An overview on Chronic Kidney Disease allied risk factors and complications

Chronic kidney disease is a long term condition characterized by the gradual loss of kidney function at least a period of 3 months or more. About two-thirds of the cases are mainly caused due to HTN and DM. The symptom load plays a crucial role in the patient's disease experience and among the main signs of CKD are troubling physical and psychological symptoms. The evaluation of the symptom burden of CKD patients is of the utmost importance in clinical management. The risk factors include age, sex, race and ethnicity, family history, drug use, smoking, and socioeconomic status; and other comorbidities, such as hypertension and diabetes. Some risk factors can be modified and prevent or slow down the progression to ESRD. CKD progression is associated with serious complications such as cardiovascular risk, dyslipidemia, anemia, nutritional issues, and mineral and bone disorders.

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Risk Factors for Long-Term Mortality and Progressive Chronic Kidney Disease Associated With Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery

Medicine ◽

10.1097/md.0000000000002025 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 94 (45) ◽

pp. e2025 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Jia-Rui Xu ◽

Jia-Ming Zhu ◽

Jun Jiang ◽

Xiao-Qiang Ding ◽

Yi Fang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Cardiac Surgery ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Long Term Mortality

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The obese patient (metabolic syndrome)

10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0168 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Maarit Korkeila ◽

Bengt Lindholm ◽

Peter Stenvinkel

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Reverse Epidemiology ◽

Increased Risk

Overweight and obesity cause pathophysiological changes in renal function and increase the risk for chronic kidney disease in otherwise healthy subjects. This should not be a surprise as the risk factors for metabolic syndrome largely overlap with those for chronic kidney disease. Intentional weight loss has beneficial effects on risk factors, but long term effects are less clear. Bariatric surgery does seem to achieve rapid benefits on blood pressure and proteinuria as well as on other aspects of metabolic syndrome, but its long term implications for kidney function are less clear cut as there may be an increased risk of nephrolithiasis, and possibly AKI and other complications.Obesity in haemodialysis patients is one of those paradoxical examples of reverse epidemiology where a factor associated with negative outcomes in the general population is associated with better outcomes in dialysis patients. The same is true for high blood cholesterol values. Interpretation is complicated by complex competing outcomes and confounders.

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Obesity and kidney disease: Hidden consequences of the epidemic

Physiology International ◽

10.1556/2060.104.2017.1.9 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 104 (1) ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

CP Kovesdy ◽

S Furth ◽

C Zoccali ◽

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

High Body Mass Index ◽

The World ◽

Policy Measures ◽

Intraglomerular Pressure ◽

New Onset

Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic, and its prevalence has been projected to grow by 40% in the next decade. This increasing prevalence has implications for the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and also for chronic kidney disease (CKD). A high body mass index is one of the strongest risk factors for new-onset CKD. In individuals affected by obesity, a compensatory hyperfiltration occurs to meet the heightened metabolic demands of the increased body weight. The increase in intraglomerular pressure can damage the kidneys and raise the risk of developing CKD in the long-term. The incidence of obesity-related glomerulopathy has increased tenfold in recent years. Obesity has also been shown to be a risk factor for nephrolithiasis, and for a number of malignancies including kidney cancer. This year the World Kidney Day promotes education on the harmful consequences of obesity and its association with kidney disease, advocating healthy lifestyle, and health policy measures that makes preventive behaviors an affordable option.

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MP151IDIOPATHIC MINIMAL CHANGE DISEASE IN ADULTS: LONG TERM RISK FACTORS FOR CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfw185.42 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 31 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. i392-i392

Author(s):

Meriam Khadhar ◽

Imed Helal ◽

Rym Goucha ◽

Fethi Ben Hamida ◽

Ezzeddine Abderrahim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Minimal Change Disease ◽

Minimal Change

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MO452CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE TEN YEARS AFTER PEDIATRIC ALLOGENEIC HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfab090.0014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Dorine Bresters ◽

Els Jol-van der Zijde ◽

Eiske Dorresteijn ◽

Marloes Louwerens ◽

Carlijn Jordans ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ◽

Stem Cell Transplantation ◽

Cell Transplantation ◽

Hematopoietic Stem Cell ◽

Hematopoietic Stem

Abstract Background and Aims Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important sequela of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but data regarding CKD after pediatric HSCT are limited. Method In this single center cohort study, we evaluated eGFR dynamics, proteinuria and hypertension in the first decade after HSCT and assessed risk factors for chronic kidney disease in 216 pediatric long term HSCT survivors, transplanted between 2002 and 2012. Results The eGFR decreased from median 148 to 116 ml/min/1.73m2 between pre-HSCT and ten years after HSCT. CKD, defined as an eGFR <90 ml/min/1.73m2 and/or proteinuria (KDIGO stage ≥G2 or ≥A2) occurred in 21% of patients. In multivariate analysis, hematological malignancy as HSCT indication (HR 5.5, 95% CI 1.2-25) and cytomegalovirus reactivation (HR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1-5.4) were independent risk factors for CKD. One third of patients with CKD had both an eGFR <90 ml/min/1.73m2 as well as proteinuria, one third had isolated eGFR reduction and one third only had proteinuria. Hypertension was observed in 27% of patients with CKD compared to 4.4% of patients without CKD. Tubular proteinuria was present in 7% of the subgroup of patients (n=71) in which β2-microglobulinuria was measured. Conclusion In conclusion, a significant proportion of pediatric HSCT recipients developed chronic kidney disease within ten years after HSCT. Our data stress the importance of structural long term monitoring of eGFR, urine and blood pressure after HSCT to identify patients with beginning CKD who could benefit most from nephroprotective interventions.

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Chronic kidney disease in long-term survivors of myeloablative allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation: prevalence and risk factors

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfp485 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 278-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

M. Ando ◽

K. Ohashi ◽

H. Akiyama ◽

H. Sakamaki ◽

T. Morito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Cell Transplantation ◽

Haematopoietic Cell ◽

Allogeneic Haematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽

Long Term Survivors

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Long-term mortality and risk factors for development of end-stage renal disease in critically ill patients with and without chronic kidney disease

Critical Care ◽

10.1186/s13054-015-1101-8 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Claire Rimes-Stigare ◽

Paolo Frumento ◽

Matteo Bottai ◽

Johan Mårtensson ◽

Claes-Roland Martling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Renal Disease ◽

Critically Ill Patients ◽

End Stage Renal Disease ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

End Stage ◽

Long Term Mortality

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Disparities in Chronic Kidney Disease Progression by Medicare Advantage Enrollees

American Journal of Nephrology ◽

10.1159/000519758 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 949-957

Author(s):

Clarissa Jonas Diamantidis ◽

Lindsay Zepel ◽

Virginia Wang ◽

Valerie A. Smith ◽

Sarah Hudson Scholle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Function ◽

Race And Ethnicity ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Geographic Location ◽

Study Entry ◽

Medicare Advantage ◽

Ckd Progression

Introduction: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Medicare beneficiaries has quadrupled in the past 2 decades, but little is known about risk factors affecting the progression of CKD. This study aims to understand the progression in Medicare Advantage enrollees and whether it differs by provider recognition of CKD, race and ethnicity, or geographic location. In a large cohort of Medicare Advantage (MA) enrollees, we examined whether CKD progression, up to 5 years after study entry, differed by demographic and clinical factors and identified additional risk factors of CKD progression. Methods: In a cohort of 1,002,388 MA enrollees with CKD stages 1–4 based on 2013–2018 labs, progression was estimated using a mixed-effects model that adjusted for demographics, geographic location, comorbidity, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, clinical recognition via diagnosed CKD, and time-fixed effects. Race and ethnicity, geographic location, and clinical recognition of CKD were interacted with time in 3 separate regression models. Results: Mean (median) follow-up was 3.1 (3.0) years. Black and Hispanic MA enrollees had greater kidney function at study entry than other beneficiaries, but their kidney function declined faster. MA enrollees with clinically recognized CKD had estimated glomerular filtration rate levels that were 18.6 units (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.5–18.7) lower than levels of unrecognized patients, but kidney function declined more slowly in enrollees with clinical recognition. There were no differences in CKD progression by geography. After removal of the race coefficient from the eGFR equation in a sensitivity analysis, kidney function was much lower in all years among Black MA enrollees, but patterns of progression remained the same. Discussion/Conclusions: These results suggest that patients with clinically recognized CKD and racial and ethnic minorities merit closer surveillance and management to reduce their risk of faster progression.

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Obesity and kidney disease: hidden consequences of the epidemic

South African Family Practice ◽

10.4102/safp.v59i1.4580 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 38-44

Author(s):

Csaba P Kovesdy ◽

Susan Furth ◽

Carmine Zoccali

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

High Body Mass Index ◽

The World ◽

Policy Measures ◽

Intraglomerular Pressure ◽

New Onset

Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic, and its prevalence has been projected to grow by 40% in the next decade. This increasing prevalence has implications for the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and also for Chronic Kidney Disease. A high body mass index is one of the strongest risk factors for new-onset Chronic Kidney Disease. In individuals affected by obesity, a compensatory hyperfiltration occurs to meet the heightened metabolic demands of the increased body weight. The increase in intraglomerular pressure can damage the kidneys and raise the risk of developing Chronic Kidney Disease in the long-term. The incidence of obesity-related glomerulopathy has increased ten-fold in recent years. Obesity has also been shown to be a risk factor for nephrolithiasis, and for a number of malignancies including kidney cancer. This year the World Kidney Day promotes education on the harmful consequences of obesity and its association with kidney disease, advocating healthy lifestyle and health policy measures that makes preventive behaviors an affordable option.

Download Full-text