A review of high-power magnetoplasmodynamic electric propulsion designs and studies of RSC Energia

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-133
Author(s):  
Victor V. SINYAVSKIY
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
High Power ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Power Input ◽  
Design Bureau ◽  
Rocket Propulsion

At the initiative of S.P.Korolev, in 1959, Special Design Bureau No.1 (now RSC Energia) established the High-temperature Power Engineering and Electric Propulsion Center which was tasked with development of nuclear electric propulsion for heavy interplanetary vehicles. Selected as the source of electric power was a nuclear power unit based on a thermionic converter reactor, and selected as the engine was a stationary low-voltage magnetoplasmodynamic (MPD) high-power (0.5–1.0 MW) thruster which had thousands of hours of service life. The paper presents the results of extensive efforts in research, development, design, materials science experiments, and tests on the MPD-thruster, including the results of development and 500-hours life tests of an MPD-thruster with a 500-600 kW electric power input that used lithium propellant. The world’s first lithium 17 kW MPD-thruster was built and successfully tested in space. The paper points out that to this day nobody has surpassed the then achievements of RSC Energia neither in thruster output during long steady-state operation, nor in performance and service life. Key words: Martian expeditionary vehicle, nuclear electric rocket propulsion system, electric rocket thruster, magnetoplasmodynamic thruster, lithium, cathode, anode, barium, electric propulsion tests in space.

TRADEOFF ANALYSIS OF HIGH-POWER ELECTRIC PROPULSION SYSTEMS BASED ON DOMESTIC ELECTRIC PROPULSION ENGINES AND POTENTIAL FOR THEIR USE IN ORBIT-TO-ORBIT TRANSFER SYSTEMS AND DEEP SPACE EXPLORATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Yu.G. GUSEV ◽  
A.V. PILNIKOV ◽  
S.E. SUVOROV
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Deep Space ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Orbit Transfer ◽  
Rocket Propulsion ◽  
Component Development

The paper discusses design solutions for increased-power and high-power electric rocket propulsion systems to be used in orbit-to-orbit transfer vehicles and advanced spacecraft. It reviews characteristics of their components from the standpoint of the mission to reboost the spacecraft to their target orbits, to perform the operations of transportation to the lunar orbit and to explore deep space. It discusses key criteria and procedures for selection of components, as well as problem areas in their development and ground developmental testing. The paper analyses pros and cons of using various versions of propulsion systems based on medium- and high-power electrical propulsion engines, the current status of their component development, as well as the technical feasibility of conducting developmental tests on the ground. Key words: electric propulsion engine, propulsion system, propulsion module, propellant storage system, power supply and control system, vacuum chamber, vacuum system.

scholarly journals Uncontrolled Electric Vehicle Charging Impacts on Distribution Electric Power Systems with Primarily Residential, Commercial or Industrial Loads

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Birk Jones ◽  
Matthew Lave ◽  
William Vining ◽  
Brooke Marshall Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Electric Power Systems ◽  
Primary System ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ev Charging

An increase in Electric Vehicles (EV) will result in higher demands on the distribution electric power systems (EPS) which may result in thermal line overloading and low voltage violations. To understand the impact, this work simulates two EV charging scenarios (home- and work-dominant) under potential 2030 EV adoption levels on 10 actual distribution feeders that support residential, commercial, and industrial loads. The simulations include actual driving patterns of existing (non-EV) vehicles taken from global positioning system (GPS) data. The GPS driving behaviors, which explain the spatial and temporal EV charging demands, provide information on each vehicles travel distance, dwell locations, and dwell durations. Then, the EPS simulations incorporate the EV charging demands to calculate the power flow across the feeder. Simulation results show that voltage impacts are modest (less than 0.01 p.u.), likely due to robust feeder designs and the models only represent the high-voltage (“primary”) system components. Line loading impacts are more noticeable, with a maximum increase of about 15%. Additionally, the feeder peak load times experience a slight shift for residential and mixed feeders (≈1 h), not at all for the industrial, and 8 h for the commercial feeder.

scholarly journals Interleaved, Switched Inductor and High-Gain Wide Bandgap Based Boost Converter Proposal

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 800
Author(s):  
David Marroqui ◽  
Ausias Garrigós ◽  
Cristian Torres ◽  
Carlos Orts ◽  
Jose M. Blanes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
High Power ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Wide Bandgap ◽  
High Power Density ◽  
Boost Converters ◽  
Proposal A ◽  
Current Ripples ◽  
Current Ripple

Many applications (electric vehicles, renewable energies, low-voltage DC grids) require simple, high-power density and low-current ripple-boost converters. Traditional step-up converters are limited when large transformation ratios are involved. In this work is proposed a step-up converter that brings together the characteristics of high gain, low ripple, and high-power density. From the converter proposal, a mathematical analysis of its operation is first performed, including its static transfer function, stress of components, and voltage and current ripples. Furthermore, it provides a design example for an application of Vin = 48 V to Vo = 270 V and 500 W. For its implementation, two different wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductor models have been used, hybrid GaN cascodes and SiC MOSFETs. Finally, the experimental results of the produced prototypes are shown, and the results are discussed.

High power solar electric propulsion and the Asteroid Redirect Robotic Mission (ARRM)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Strange ◽  
John Brophy ◽  
Farah Alibay ◽  
Melissa L. McGuire ◽  
Brian Muirhead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Solar Electric Propulsion
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