Blockchain for smart cities: A review of architectures, integration trends and future research directions

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 102360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharat Bhushan ◽  
Aditya Khamparia ◽  
K. Martin Sagayam ◽  
Sudhir Kumar Sharma ◽  
Mohd Abdul Ahad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions

scholarly journals A Review of Blockchain Architecture and Consensus Protocols: Use Cases, Challenges, and Solutions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Ismail ◽  
Huned Materwala
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Distributed Databases ◽  
Distributed Applications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Digital Ecosystem ◽  
Smart Healthcare ◽  
Future Research Directions

ver the last decade the blockchain technology has emerged to provide solutions to the complexity, performance and privacy challenges of using distributed databases. Over this time, the concept of blockchain has shifted greatly due to the rapidly evolving distributed applications in a collaborative ecosystem such as smart cities, social networking, governance, and smart healthcare, and the ultimate need for green computing, cost reduction for customers, and business growth for enterprises. Consequently, blockchain architecture has misaligned with the goals for a green collaborative digital ecosystem. Therefore, it becomes critical to address this vent and to build new frameworks to align blockchain with those goals. In this paper, we discuss the evolution of blockchain architecture and its consensus protocols, bringing a retrospective analysis and discussing the rationale of the evolution of the various architectures and protocols, as well as capturing the assumptions conducting to their development and contributions to building collaborative applications. We introduce a classification of those architectures and provide insights for future research directions in the field.

Opioid-induced Hyperalgesia

2006 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 570-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin S. Angst ◽  
J David Clark
Keyword(s):  
Physical Dependence ◽  
Opioid Therapy ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Opioid Induced Hyperalgesia ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Future Research Directions

Opioids are the cornerstone therapy for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. Although common concerns regarding the use of opioids include the potential for detrimental side effects, physical dependence, and addiction, accumulating evidence suggests that opioids may yet cause another problem, often referred to as opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Somewhat paradoxically, opioid therapy aiming at alleviating pain may render patients more sensitive to pain and potentially may aggravate their preexisting pain. This review provides a comprehensive summary of basic and clinical research concerning opioid-induced hyperalgesia, suggests a framework for organizing pertinent information, delineates the status quo of our knowledge, identifies potential clinical implications, and discusses future research directions.

The Role of Libraries, Archives, and Museums for Metaliteracy in Smart Cities

2022 ◽  
pp. 355-375
Author(s):  
Saima Qutab ◽  
Syed Adnan Adil ◽  
Lesley A. Gardner ◽  
Farasat Shafi Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Digital Inclusion ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Future Research Directions

The concept of smart cities is gaining popularity within academic, practice, and policy circles. Smart cities are intended to be self-sufficient via cutting-edge technologies, purposive innovations, and inventions. However, while technology is growing at an unexpectedly fast pace, one of the essential components of smart cities ‘humans' is lagging behind. The need for and scope of literacies to survive in smart cities pose challenges for their citizens. This study aims to identify the range of literacies required in smart cities and the roles of libraries, archives, and museums (LAM) in supporting citizen literacies for social and digital inclusion. The LAM sector is one of the major stakeholders in the digital transformation sphere. Therefore, the LAM sector must identify the nature of required literacies, the roles and strengths of other stakeholders, and the opportunities to increase its presence in the process. This study systematically identifies and addresses these issues through a conceptual framework process and proposes future research directions for the LAM sector.

Methods for Assessing, Predicting, and Improving Data Veracity: A survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-30
Author(s):  
Fatmah Assiri
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Software Construction ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Data is an essential part of smart cities, and data can play an important role indecision making processes. Data generated through web applications and devicesutilize the Internet of Things (IoT) and related technologies. Thus, it is also importantto be able to create big data, which has historically been defined as having threekey dimensions: volume, variety, and velocity. However, recently, veracity has beenadded as the fourth dimension. Data veracity relates to the quality of the data. Anypotential issues with the quality of the data must be corrected because low-quality dataleads to poor software construction, and ultimately bad decision making. In this work,we reviewed the existing literature on related technical solutions that address dataveracity based on the domain of its application, including social media, web, and IoTapplications. The challenges or limitations and related gaps in existing work will bediscussed, and future research directions will be proposed to address the critical issuesof data veracity in the era of big data

scholarly journals Blockchain technology in the smart city: a bibliometric review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abderahman Rejeb ◽  
Karim Rejeb ◽  
Steven J. Simske ◽  
John G. Keogh
Keyword(s):  
Citation Analysis ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Bibliometric Review ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Leading Journals

AbstractBlockchain can function as a foundational technology with numerous applications in smart cities. The objective of this paper is twofold. First, it provides a detailed overview of the extant literature on blockchain applications in smart cities; second, it reveals the trends and suggests future research directions for scholars who wish to contribute to this rapidly growing field. We conducted a bibliometric review using a keyword co-occurrence network and article co-citation analysis. The analysis includes the assessment of 148 articles published between 2016 and 2020 in 76 academic journals. The review results demonstrate that the number of articles devoted to the study of blockchain applications and smart cities has increased exponentially in recent years. More importantly, the research identifies some of the most influential studies in this area. The paper discusses trends and highlights the challenges related to the deployment of blockchain in smart cities. To the authors’ best knowledge, this represents the first study to review the literature from leading journals on blockchain applications in smart cities using bibliometric techniques.

scholarly journals An overview of digitalization for the building-to-grid ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Ma ◽  
Anders Clausen ◽  
Yun Lin ◽  
Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Technical Aspect ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Grid Side

AbstractDigitalization is playing an important role in the emerging practice of Building-to-Grid (B2G). However, the majority of the literature only covers either the grid side, the demand side, or the technical aspect of B2G integration, and an overview of the digitalization in B2G and the involved stakeholders is missing. To fill these gaps, this paper proposes a definition of the B2G ecosystem and provides an overview of the digitalization of the B2G ecosystem with six aspects (B2G goals and themes, B2G technologies, B2G data sources and data management, and B2G related stakeholders). This paper also discusses five emerging technologies (5G, IoT, big data, artificial intelligence, and blockchain) and three main challenges of the applications of the emerging technologies in the B2G ecosystem (Security and privacy, interoperability and scalability, coordination, and dysfunctional emerging behaviors of collective intelligent controls). Lastly, this paper recommends future research directions in the Building-to-Grid ecosystem (especially ecosystem modeling and simulation), B2G’s role in smart cities, sustainability, resilience, and harmonization of the B2G ecosystem, and other emerging technologies in B2G.

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