Retraction of “Environmental Attributes Correlating with Density of Blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima) Shrubs in the Spring Mountains of Southern Nevada” (2003) and “Soil Compaction from Human Trampling, Biking, and off-Road Motor Vehicle Activity in a Blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima) Shrubland” (2004)

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-139
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Southern Nevada ◽  
Environmental Attributes ◽  
Spring Mountains ◽  
Vehicle Activity ◽  
Coleogyne Ramosissima ◽  
Human Trampling

An Analysis of Pro-Environmental Attributes towards Adolescents in Penang Using Extended Theory of Planned Behaviour

2015 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 419-424
Author(s):  
Nur Khairiyah Basri ◽  
Nur Sabahiah Abdul Sukor ◽  
Sitti Asmah binti Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Environmental Attributes ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
The Individual

The energy consumption in transportation sector was mostly created by the individual likeness to use private motor vehicle. High dependency on private motor vehicles has contributed not only to the traffic problem but also accounted to carbon emission. This study aims to investigate the psychological factors that influencing the adolescents’ intention to be more pro-environmental. This study found that the behavioural intention was significantly influenced by the adolescents’ awareness towards consequences, attitude towards environment and public transport, the sentiment of moral obligation to change, and the perceived possibilities or difficulty to practice environmental friendly travel behaviour.

scholarly journals Regeneration dynamics of Great Basin bristlecone pine in southern Nevada

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 589-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Burton ◽  
Jesy Simons ◽  
Steve Brittingham ◽  
Daniel B. Thompson ◽  
Darin W. Brooks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Basin ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regeneration Dynamics ◽  
Heat Load Index ◽  
Southern Nevada ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Bristlecone Pine ◽  
Spring Mountains

Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva D.K. Bailey) is an important and long-lived tree species found at high elevations in the interior southwest of the United States, but little is known about its regeneration requirements and response to disturbance. We conducted extensive surveys of seedling regeneration and environmental attributes of regeneration sites in undisturbed forest dominated by this species in the Spring Mountains of southern Nevada. Additional surveys tallied new seedling densities and site attributes 4 years after a wildfire in the same area. Seedlings, saplings, and juvenile trees were less abundant than adult trees in the unburned forest, and soils had lower bulk density and greater depth, moisture, and soil organic matter under adult trees than in open areas. Seedling distributions in both unburned and burned forest showed a negative relationship to a heat load index governed by aspect. The density of new seedlings after the fire was negatively related to distance from unburned forest edges. Seedlings were found in clusters and were associated with adult trees (live or dead) in both unburned and burned stands. Seedling emergence from animal-dispersed caches was more frequent in burned habitats than in unburned habitats. These natural regeneration dynamics provide potential guidance for restoration efforts in this ecosystem.

Variability in Real-World Activity Patterns of Heavy-Duty Vehicles by Vocation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (9) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Scora ◽  
Kanok Boriboonsomsin ◽  
Thomas D. Durbin ◽  
Kent Johnson ◽  
Seungju Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Mobile Source ◽  
Vehicle Activity ◽  
Heavy Duty Vehicles

Vehicle activity is an integral component in the estimation of mobile source emissions and the study of emission inventories. In the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES) model and the California Air Resources Board’s (CARB’s) Emission Factor (EMFAC) model, vehicle activity is defined for source types, in which vehicles within a source type are assumed to have the same activity. In both of these models, source types for heavy-duty vehicles are limited in number and the assumption that the activity within these source types is similar may be inaccurate. The focus of this paper is to improve vehicle emission estimates by improving characterization of heavy-duty vehicle activity using vehicle vocation. This paper presents results and analysis from the collection of real-world activity data of 90 vehicles from 19 vehicle categories made up from a combination of vehicle vocation, gross vehicle weight, and geographical area— namely, line haul—out of state; line haul—in state; drayage—Northern California; drayage—Southern California; agricultural—Southern Central Valley; heavy construction; concrete mixers; food distribution; beverage distribution; local moving; airport shuttle; refuse; urban buses; express buses; freeway work; sweeping; municipal work; towing; and utility repair. Results show that real-world activity patterns of heavy-duty vehicles vary greatly by vocation and in some cases by geographic region. Vocation-specific activity information can be used to update assumptions in EPA’s MOVES model or CARB’s EMFAC model to address this variability in emission inventory development.

Energy Consumption and Emissions Modeling of Individual Vehicles

2017 ◽  
Vol 2627 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall Guensler ◽  
Haobing Liu ◽  
Yanzhi (Ann) Xu ◽  
Alper Akanser ◽  
Daejin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Emissions Modeling ◽  
Vehicle Activity ◽  
Fuel Consumption And Emissions

This study demonstrated an approach to modeling individual vehicle second-by-second fuel consumption and emissions on the basis of vehicle operations. The approach used the Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES)–Matrix, a high-performance vehicle emissions modeling system consisting of a multidimensional array of vehicle emissions rates (pulled directly from EPA’s MOVES emissions model) that could be quickly queried by other models to generate an applicable emissions rate for any specified on-road fleet and operating conditions. For this project, the research team developed a spreadsheet-based MOVES-Matrix calculator to simplify connecting vehicle activity data with multidimensional emissions rates from MOVES-Matrix. This paper provides a walk-through of the calculation procedures, from basic vehicle information and driving cycles to second-by-second emissions rates. The individual vehicle emissions modeling framework was incorporated into Commute Warrior, a trademarked travel survey application for Android smartphones, to provide real-time fuel consumption and emissions rate estimates from concurrently obtained GPS-based speed data.

scholarly journals Preliminary Measurement of Pb Concentration in the Jawi River Region City of Pontianak

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Winardi
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Monday Morning ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Preliminary Measurement ◽  
River Region ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Vehicle Activity ◽  
Pb Concentration

Pb concentration in the air mostly come from motor vehicle exhaust. There is a correlation between the levels of activity of motor vehicles with Pb concentration in the air. Research which is a combination of field and laboratory research is seeing Pb concentrations in the air at  Jalan H. Rais A. Rahman, Sei Jawi Dalam Pontianak which is one of the areas with the densest vehicle activity in Pontianak, in different variations and then compared with the standard quality. This study consists of three variations, namely variations days (Monday till Sunday); variations in time (morning, afternoon, evening); height variation (1 m, 1.5 m, 2 m) were determined on the day and the maximum time to see the horizontal dispersion concentration of Pb in the air. With comparative and tabulation method and sought the maximum Pb concentration in time, the day and altitude. Based on the research results, obtained maximum Pb concentration in the morning and the minimum in the afternoon, except on Friday and Saturday, where the concentration of  Pb afternoon more than the concentration in the afternoon. At the time of maximum Pb concentration morning on Monday and the minimum on Sunday. Tests were carried out on Monday morning, said that a Pb concentrated at a height of ± 1.5 meters from the ground is 4.130 ppm.

How Many Trajectories Are Needed to Develop Facility- and Speed-Specific Vehicle-Specific Power Distributions for Emission Estimation? Case Study in Beijing

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (11) ◽  
pp. 779-790
Author(s):  
Zeyu Zhang ◽  
Guohua Song ◽  
Zhiqiang Zhai ◽  
Chenxu Li ◽  
Yizheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Emission Estimation ◽  
Vehicle Activity ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles ◽  
Mean Square Errors

Vehicle-specific power (VSP) distributions, or operating mode (OpMode) distributions, are one of the most important parameters in VSP-based emission models, such as the motor vehicle emission simulator (MOVES) model. The collection of second-by-second vehicle activity data is required to develop facility- and speed-specific (FaSS) VSP distributions. This then raises the problem of how many trajectories are needed to develop FaSS VSP distributions for emission estimation. This study attempts to investigate the adaptive sample size for developing robust VSP distributions for emission estimations for light-duty vehicles. First, vehicle activity data are divided into trajectories and categorized into different trajectory pools. Then, the uncertainty of FaSS VSP distribution caused by sample size is analyzed. Further, the relationship between VSP distribution sample size and emission factor uncertainty is discussed. The case study indicates that error in developing FaSS VSP distributions decreases significantly with increased sample size. In different speed bins, the sample size required to develop robust FaSS VSP distributions and estimate emission factors is significantly different. In detail, in each speed bin, for a 90% confidence level, 30 trajectories (1,800 s) are enough to develop robust FaSS VSP distributions for light-duty vehicles with the root mean square errors (RMSEs) lower than 2%, which means errors in calculating fuel consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are lower than 5%. However, 35 trajectories (2,100 s) are needed to estimate emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOX), and hydrocarbons (HC) with an estimation error lower than 5%.

Historical Changes in Acid Precipitation and Heavy Metals Deposition Originating from Fossil Fuel Combustion in Eastern North America as Revealed by Lake Sediment Geochemistry

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 115-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ouellet ◽  
H G Jones
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Acid Precipitation ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Sediment Geochemistry ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuel Combustion ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Vehicle Activity

The present study deals with the geochemical stratigraphic evolution of the most recent sediments in lakes of Eastern Canada (Quebec). In particular, the sediments from two representative soft water lakes (Tantare and Laflamme) in “undisturbed” watersheds on the southern edge of the Precambrian Shield were studied. The increase in A1 in the sediments of Lake Tantare since about 1950 is attributed to the processes of surface water acidification of this watershed induced by acid precipitation. The analogous upper strata of the sediments from Lake Laflamme, a non-acidified lake, show no such increase in Al content. Pb, Zn and Hg levels in the sediments increased significantly from 1940 onwards. However, the subsequent reduction in the stratigraphic concentration of Zn since 1960 in both Lake Tantare and Lake Laflamme is, in all probability, the result of the important decrease of the total particulate emissions to the atmosphere from coal-fired plants. The same phenomenon may also explain Hg decrease during the same period. In contrast, Pb shows no such reduction in the more recent strata and the sustained increase of this element in the sediments is attributed to the progression in motor vehicle activity during the past twenty years. Further data from other isolated lakes suggest that the major sources of heavy metal deposition and acid precipitation in the Province of Quebec are the emissions from fossil fuel combustion (coal and/or motor fuel) originating in the heavily industrialized American Midwest and Great-Lakes Regions.

scholarly journals Gambaran Kadar HbCO dalam Darah pada Masyarakat Dusun Gemeling, Gedangan, Sidoarjo

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devita Rahmah Pratiwi ◽  
Hadi Suryono ◽  
Demes Nurmayanti
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
Vehicle Activity ◽  
Oxygen Bond

Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the toxic pollutants which is resulted from the emission of mobile sources and immovable sources. The inhaled CO will go into the lungs then into the bloodstrea. For instance, it will compete with oxygen to bind the hemoglobin. CO-hemoglobin bond forms hemoglobin carboxy (HbCO) which is 200-300 times stronger than the oxygen bond with Hb. As consequence,  oxygen is pushed out from its bond with Hb. This study aims to determine the description of blood HbCO levels in the community of Demeling Hamlet due to CO exposure from roads located in Gedangan and cooking oil factory nearby.This research is descriptive research with cross sectional approach. Samples of HbCO in blood were taken from 12 housewives aas respondets who domiciled in Dusun Demeling and samples of CO in the air (5 points). Technique of sampling in this study used technique of Purposive Sampling. Data collected is analyzed using tabulation descriptively in the form of tables.The results showed that HbCO levels in the blood of respondents living nearby Gedangan had an average of 9.98% and respondents living close to the cooking oil factory with an average of 8.68%. Average of ambient CO levels in the air around Gedangan was 11456.04 μg / Nm3 and area near the cooking oil factory was 2063.07 μg / Nm3. Respondents aged > 40 years had an average HbCO in blood of 11.54% and the age of ≤40 years had an average of 6.24%.Respondents living> 5 years had an average HbCO of 9.34%. Respondents whose location near Gedangan roads had average HbCO levels higher than respondents near the cooking oil factory because motor vehicle activity lasts for 24 hours. At last, to reduce CO content in the ambient air, it is hoped that people can create green environment by planting plants around their house. Keywords       : HbCO content, Carbon monoxide, Road

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