IMPACT OF TECHNOGENIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ACCIDENTS ON AIR POLLUTION AND HUMAN HEALTH

The article presents calculations of probability of human exposure to atmospheric ecotoxicants based on the use of probit function for technogenic environmental accidents having already occurred in the small cities of Armyansk, Balashikha and Sibay. For example, the dependence of the probability of human exposure on the time of exposure to H2S toxicant near the Kuchino waste landfill (Balashikha, Moscow region) in the case of 5 to 625 times the maximum permissible H2 S concentrations (MPC) has been obtained. With 60% probability, a human as a bioindicator will feel the impact in 1000 s at 5 MPC, and in 1 s – at 625 MPC with the same probability. Similar calculations have been made for SO2 and other toxicants. The SO2 hazard level is lower than that of H2 S, so the time interval for exposure to ecotoxicants is longer. In the absence of appropriate devices for monitoring gases at potentially dangerous objects, the considered assessment method can be used for predictive tasks to assess the likelihood of exposure of human health to toxicants at different levels of air pollution and to make management decisions on the advance preparation of means to protect the population. The introduction of the best available technologies, like in the European countries, can increase the level of environmental safety in Russia