ASSESSMENT OF THE ACOUSTICS OF TEMPLE BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES BASED ON THE PARAMETER MEASURE OF HEIGHT

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
Ch.A. Ch.A. SCHIRJETSKY1
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Specific Sense ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Temple ◽  
The Church

In this paper, based on the analysis of the results of field surveys of the acoustics of canonical prayer halls of the Orthodox and Muslim confessions, a proposal for an objective assessment of the specific sense of sacredness of religious events is developed. A new parameter for assessing this feeling is presented-the so - called "height measure" of the perception of the sound of the temple, with the method of its calculation and measurement. The relationship of this parameter with the known volume criteria of echo formations is estimated, depending on the geometry of the church (first of all, on the height of the main dome) and the signal-to-noise ratio for the characteristic areas of the parishioners 'accommodation.

scholarly journals High microphone signal-to-noise ratio enhances acoustic sampling of wildlife

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9955
Author(s):  
Kevin F.A. Darras ◽  
Franziska Deppe ◽  
Yvonne Fabian ◽  
Agus P. Kartono ◽  
Andres Angulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Automated Detection ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Microphone Signal ◽  
Bird Species Richness ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Acoustic Sampling

Background Automated sound recorders are a popular sampling tool in ecology. However, the microphones themselves received little attention so far, and specifications that determine the recordings’ sound quality are seldom mentioned. Here, we demonstrate the importance of microphone signal-to-noise ratio for sampling sonant animals. Methods We tested 12 different microphone models in the field and measured their signal-to-noise ratios and detection ranges. We also measured the vocalisation activity of birds and bats that they recorded, the bird species richness, the bat call types richness, as well as the performance of automated detection of bird and bat calls. We tested the relationship of each one of these measures with signal-to-noise ratio in statistical models. Results Microphone signal-to-noise ratio positively affects the sound detection space areas, which increased by a factor of 1.7 for audible sound, and 10 for ultrasound, from the lowest to the highest signal-to-noise ratio microphone. Consequently, the sampled vocalisation activity increased by a factor of 1.6 for birds, and 9.7 for bats. Correspondingly, the species pool of birds and bats could not be completely detected by the microphones with lower signal-to-noise ratio. The performance of automated detection of bird and bat calls, as measured by its precision and recall, increased significantly with microphone signal-to-noise ratio. Discussion Microphone signal-to-noise ratio is a crucial characteristic of a sound recording system, positively affecting the acoustic sampling performance of birds and bats. It should be maximised by choosing appropriate microphones, and be quantified independently, especially in the ultrasound range.

scholarly journals Signal-to-noise ratio in diffusion-ordered spectroscopy: how good is good enough?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Guest ◽  
Peter Kiraly ◽  
Mathias Nilsson ◽  
Gareth Morris
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Larmor Frequency ◽  
Time Averaging ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Peak Widths ◽  
And Diffusion

Abstract. Diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) constructs multidimensional spectra displaying signal strength as a function of Larmor frequency and of diffusion coefficient from experimental measurements using pulsed field gradient spin or stimulated echoes. Peak positions in the diffusion domain are determined by diffusion coefficients estimated by fitting experimental data to some variant of the Stejskal-Tanner equation, with the peak widths determined by the standard error estimated in the fitting process. The accuracy and reliability of the diffusion domain in DOSY spectra are therefore determined by the uncertainties in the experimental data, and thus in part by the signal-to-noise ratio of the experimental spectra measured. Here the Cramér-Rao lower bound, Monte Carlo methods and experimental data are used to investigate the relationship between signal-to-noise ratio, experimental parameters, and diffusion domain accuracy in 2D DOSY experiments. Experimental results confirm that sources of error other than noise put an upper limit on the improvement in diffusion domain accuracy obtainable by time averaging.

scholarly journals Signal-to-noise ratio in diffusion-ordered spectroscopy: how good is good enough?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 733-739
Author(s):  
Jamie Guest ◽  
Peter Kiraly ◽  
Mathias Nilsson ◽  
Gareth A. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Larmor Frequency ◽  
Time Averaging ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Peak Widths ◽  
And Diffusion

Abstract. Diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) constructs multidimensional spectra displaying signal strength as a function of Larmor frequency and of diffusion coefficient from experimental measurements using pulsed field gradient spin or stimulated echoes. Peak positions in the diffusion domain are determined by diffusion coefficients estimated by fitting experimental data to some variant of the Stejskal–Tanner equation, with the peak widths determined by the standard error estimated in the fitting process. The accuracy and reliability of the diffusion domain in DOSY spectra are therefore determined by the uncertainties in the experimental data and thus in part by the signal-to-noise ratio of the experimental spectra measured. Here the Cramér–Rao lower bound, Monte Carlo methods, and experimental data are used to investigate the relationship between signal-to-noise ratio, experimental parameters, and diffusion domain accuracy in 2D DOSY experiments. Experimental results confirm that sources of error other than noise put an upper limit on the improvement in diffusion domain accuracy obtainable by time averaging.

scholarly journals Ultrasound Images Registration Based on Optimal Feature Descriptor Using Speeded Up Robust Feature

2020 ◽  
pp. 2395-2407
Author(s):  
Hawra’a Lateef Joey ◽  
Ahlam Hanoon Al-sudani ◽  
Maher Faik Esmaile
Keyword(s):  
Image Registration ◽  
Execution Time ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Reference Image ◽  
Feature Descriptor ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
The Us ◽  
Noise Ratio

Image registration plays a significant role in the medical image processing field. This paper proposes a development on the accuracy and performance of the Speeded-Up Robust Surf (SURF) algorithm to create Extended Field of View (EFoV) Ultrasound (US) images through applying different matching measures. These measures include Euclidean distance, cityblock distance, variation, and correlation in the matching stage that was built in the SURF algorithm. The US image registration (fusion) was implemented depending on the control points obtained from the used matching measures. The matched points with higher frequency algorithm were proposed in this work to perform and enhance the EFoV for the US images, since the maximum accurate matching points would have been selected. The resulted fused images of these applied methods were evaluated subjectively and objectively. The objective assessment was conducted by calculating the execution time, peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), and signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the registered images and the reference image which was fused manually by a physician. The results showed that the cityblock distance has the best result since it has the highest PSNR and SNR in addition to the lowest execution time.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Clinical Decision Support Application Software Tool for Dose Management Procedure in SPECT

2017 ◽  
pp. 275-280
Author(s):  
Issahaku Shirazu ◽  
Theophilus Sackey ◽  
Mary Boadu ◽  
Ernest Kojo Eduful ◽  
Edem Sosu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Application Software ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Dose Optimisation ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

SPECT is a nuclear medicine tomographic imaging technique which uses gamma rays to produce images from a radioactive source. The source is either administered or injected into the patient and an attached computer process the information as an image. In medical imaging procedure, patients radiation dose are manage through appropriate dose optimisation protocol by various imaging centers. The protocol is designed to establish a balance between the injected activity and the quality of images produced. The aim of the study is to determine and design a GUI of the relationship between patient’s radiation dose from the injected activities and the image quality based on the signal to noise ratio. The study procedure involved three processes, the injected activities, which is administered to patients based on age, weight and gender, the process imaging technique based on image reconstruction method and the image quality, based on signal to noise ratio. Minitab statistical application tool was used to design a comprehensive clinical support application software based on mathematical model of patient’s preclinical information and administered activity. This was done by using experimental analytical modeling technique to determine BSI, from measured body height and weight based on age and gender. The Minitab regression modeling technique was then used to model the relationship between administered activities (potential patient dose) based on age and weight and image quality based on signal to noise ratio (SNR). So that with known patient’s height and weight and the injected activity, pre-imaging input parameters are determined, enabling dose estimate parameters to be predicted before the beginning of the imaging procedure. These were done in order to predict the expected SNR that will be good enough to answer all the clinical questions from the administered activities. This enable dose optimisation protocol to be established using a comprehensive clinical decision support application software for clinical application in SPECT imaging.

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