic workloads. Fortunately, Dynamic Frequency and Voltage Scaling (DVFS) is an efficient technique to save energy in dynamic environment. In this paper, combined with the DVFS technology, we propose a cooperative two-tier energy-aware management method including local DVFS control and global VM deployment. The DVFS controller adjusts the frequencies of homogenous processors in each server at run-time based on the practical energy prediction. On the other hand, Global Scheduler assigns VMs onto the designate servers based on the cooperation with the local DVFS controller. The final evaluation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our two-tier method in energy saving.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of Energy-Aware Routing on Software-Defined Networking Performance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Fernández-Fernández ◽  
Cristina Cervelló-Pastor ◽  
Leonardo Ochoa-Aday
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Traffic Engineering ◽  
Heuristic Algorithms ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Data Networks ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Energy Aware Routing ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Traffic ◽  
The Impact

Increasing power consumption and CO2 emissions generated by large data networks have become a major concern over the last decade. For this problem, the emerging paradigm of Software-Defined Networks (SDN) can be seen as an attractive solution. In these networks an energy-aware routing model could be easily implemented leveraging the control and data plane separation. This paper investigates the impact of energy-aware routing on SDN performance. To that end, we propose a novel energy- aware mechanism that reduces the number of active links in SDN with multiple controllers, considering in-band control traffic, i.e. links are shared between data and control plane traffic. The proposed strategy exploits knowledge of the network topology combined with traffic engineering techniques to reduce the overall power consumption. Therefore, two heuristic algorithms are designed: a static network configuration and a dynamic energy-aware routing. Significant values of switched-off links are reached in the simulations using real topologies and demands data. Moreover, obtained results confirm that crucial network parameters such as control traffic delay, data path latency, link utilization and TCAM occupation are affected by the performance-agnostic energy-aware model.

Instability and Collapse in Discrete Wave Equations

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-241
Author(s):  
A. Carpio ◽  
G. Duro
Keyword(s):  
Continuum Limit ◽  
Wave Equations ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Blow Up ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Initial States ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Continuum

AbstractUnstable growth phenomena in spatially discrete wave equations are studied. We characterize sets of initial states leading to instability and collapse and obtain analytical predictions for the blow-up time. The theoretical predictions are con- trasted with the numerical solutions computed by a variety of schemes. The behavior of the systems in the continuum limit and the impact of discreteness and friction are discussed.

scholarly journals Networking for Cloud Robotics: The DewROS Platform and Its Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Alessio Botta ◽  
Jonathan Cacace ◽  
Riccardo De Vivo ◽  
Bruno Siciliano ◽  
Giorgio Ventre
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Cloud Provider ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Network Connection ◽  
Cloud Robotics ◽  
Networking Technologies ◽  
The Impact

With the advances in networking technologies, robots can use the almost unlimited resources of large data centers, overcoming the severe limitations imposed by onboard resources: this is the vision of Cloud Robotics. In this context, we present DewROS, a framework based on the Robot Operating System (ROS) which embodies the three-layer, Dew-Robotics architecture, where computation and storage can be distributed among the robot, the network devices close to it, and the Cloud. After presenting the design and implementation of DewROS, we show its application in a real use-case called SHERPA, which foresees a mixed ground and aerial robotic platform for search and rescue in an alpine environment. We used DewROS to analyze the video acquired by the drones in the Cloud and quickly spot signs of human beings in danger. We perform a wide experimental evaluation using different network technologies and Cloud services from Google and Amazon. We evaluated the impact of several variables on the performance of the system. Our results show that, for example, the video length has a minimal impact on the response time with respect to the video size. In addition, we show that the response time depends on the Round Trip Time (RTT) of the network connection when the video is already loaded into the Cloud provider side. Finally, we present a model of the annotation time that considers the RTT of the connection used to reach the Cloud, discussing results and insights into how to improve current Cloud Robotics applications.

Modeling and Experiments of Laser Cladding With Droplet Injection

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (9) ◽  
pp. 978-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Choi ◽  
L. Han ◽  
Y. Hua
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Laser Cladding ◽  
Dynamic Motion ◽  
Cladding Layer ◽  
Melt Pool ◽  
Material Deposition ◽  
Modeling And Experiments ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
The Impact

Laser aided Directed Material Deposition (DMD) is an additive manufacturing process based on laser cladding. A full understanding of laser cladding is essential in order to achieve a steady state and robust DMD process. A two dimensional mathematical model of laser cladding with droplet injection was developed to understand the influence of fluid flow on the mixing, dilution depth, and deposition dimension, while incorporating melting, solidification, and evaporation phenomena. The fluid flow in the melt pool that is driven by thermal capillary convection and an energy balance at the liquid–vapor and the solid–liquid interface was investigated and the impact of the droplets on the melt pool shape and ripple was also studied. Dynamic motion, development of melt pool and the formation of cladding layer were simulated. The simulated results for average surface roughness were compared with the experimental data and showed a comparable trend.

scholarly journals Employee Behaviors toward Using and Saving Energy at Work. The Impact of Personality Traits

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3404
Author(s):  
Dawid Szostek
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behaviors ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Citizenship Behaviors ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article is to determine how personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness to experience) affect organizational citizenship behaviors for the environment (OCBE), especially in the context of energy saving. The purpose is also to verify the hypothesis that this impact is significantly moderated by individuals’ demographic characteristic (sex, age, length of service, work type and economic sector of employment). To achieve the purposes, a survey was conducted in 2020 on 454 working people from Poland. The analysis was based on structural equation modeling (SEM). The research model assumed that particular types of personality affect direct and indirect OCBEs, including energy-saving patterns. The model also included the aforementioned demographic characteristics of respondents. I proved that personality traits have a significant impact on direct and indirect organizational citizenship behaviors for the environment. In the case of direct OCBEs, the energy-saving items that were most significantly affected by employee personality were: I am a person who turns off my lights when leaving my office for any reason; I am a person who turns off the lights in a vacant room; I am a person who makes sure all of the lights are turned off if I am the last to leave. The strongest predicators were Neuroticism (negative relationship) and Agreeableness (positive relationship) for direct OCBE, but Extraversion (positive relationship) and Agreeableness (negative relationship) for indirect OCBE. The impact of an individual’s personality on OCBE was significantly moderated mainly for indirect behaviors. This applied to all the analyzed demographic variables, but it was stronger for women, employees aged up to 40 years, those with 10 years or more experience, office/clerical workers, and public sector employees. The article discusses the theoretical framework, research limitations, future research directions and practical implications.

scholarly journals The impact of natural fractures on heat extraction from tight Triassic sandstones in the West Netherlands Basin: a case study combining well, seismic and numerical data

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quinten D. Boersma ◽  
Pierre Olivier Bruna ◽  
Stephan de Hoop ◽  
Francesco Vinci ◽  
Ali Moradi Tehrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Heat Extraction ◽  
Natural Fractures ◽  
Negative Power ◽  
Petrophysical Analysis ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Geostatistical Inversion ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The positive impact that natural fractures can have on geothermal heat production from low-permeability reservoirs has become increasingly recognised and proven by subsurface case studies. In this study, we assess the potential impact of natural fractures on heat extraction from the tight Lower Buntsandstein Subgroup targeted by the recently drilled NLW-GT-01 well (West Netherlands Basin (WNB)). We integrate: (1) reservoir property characterisation using petrophysical analysis and geostatistical inversion, (2) image-log and core interpretation, (3) large-scale seismic fault extraction and characterisation, (4) Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) modelling and permeability upscaling, and (5) fluid-flow and temperature modelling. First, the results of the petrophysical analysis and geostatistical inversion indicate that the Volpriehausen has almost no intrinsic porosity or permeability in the rock volume surrounding the NLW-GT-01 well. The Detfurth and Hardegsen sandstones show better reservoir properties. Second, the image-log interpretation shows predominately NW–SE-orientated fractures, which are hydraulically conductive and show log-normal and negative-power-law behaviour for their length and aperture, respectively. Third, the faults extracted from the seismic data have four different orientations: NW–SE, N–S, NE–SW and E–W, with faults in proximity to the NLW-GT-01 having a similar strike to the observed fractures. Fourth, inspection of the reservoir-scale 2D DFNs, upscaled permeability models and fluid-flow/temperature simulations indicates that these potentially open natural fractures significantly enhance the effective permeability and heat production of the normally tight reservoir volume. However, our modelling results also show that when the natural fractures are closed, production values are negligible. Furthermore, because active well tests were not performed prior to the abandonment of the Triassic formations targeted by the NLW-GT-01, no conclusive data exist on whether the observed natural fractures are connected and hydraulically conductive under subsurface conditions. Therefore, based on the presented findings and remaining uncertainties, we propose that measures which can test the potential of fracture-enhanced permeability under subsurface conditions should become standard procedure in projects targeting deep and potentially fractured geothermal reservoirs.

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