Effects of the Antidepressants Citalopram and Venlafaxine on the Big Ramshorn Snail (Planorbarius corneus)

Depression is a serious health issue and, being such, treatment for it has become a topic of increasing concern. Consequently, the prescription rates of antidepressants have increased by about 50% over the past decade. Among antidepressants, citalopram and venlafaxine are the most frequently prescribed in Germany. Due to the high consumption and low elimination rates of both antidepressants during wastewater purification, they are frequently found in surface waters, where they may pose a risk to the aquatic environment. For the present study, we conducted experiments with the big ramshorn snail, which we exposed to environmentally relevant and explicitly higher concentrations (1–1000 µg/L) of the antidepressants citalopram and venlafaxine. We investigated apical endpoints, such as weight, mortality, behavioural changes, B-esterase activity, Hsp70 stress protein level and superoxide dismutase activity, as well as the tissue integrity of the hepatopancreas in the exposed snails. Citalopram and venlafaxine had no effects on the B-esterase activity, Hsp70 level and superoxide dismutase activity. Citalopram exposure resulted in weight reduction and tissue reactions in the hepatopancreas of snails exposed to 1000 µg/L. In contrast, venlafaxine did not induce comparable effects, but impacted the behaviour (sole detachment) of snails exposed to 100 µg/L and 1000 µg/L of the antidepressant. These results revealed that venlafaxine can affect snails at concentrations 10 times lower than citalopram. For this, in 2020 venlafaxine was introduced in the “Surface Water Watch List”, a list of potential pollutants that should be carefully monitored in surface water by the EU Member States.

Download Full-text

Biochemical and Cellular Biomarkers in Brown Trout (Salmo trutta f. fario) in Response to the Antidepressants Citalopram and Venlafaxine

10.21203/rs.3.rs-92741/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Ziegler ◽

Helene Eckstein ◽

Shannon Ottmann ◽

Lukas Reinelt ◽

Sabine Stepinski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Reuptake Inhibitor ◽

Brown Trout ◽

Salmo Trutta ◽

Life Stage ◽

Stress Protein ◽

Superoxide Dismutase Activity ◽

Control Fish ◽

Histopathological Alterations

Abstract Background: During the last decades, a worldwide increase in the number of cases of depression accompanied by rising prescription rates of antidepressants was recorded. In Germany, the two most prescribed antidepressants are the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram and the serotonin and noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) venlafaxine, taking about 30 % of the market share. Both antidepressants are found frequently in surface waters and have the potential of adversely affecting aquatic organisms. Most studies dealing with antidepressants address apical endpoints and behaviour, however, only few studies investigate biochemical biomarkers and histopathological alterations. We conducted citalopram and venlafaxine exposure experiments with brown trout eggs in the eyed ova stage for five months, as well as with juvenile brown trout for four weeks. Exposure concentrations ranged from environmentally relevant 1 µg/L up to 1 mg/L. In this study, we investigated the effects of the antidepressants on b-esterase activity (neurotoxicity), stress protein level (proteotoxicity) and superoxide dismutase activity (oxidative stress). Additionally, we assessed the health status of the liver by means of histopathological analyses.Results: We were able to show that both antidepressants did neither induce proteotoxic nor neurotoxic effects in brown trout. But for the antidepressant venlafaxine, the biochemical biomarker for oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase activity) was significantly increased in larvae exposed to at least 10 µg/L venlafaxine at 7°C. With regard to liver histopathology, fish exposed to higher citalopram concentrations were in a worse health condition than control fish irrespective of their life stage. Also the energy storage of fish exposed to 1 mg/L citalopram was reduced. Conclusion: Thus, we here report citalopram-dependent histopathological alterations in brown trout liver, and the induction of oxidative stress by venlafaxine.

Download Full-text

Biochemical and cellular biomarkers in brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario) in response to the antidepressants citalopram and venlafaxine

Environmental Sciences Europe ◽

10.1186/s12302-020-00437-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Michael Ziegler ◽

Helene Eckstein ◽

Shannon Ottmann ◽

Lukas Reinelt ◽

Sabine Stepinski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Reuptake Inhibitor ◽

Brown Trout ◽

Salmo Trutta ◽

Life Stage ◽

Stress Protein ◽

Superoxide Dismutase Activity ◽

Control Fish ◽

Histopathological Alterations

Abstract Background During the last decades, a worldwide increase in the number of cases of depression accompanied by rising prescription rates of antidepressants was recorded. In Germany, the two most prescribed antidepressants are the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram and the serotonin and noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) venlafaxine, taking about 30% of the market share. Both antidepressants are found frequently in surface waters and have the potential of adversely affecting aquatic organisms. Most studies dealing with antidepressants address apical endpoints and behaviour; however, only few studies investigate biochemical biomarkers and histopathological alterations. We conducted citalopram and venlafaxine exposure experiments over 5 months, starting with brown trout eggs in the eyed-ova stage, as well as with juvenile brown trout for 4 weeks. Exposure concentrations ranged from environmentally relevant 1 µg/L up to 1 mg/L. In this study, we investigated the effects of the antidepressants on b-esterase activity (neurotoxicity), stress protein level (proteotoxicity) and superoxide dismutase activity (oxidative stress). Additionally, we assessed the health status of the liver by means of histopathological analyses. Results We were able to show that both antidepressants did neither induce proteotoxic nor neurotoxic effects in brown trout. But for venlafaxine, the biochemical biomarker for oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase activity) was significantly increased in larvae exposed to at least 10-µg/L venlafaxine at 7 °C. With regard to liver histopathology, fish exposed to higher citalopram concentrations were in a worse health condition than control fish irrespective of their life stage. Also, the energy storage of fish exposed to 1 mg/L citalopram was reduced. Conclusion Thus, we here report citalopram-dependent histopathological alterations in brown trout liver, and the induction of oxidative stress by venlafaxine.

Download Full-text

Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Protects Against Arsenic Neurotoxicity via Antioxidative Mechanism and Activation of Superoxide Dismutase Activity

Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871524917666170201145102 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Smarajit Maiti ◽

Nirmallya Acharyya ◽

Tamal K. Ghosh ◽

Sk. Sajed Ali ◽

Emili Manna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Green Tea ◽

Camellia Sinensis ◽

Superoxide Dismutase Activity

Download Full-text

Diazoxide Modulates Cardiac Hypertrophy by Targeting H2O2 Generation and Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase Activity

Current Molecular Pharmacology ◽

10.2174/1874467212666190723144006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 76-83

Author(s):

Aline Maria Brito Lucas ◽

Joana Varlla de Lacerda Alexandre ◽

Maria Thalyne Silva Araújo ◽

Cicera Edna Barbosa David ◽

Yuana Ivia Ponte Viana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽

Superoxide Dismutase Activity ◽

Heart Weight ◽

Pharmacological Intervention ◽

Wall Thickening ◽

H2o2 Production ◽

Mitochondrial Superoxide ◽

Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase

Background: Cardiac hypertrophy involves marked wall thickening or chamber enlargement. If sustained, this condition will lead to dysfunctional mitochondria and oxidative stress. Mitochondria have ATP-sensitive K+ channels (mitoKATP) in the inner membrane that modulate the redox status of the cell. Objective: We investigated the in vivo effects of mitoKATP opening on oxidative stress in isoproterenol- induced cardiac hypertrophy. Methods: Cardiac hypertrophy was induced in Swiss mice treated intraperitoneally with isoproterenol (ISO - 30 mg/kg/day) for 8 days. From day 4, diazoxide (DZX - 5 mg/kg/day) was used in order to open mitoKATP (a clinically relevant therapy scheme) and 5-hydroxydecanoate (5HD - 5 mg/kg/day) or glibenclamide (GLI - 3 mg/kg/day) were used as mitoKATP blockers. Results: Isoproterenol-treated mice had elevated heart weight/tibia length ratios (HW/TL). Additionally, hypertrophic hearts had elevated levels of carbonylated proteins and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), markers of protein and lipid oxidation. In contrast, mitoKATP opening with DZX avoided ISO effects on gross hypertrophic markers (HW/TL), carbonylated proteins and TBARS, in a manner reversed by 5HD and GLI. Moreover, DZX improved mitochondrial superoxide dismutase activity. This effect was also blocked by 5HD and GLI. Additionally, ex vivo treatment of isoproterenol- induced hypertrophic cardiac tissue with DZX decreased H2O2 production in a manner sensitive to 5HD, indicating that this drug also acutely avoids oxidative stress. Conclusion: Our results suggest that diazoxide blocks oxidative stress and reverses cardiac hypertrophy. This pharmacological intervention could be a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent oxidative stress associated with cardiac hypertrophy.

Download Full-text

Complexation of Mn(II) by Rigid Pyclen Diacetates: Equilibrium, Kinetic, Relaxometric, Density Functional Theory, and Superoxide Dismutase Activity Studies

Inorganic Chemistry ◽

10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03276 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zoltán Garda ◽

Enikő Molnár ◽

Nadège Hamon ◽

José Luis Barriada ◽

David Esteban-Gómez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Density Functional Theory ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Density Functional ◽

Superoxide Dismutase Activity ◽

Functional Theory

Download Full-text

Two New Compounds From the Heartwood of Dalbergia melanoxylon and Their Protective Effect on Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in H9c2

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x20987776 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 1934578X2098777

Author(s):

Yang Liu ◽

Ni Zhang ◽

Jun-wei He ◽

Lan-ying Chen ◽

Li Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Superoxide Dismutase Activity ◽

Spectral Evidence ◽

Reoxygenation Injury ◽

Dalbergia Melanoxylon ◽

New Compounds ◽

Hypoxia Reoxygenation

A new neoflavonoid, named as (7 R)-(-)-3′,5-dihydroxy-4′,2,4-trimethoxy-dalbergiquinol (1) and a new phenanthrenedione, named as 3′,7-dihydroxy-3,6- dimethoxy-9-phenyl-1,4-phenanthrenedione (2), together with 4 known compounds, 5- O-methyldalbergiphenol (3), 3′,7-dihydroxy-4′,3,6-trimethoxy-9-phenyl-1,4-phenanthrenedione (4), (+)-obtusafuran (5), and melanoxin (6) were isolated from the heartwood of Dalbergia melanoxylon. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence, as well as by comparison with literature data. Moreover, compound 1 showed a protective effect on hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in H9c2 at 10.0 μM by decreasing lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde activity and enhancing superoxide dismutase activity.

Download Full-text