scholarly journals Computational Modeling of the Hydrological Processes in Caatinga and Pasture Areas in the Brazilian Semi-Arid

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1877
Author(s):  
Lucas Ravellys Pyrrho de Alcântara ◽  
Artur Paiva Coutinho ◽  
Severino Martins dos Santos Neto ◽  
Ana Emília Carvalho de Gusmão da Cunha Rabelo ◽  
Antonio Celso Dantas Antonino
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Dual Porosity ◽  
Hydraulic Parameters ◽  
Hydraulic Models ◽  
Pasture Area ◽  
Porosity Model ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Hydrus 1D

The semi-arid regions of northeastern Brazil have historically suffered from water shortage. In this context, monitoring and modeling the soil moisture’s dynamics with hydrological models in natural (Caatinga) and degraded (Pasture) regions is of fundamental importance to understand the dynamics of hydrological processes. Therefore, this work aims to evaluate the hydraulic parameters in Caatinga and Pasture areas using the Hydrus-1D inverse method. Thus, five soil hydraulic models present in Hydrus-1D were used, allowing the comparison of the single-porosity model with more complex models, which consider the dual porosity and the hysteresis of the porous medium. The hydraulic models showed better adjustments in the Caatinga area (RMSE = 0.01–0.02, R2 = 0.61–0.97) than in the Pasture area (RMSE = 0.01–0.03, R2 = 0.61–0.90). Regarding the hydraulic parameters, for all models, the Pasture showed smaller saturated hydraulic conductivity and water content values of the mobile region than the Caatinga. This fact demonstrates the negative impact of compaction and change in natural vegetation in the Brazilian semi-arid. The dual-porosity model presented the best fit to the data measured in the Pasture area. However, a single-porosity model could be considered representative of the Caatinga area. The results showed that Caatinga areas contribute to maintaining soil moisture and increasing the water storage in semi-arid regions.

scholarly journals Flow Simulation and Storage Assessment in an Ungauged Irrigation Tank Cascade System Using the SWAT Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13158
Author(s):  
Koppuravuri Ramabrahmam ◽  
Venkata Reddy Keesara ◽  
Raghavan Srinivasan ◽  
Deva Pratap ◽  
Venkataramana Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Cascade System ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Irrigation Tank ◽  
Semi Arid

In the semi-arid regions of South Asia, tank systems are the major source of irrigation. In India, the Telangana state government has initiated the Mission Kakatiya program to rejuvenate irrigation tank systems. Understanding the hydrological processes that supply water to these systems is critical to the success of these types of programs in India. The current study attempted to comprehend the hydrological processes and flow routing in the Salivagu watershed tank cascade system in Telangana. There are a lot of ungauged tank cascade systems in this region. Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a physically-based model, was used to simulate flow patterns in the Salivagu watershed with and without tank systems. The geospatially extracted area and volume were used for this study provided by WBIS-Bhuvan-NRSC. Additionally, the Katakshapur Tank Cascade System (KTCS) was chosen to analyze the water availability in each tank using the water balance approach. The Salivagu watershed flow simulation without tanks overestimated streamflow. The volume difference in flow between with and without tank was 606 Mm3, 615.9 Mm3, and 1011 Mm3 in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. The SWAT simulated volumes of the Ramchandrapur and Dharmaraopalle tanks in KTCS were merely satisfied because the tank size was less than 0.7 km2 and the storage capacity was up to 1 Mm3. Due to tank sizes more than 0.8 km2 and capacities greater than 2 Mm3, the Mallampalli and Katakshapur tank simulation findings were in good agreement with WBIS-Bhuvan-NRSC. This research advances our understanding of the hydrological processes in ungauged cascading tank systems in tropical semi-arid regions.

scholarly journals Simulation of water and salts dynamics in Bouhajla (Central Tunisia): exceptional rainfall effect

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kanzari ◽  
M. Hachicha ◽  
R. Bouhlila ◽  
J. Battle-Sales
Keyword(s):  
Model Calibration ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Central Tunisia ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
1D Model ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Hydrus 1D

Arid and semi-arid regions face the risk of soils and aquifers salinization. Rainy events are rare which is characteristic of these regions. They play a significant role in the leaching of salts from topsoil to deeper layers, which increases the risk of aquifers salinization. For this reason, a plot was selected in the semi-arid region of Bou Hajla (Central Tunisia). The simulation of water and salts dynamics was carried out by Hydrus-1D. Model calibration was realised on a flood irrigation experiment during 10 days and in a depth of 4 m. The hydrodynamic parameters were determined by inverse modelling. Model validation was performed successfully during 577 days. The simulation of water and salts dynamics has allowed the analysis of two scenarios: (i) the effect of a very rainy event (> 50mm/day) on the dynamics of salts. This type of event allows leaching of the accumulated salts in the topsoil which promotes their burial in the depth; (ii) the long-term evolution of the saline profile in 20 years showed the cyclical nature of salts leaching in the topsoil, the permanent accumulation of salts in the depth of around 2 m, and a continuous leaching in the deeper layers (around 4 m), which may increase groundwater contamination risk.

scholarly journals Influence of tree species on the herbaceous understory and soil chemical characteristics in a silvopastoral system in semi-arid northeastern Brazil

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 817-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. C. Menezes ◽  
I. H. Salcedo
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Silvopastoral System ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Understory Biomass ◽  
The One ◽  
Semi Arid

Studies from some semi-arid regions of the world have shown the beneficial effect of trees in silvopastoral systems, by promoting the formation of resource islands and increasing the sustainability of the system. No data are available in this respect for tree species of common occurrence in semi-arid Northeastern Brazil. In the present study, conducted in the summer of 1996, three tree species (Zyziphus joazeiro, Spondias tuberosa and Prosopis juliflora: ) found within Cenchrus ciliaris pastures were selected to evaluate differences on herbaceous understory and soil chemical characteristics between samples taken under the tree canopy and in open grass areas. Transects extending from the tree trunk to open grass areas were established, and soil (0-15 cm) and herbaceous understory (standing live biomass in 1 m² plots) samples were taken at 0, 25, 50, 100, 150 and 200% of the average canopy radius (average radius was 6.6 ± 0.5, 4.5 ± 0.5, and 5.3 ± 0.8 m for Z. joazeiro, P. juliflora, and S. tuberosa , respectively). Higher levels of soil C, N, P, Ca, Mg, K, and Na were found under the canopies of Z. joazeiro and P. juliflora: trees, as compared to open grass areas. Only soil Mg organic P were higher under the canopies of S. tuberosa trees, as compared to open grass areas. Herbaceous understory biomass was significantly lower under the canopy of S. tuberosa and P. juliflora trees (107 and 96 g m-2, respectively) relatively to open grass areas (145 and 194 g m-2). No herbaceous biomass differences were found between Z. joazeiro canopies and open grass areas (107 and 87 g m-2, respectively). Among the three tree species studied, Z. joazeiro was the one that presented the greatest potential for use in a silvopastoral system at the study site, since it had a larger nutrient stock in the soil without negatively affecting herbaceous understory biomass, relatively to open grass areas.

scholarly journals (NOTA DE PESQUISA) ESTUDO DE CASO: TEMPERATURA MÉDIA MENSAL DE REGIÕES DO LITORAL E SEMIÁRIDO DO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO (CASE STUDY: MONTHLY MEAN TEMPERATURE OF COASTAL AND SEMI-ARID REGIONS OF NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL)

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca de Fátima Nascimento Silva ◽  
Ana Carla Dos Santos Gomes ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Lucio ◽  
Eduardo Henrique Silveira Araújo ◽  
Cláudio Moisés Dos Santos Silva
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Semi Arid

RESUMOResultados de estudos realizados com variáveis climáticas através das técnicas de Análise de Séries Temporais e da Transformada Wavelet são apresentados neste trabalho. Os dados analisados foram dados de reanálises do Centro Nacional para Previsões Ambientais - NCEP que envolve as regiões do Litoral e do Semiárido do nordeste brasileiro (NEB) a um nível de pressão de 850 milibar (mbar). A série temporal analisada representa as posições de latitude 5º e 7º e longitude 35º e 32,5º para o Litoral e as posições de latitude 5º e 7º e longitude 35º e 37,5º para o Semiárido, o ponto representativo está a 5s e -35w, estes valores estão no nível geográfico de Natal (Litoral) e interior do Estado do RN para as análises climatológicas de temperatura (°C). As séries temporais analisadas contêm os dados do período de 1964 a 2009.  O objetivo desse estudo será identificar mais detalhadamente padrões temporais, intensidades e periodicidade de oscilações da temperatura mensal e anual para as regiões do Litoral e Semiárido do nordeste brasileiro, fazendo-se uso da aplicação da Transformada Wavelet contínua de Morlet para diferentes escalas de tempo e identificando picos dominantes na variabilidade sazonal, bem como a identificação de variabilidades intra e inter anual, ao longo das séries em estudo. Outro ponto importante é o de apresentar os resultados da aplicação da técnica de Análise de Séries Temporais para identificar tendências e sazonalidades no comportamento das séries em estudo e fazer projeções analisando-as e relacionando-as com os resultados das relações tempo-escala.  

scholarly journals Filling the distribution gaps of two species of Accipiter Brisson, 1760 (Aves, Accipitriformes) in northeastern Brazil

Check List ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-207
Author(s):  
Hilda Raianne Silva de Melo ◽  
Anderson Felipe Teixeira da Silva ◽  
Ana Priscila Medeiros Olímpio ◽  
Shirliane de Araújo Sousa ◽  
Flávio Kulaif Ubaid
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
New Records ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Wet Forests ◽  
Semi Arid

We present new records of Gray-bellied Hawk, Accipiter poliogaster (Temminck, 1824), and Rufous-thighed Hawk, A. striatus erythronemius (Kaup, 1850), from northeastern Brazil and review the occurrence of these species in this region. While A. s. erythronemius occurs in secondary forests in the semi-arid regions of northeast Brazil, A. poliogaster seems to be associated more with mature and wet forests and not in the Caatinga scrub.

scholarly journals Compatibilidade geomórfica e identificação dos padrões de uso e cobertura da terra da Bacia do riacho do Tigre

GeoTextos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Vitorino Gomes ◽  
Jonas Otaviano Praça de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Production Activity ◽  
Agricultural Potential ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Semi Arid

Atualmente muitas pesquisas são desenvolvidas na busca de um acompanhamento mais próximo dos problemas detectados nas regiões semiáridas do nordeste brasileiro. O acompanhamento de áreas com potencial agrícola, ou qualquer outro tipo de atividade produtiva nessas regiões vem se tornando mais frequente uma vez que essas regiões necessitam de um monitoramento mais presente deste tipo de atividade e também um melhor planejamento do manejo adequado da terra. Baseado nisto, o zoneamento ambiental torna-se um instrumento importante para classificação de áreas, com procedimentos diversos quanto à análise do uso e da cobertura da terra e dos comportamentos geomórficos. No geral o que se objetiva nesse artigo é destacar a relação entre o uso e o relevo da Bacia do riacho do Tigre - PB, dando ênfase em como os compartimentos do relevo interagem com os tipos de uso do solo e identificar os níveis de compatibilidade geomórfica através da predisposição litológica interpolada com os elementos topográficos. Os resultados mostraram uma área de uso agrícola 80% compatível, 18% moderadamente compatível e 2% incompatível de acordo com o gradiente do terreno encontrado na região. Abstract GEOMORPHIC COMPATIBILITY AND IDENTIFICATION OF USE PATTERNS OF THE BASIN LAND COVER TIGER RILL Many researches are developed in search of a closer follow-up of the problems detected in the semi-arid regions of northeastern Brazil. The monitoring of areas with agricultural potential, or any other type of production activity in these regions where they become more frequent since the regions need a monitoring and present this type of activity and also a better planning of the land management. Based on this, the environmental zoning becomes an important instrument for the classification of areas, where there are different procedures regarding the analysis of land use and coverage and geomorphic behaviors. In general, what refers to this aspect is a relationship between the use and relief of the tiger creek basin - PB, given as the relief comparisons that interact with the types of soil use and identify the levels of compatibility Geomorphic by means of the lithological predisposition interpolated with the topographic elements. The results showed an agricultural use area 80% compatible 18% moderately compatible and 2% incompatible according to the terrain found in the region.

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