scholarly journals Comparison of Three Daily Rainfall-Runoff Hydrological Models Using Four Evapotranspiration Models in Four Small Forested Watersheds with Different Land Cover in South-Central Chile

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3191
Author(s):  
Neftali Flores ◽  
Rolando Rodríguez ◽  
Santiago Yépez ◽  
Victor Osores ◽  
Pedro Rau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Hydrologic Models ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
South Central ◽  
Robust Model ◽  
Sensitive Parameters

We used the lumped rainfall–runoff hydrologic models Génie Rural à 4, 5, 6 paramètres Journalier (GR4J, GR5J and GR6J) to evaluate the most robust model for simulating discharge on four forested small catchments (<40 ha) in south-central Chile. Different evapotranspiration methods were evaluated: Oudin, Hargreaves–Samani and Priestley–Taylor. Oudin’s model allows the achievement of the highest efficiencies in the flow simulation. The more sensitive parameters for each model were identified through a Generalized Probability Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) model. Our results demonstrate that the three hydrological models were capable of efficiently simulating flow in the four study catchments. However, the GR6J model obtained the most satisfactory results in terms of simulated to measured streamflow closeness. In general, the three models tended to underestimate peak flow, as well as underestimate and overestimate flow events in most of the in situ observations, according to the probability of non-exceedance. We also evaluated the models’ performance in a simulation of summer discharge due to the importance of downstream water supply in the months of greatest scarcity. Again, we found that GR6J obtained the most efficient simulations.

scholarly journals Constraining a lumped rainfall-runoff model with piezometry to improve low-flow simulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Pelletier ◽  
Vakzen Andréassian
Keyword(s):  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Low Flows ◽  
Sample Test ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
Runoff Model

&lt;p&gt;Most lumped hydrological models are focused on the rainfall-runoff relationship, since climatic conditions are the driving force of the hydrological behaviour of a catchment. Many hydrological models, like the ones used by the French national PREMHYCE platform, only take climatic variables as inputs &amp;#8211; daily rainfall and potential evaporation &amp;#8211; to simulate and forecast low-flows. Yet, a hydrological drought is generally a medium- to long-term phenomenon, which is the consequence of long records of dry climatic conditions. Daily lumped hydrological models often struggle to integrate these records to reproduce catchment memory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In many French catchments, it was observed that this memory of past hydroclimatic conditions is well represented in piezometric signals that are broadly available over the national territory. Indeed, aquifers, especially the large ones, do store water on the long, feeding rivers during droughts: aquifers are not only &lt;em&gt;water carriers&lt;/em&gt; &amp;#8211; the etymology for the word &lt;em&gt;aquifer &lt;/em&gt;&amp;#8211; they are also &lt;em&gt;memory carriers&lt;/em&gt;. A dataset of 108 catchments, each of them being associated with one or several piezometers, was used to investigate whether the GR6J daily lumped rainfall-runoff model could be constrained by piezometric time series to improve low-flow simulations. We found that a particular state of the model, the exponential store, is particularly well correlated with piezometry in most studied catchments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In order to get a univocal relationship between the exponential store and piezometry, a multi-objective calibration approach was implemented, optimising both (i) flow simulation with a criterion focused on low-flows and (ii) affine correspondence between the exponential store level and piezometry. For that purpose, a new parameter was added to the model. The modified calibration was then evaluated through a split-sample test and the performance in simulating particular drought events. The calibrated store-piezometry relationship can now be used for data assimilation to improve low-flow forecasting.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Estimating the Relative Uncertainties Sourced from GCMs and Hydrological Models in Modeling Climate Change Impact on Runoff

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Teng ◽  
Jai Vaze ◽  
Francis H. S. Chiew ◽  
Biao Wang ◽  
Jean-Michel Perraud
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Impact ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Runoff Modeling ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Climate Series

Abstract This paper assesses the relative uncertainties from GCMs and from hydrological models in modeling climate change impact on runoff across southeast Australia. Five lumped conceptual daily rainfall–runoff models are used to model runoff using historical daily climate series and using future climate series obtained by empirically scaling the historical climate series informed by simulations from 15 GCMs. The majority of the GCMs project a drier future for this region, particularly in the southern parts, and this is amplified as a bigger reduction in the runoff. The results indicate that the uncertainty sourced from the GCMs is much larger than the uncertainty in the rainfall–runoff models. The variability in the climate change impact on runoff results for one rainfall–runoff model informed by 15 GCMs (an about 28%–35% difference between the minimum and maximum results for mean annual, mean seasonal, and high runoff) is considerably larger than the variability in the results between the five rainfall–runoff models informed by 1 GCM (a less than 7% difference between the minimum and maximum results). The difference between the rainfall–runoff modeling results is larger in the drier regions for scenarios of big declines in future rainfall and in the low-flow characteristics. The rainfall–runoff modeling here considers only the runoff sensitivity to changes in the input climate data (primarily daily rainfall), and the difference between the hydrological modeling results is likely to be greater if potential changes in the climate–runoff relationship in a warmer and higher CO2 environment are modeled.

Patchy bedrock explained: Tectonic fracture control on landscape evolution patterns in south-Central Chile 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Lodes ◽  
Dirk Scherler ◽  
Hella Wittmann ◽  
Renee Van Dongen
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
Tectonic Deformation ◽  
Fracture Density ◽  
Rock Fracturing ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Denudation Rates ◽  
South Central

&lt;p&gt;Rock fracturing induced by tectonic deformation is thought to promote faster denudation in more highly fractured areas by lowering grain size and directing the flow of water. That the density and pattern of fractures in a landscape play a role in controlling erosion and landscape evolution has been known for over a century, but not until recently do we have tools, like cosmogenic nuclides, to quantify erosion rates in places with varying fracture densities. In the Nahuelbuta Range in south-central Chile, we observed that &gt;30-m thick regolith exists next to patches of unweathered bedrock. We hypothesize that the density of fractures dictates the pace and patterns of chemical weathering, regolith conversion, and erosion in the Nahuelbuta Range. To test this, we used in situ cosmogenic &lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt;Be to obtain denudation rates from amalgamated samples of bedrock, corestones and soils, and measured fracture density and orientation, as well as hillslope boulder size in several sites in the Nahuelbuta Range. We found that more highly fractured areas indeed have higher denudation rates than less fractured areas, and that bedrock denudation rates are ~10 m/Myr while soil denudation rates are ~30 m/Myr, suggesting that soil-covered areas may be sites of higher fracture density at depth. Fractures have orientations that match mapped faults across the Nahuelbuta range, and thus are considered to be tectonically-induced. In addition, both fracture and fault orientations match the orientation of streams incising the range, suggesting that fractures control stream channel orientation by weakening bedrock and thus directing flow.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Improved Curve Number Estimation in SWAT by Reflecting the Effect of Rainfall Intensity on Runoff Generation

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejian Zhang ◽  
Qiaoyin Lin ◽  
Xingwei Chen ◽  
Tian Chai
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
The Relationship

Determining the amount of rainfall that will eventually become runoff and its pathway is a crucial process in hydrological modelling. We proposed a method to better estimate curve number by adding an additional component (AC) to better account for the effects of daily rainfall intensity on rainfall-runoff generation. This AC is determined by a regression equation developed from the relationship between the AC series derived from fine-tuned calibration processes and observed rainfall series. When incorporated into the Soil and Water Assessment Tool and tested in the Anxi Watershed, it is found, overall, the modified SWAT (SWAT-ICN) outperformed the original SWAT (SWAT-CN) in terms of stream flow, base flow, and annual extreme flow simulation. These models were further evaluated with the data sets of two adjacent watersheds. Similar results were achieved, indicating the ability of the proposed method to better estimate curve number.

scholarly journals A modified topographic index that incorporates the hydraulic and physical properties of soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Yi ◽  
Wan-Chang Zhang ◽  
Chang-An Yan
Keyword(s):  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
Stream Network ◽  
Topographic Index ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Aiming at quantifying the impacts of soil properties on rainfall–runoff processes, the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and the soil erodibility factor (K) were selected and incorporated into the classical topographic index ln(α/tanβ) (TI) to construct a modified topographic index (TI′). Stream network extractions and performance evaluations of topography-based hydrological models based on TI and TI′ were carried out in three watersheds with different climate conditions. The investigations indicated that: (1) the changes of stream networks caused by the incorporation of Ks·K could correctly present the phenomenon that the points would show greater potential to be saturated to become contributing areas if their underlying soils possess higher hydraulic conductivities and stronger erodibility; and (2) the performances of the topography-based hydrological models TOPMODEL and TOPX were improved when simulating the daily rainfall–runoff processes with the input of ln(α/(tanβ·Ks·K) (TI3). TI3 was suitable for rainfall–runoff simulation in arid and semi-arid, humid and semi-humid, and humid regions. The performance improvements increased as the spatial heterogeneity of Ks·K enlarged. Based on these investigations, TI3 was recommended for the modified form of TI′.

scholarly journals A comparison between lumped and distributed hydrological models for daily rainfall-runoff simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 958 (1) ◽  
pp. 012016
Author(s):  
F Vilaseca ◽  
S Narbondo ◽  
C Chreties ◽  
A Castro ◽  
A Gorgoglione
Keyword(s):  
Computational Cost ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Models ◽  
Social Importance

Abstract In Uruguay, the Santa Lucía Chico watershed has been studied in several hydrologic/hydraulic works due to its economic and social importance. However, few studies have been focused on water balance computation in this watershed. In this work, two daily rainfall-runoff models, a distributed (SWAT) and a lumped one (GR4J), were implemented at two subbasins of the Santa Lucía Chico watershed, with the aim of providing a thorough comparison for simulating daily hydrographs and identify possible scenarios in which each approach is more suitable than the other. Results showed that a distributed and complex model like SWAT performs better in watersheds characterized by anthropic interventions such as dams, which can be explicitly represented. On the other hand, for watersheds with no significant reservoirs, the use of a complex model may not be justified due to the higher effort required in modeling design, implementation, and computational cost, which is not reflected in a significant improvement of model performance.

scholarly journals Evaluating Regional and Global Hydrological Models against Streamflow and Evapotranspiration Measurements

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 995-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongqiang Zhang ◽  
Hongxing Zheng ◽  
Francis H. S. Chiew ◽  
Jorge Peña Arancibia ◽  
Xinyao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Runoff Variability ◽  
Global Water

Abstract Land surface and global hydrological models are often used to characterize global water and energy fluxes and stores and to model their future trajectories. This study evaluates estimates of streamflow and evapotranspiration (ET) obtained with a priori parameterization from a land surface model [CSIRO Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange (CABLE)] and a global hydrological model (H08) against a global dataset of streamflow from 644 largely unregulated catchments and ET from 98 flux towers and benchmarks their performance against two lumped conceptual daily rainfall–runoff models [modèle du Génie Rural à 4 paramètres Journalier (GR4J) and a simplified version of the HYDROLOG model (SIMHYD)]. The results show that all four models perform poorly in simulating the monthly and annual runoff values, with the rainfall–runoff models outperforming both CABLE and H08. The model biases in runoff are generally reflected as a complementary opposite bias in ET. All models can generally reproduce the observed seasonal and interannual runoff variability. The correlations between the modeled and observed runoff time series are reasonable, with the rainfall–runoff models performing slightly better than CABLE and H08 at the monthly time scale and all four models performing similarly at the annual time scale. The results suggest that while the land surface and global hydrological models cannot adequately simulate the actual runoff time series and long-term average volumes, they can reasonably simulate the monthly and interannual runoff variability and trends and can therefore be reliably used for broadscale or comparative regional and global water and energy balance assessments and simulations of future trajectories. They can be improved through validating the models or calibrating some of the more sensitive and less physically based parameters.

Identifying a Suitable Model for Low-Flow Simulation in Watersheds of South-Central Chile: A Study Based on a Sensitivity Analysis

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Parra ◽  
Jose Luis Arumí ◽  
Enrique Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Groundwater Storage ◽  
Release Process ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Low Flows ◽  
South Central ◽  
Steep Topography

Choosing a model that suitably represents the characteristics of a watershed to simulate low flows is crucial, especially in watersheds whose main source of baseflow generation depends on groundwater storage and release. The goal of this investigation is to study the performance and representativeness of storage-release process modeling, considering aspects such as the topography and geology of the modeled watershed through regional sensitivity analysis, in order to improve low-flow prediction. To this end, four groundwater storage-release structures in various watersheds with different geological (fractured and sedimentary rock) and topographic domains (steep and gentle slopes) were analyzed. The results suggest that the two-reservoir structure with three runoff responses is suitable (better) for simulating low flows in watersheds with fractured geological characteristics and rugged or steep topography. The results also indicate that a one-reservoir model can be adequate for predicting low flows in watersheds with a sedimentary influence or flat topography.

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