scholarly journals Predicting the onset of hazardous alcohol drinking in primary care: development and validation of a simple risk algorithm

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (657) ◽  
pp. e280-e292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Ángel Bellón ◽  
Juan de Dios Luna ◽  
Michael King ◽  
Irwin Nazareth ◽  
Emma Motrico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Risk Algorithm ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol

BackgroundLittle is known about the risk of progressing to hazardous alcohol use in abstinent or low-risk drinkers.Aim To develop and validate a simple brief risk algorithm for the onset of hazardous alcohol drinking (HAD) over 12 months for use in primary care.Design and setting Prospective cohort study in 32 health centres from six Spanish provinces, with evaluations at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months.MethodForty-one risk factors were measured and multilevel logistic regression and inverse probability weighting were used to build the risk algorithm. The outcome was new occurrence of HAD during the study, as measured by the AUDIT.ResultsFrom the lists of 174 GPs, 3954 adult abstinent or low-risk drinkers were recruited. The ‘predictAL-10’ risk algorithm included just nine variables (10 questions): province, sex, age, cigarette consumption, perception of financial strain, having ever received treatment for an alcohol problem, childhood sexual abuse, AUDIT-C, and interaction AUDIT-C*Age. The c-index was 0.886 (95% CI = 0.854 to 0.918). The optimal cutoff had a sensitivity of 0.83 and specificity of 0.80. Excluding childhood sexual abuse from the model (the ‘predictAL-9’), the c-index was 0.880 (95% CI = 0.847 to 0.913), sensitivity 0.79, and specificity 0.81. There was no statistically significant difference between the c-indexes of predictAL-10 and predictAL-9.ConclusionThe predictAL-10/9 is a simple and internally valid risk algorithm to predict the onset of hazardous alcohol drinking over 12 months in primary care attendees; it is a brief tool that is potentially useful for primary prevention of hazardous alcohol drinking.

Effects of Hazardous Alcohol use on Neurocognition in HIV Positive Individuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S639-S639
Author(s):  
G. Spies ◽  
G. Hoddinott ◽  
N. Beyers ◽  
S. Seedat
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol

IntroductionThere is significant evidence that HIV is brain degenerative and long-term infection can impair cognitive functioning. In South Africa, alcohol remains the dominant substance of abuse and lifetime alcohol dependence has been found to impair memory, executive function and visuospatial capabilities. The individual liability of alcohol and HIV on neurocognitive function have been well demonstrated, however there is relatively little evidence of the potentially aggravating effects of this dual burden on neurocognitive outcomes.ObjectivesThe present study is ongoing and sought to identify the effects of hazardous alcohol use on neurocognitive functioning in the context of HIV infection.AimsTo describe the association between HIV and harmful alcohol use on neuropsychological test performance in a cohort of adults in the Western Cape of South africa.Methodsparticipants (n = 50) were tested using a battery of neuropsychological tests sensitive to the effects of HIV on the brain. Self-reported alcohol use was recorded using the alcohol use identification test (AUDIT). Results The sample consisted of 47 females and 3 males. All participants were HIV-positive and on antiretroviral therapy. A total of 23 (46%) participants reported no alcohol use and 27 (54%) reported drinking alcohol on the AUDIT.Resultsrevealed a significant difference between groups on the Stroop colour word test, with poorer performance evident among the alcohol users (P = 0.008).ConclusionAlcohol use in the context of HIV infection contributes to poorer executive function. These preliminary data provide evidence for a synergistic relationship between HIV infection and alcohol use.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Childhood Sexual Experiences with Adults: Adult Male Psychiatric Patients and General Practice Attenders

1994 ◽  
Vol 165 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Palmer ◽  
David Bramble ◽  
Michael Metcalfe ◽  
Rhoda Oppenheimer ◽  
Jennifer Smith
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Sexual Experiences ◽  
Significant Difference

BackgroundSexual abuse of male children is now believed to be common, and there may be links to adult psychiatric disorders.MethodRecollections of sexual experiences with adults in childhood were studied systematically in 115 men attending general practice surgeries and 100 male psychiatric patients.ResultsThe latter reported more frequent and more serious events before the age of 13 than the general practice attenders. No significant difference was detected for events between the ages of 13 and 15.ConclusionsChildhood sexual abuse before the age of 13 may be associated with later psychiatric disorders, although the nature of the association remains uncertain.

Exploration of mental health outcomes of community-based intervention programs for adult male survivors of childhood sexual abuse

Groupwork ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-84
Author(s):  
Sung Hyun Yun ◽  
Lydia Fiorini
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Male Survivors ◽  
Significant Difference

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of clinical treatment for male survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) who deal with depression, anxiety, stress, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Secondary data was used in the study, and a one-group pretest-posttest design was employed to compare pretest (n = 346) with posttest (n = 91) scores. The analysis shows statistically significant improvements with respect to depression, anxiety, stress, and PTSD after treatment. There was no statistically significant difference between individual and mixed treatment (including group and individual counselling) regarding alleviating mental health symptoms. Despite a lack of statistical difference between treatments, the results confirm that interventions were equally effective in reducing negative mental health symptoms. The study contributes to the generation of evidence-based knowledge for treatment and its ability to reduce negative mental health symptoms for adult male survivors of CSA. It also informs practitioners of the utility of a male-specific treatment modality based on trauma-focused cognitive and behavioral therapies (TF-CBT) and the gender role strain paradigm (GRSP).Key Words: Adult Male Survivors, Childhood Sexual Abuse, Mental Health, Evaluation

scholarly journals Prevalence of hazardous alcohol use among Spanish primary care providers

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esperanza Romero-Rodríguez ◽  
◽  
Luis Ángel Pérula de Torres ◽  
Juan Manuel Parras Rejano ◽  
Fernando Leiva-Cepas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Primary Care Providers ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol

scholarly journals Childhood Sexual Abuse: A Call to Action in Pediatric Primary Care

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. e20193327
Author(s):  
Lea Ghastine ◽  
Anna J. Kerlek ◽  
Jack A. Kopechek
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Pediatric Primary Care ◽  
Call To Action

Differences in Childhood Sexual Abuse Experience Between Adult Hispanic and Anglo Women in a Primary Care Setting

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Katerndahl ◽  
Sandra K. Burge ◽  
Nancy Kellogg ◽  
Juan M. Parra
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Primary Care Setting

scholarly journals ALCOHOL USE SCREENING AND INTEGRATED BEHAVIORAL HEALTH IN GERIATRIC PRIMARY CARE IN THE DEEP SOUTH

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S933-S933
Author(s):  
Bailey Lanai ◽  
Deanna Dragan ◽  
Rebecca S Allen ◽  
Anne Halli-Tierney ◽  
Dana Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Integrated Behavioral Health ◽  
Medical Diagnoses ◽  
Objective Health ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol ◽  
Clinically Significant

Abstract This longitudinal behavioral health surveillance and integrated care project aims to assess physical and mental health and substance use in a geriatric primary care setting. Approximately 230 patients (mean age = 76; 74% female; 16% African American) attending an interdisciplinary geriatrics clinic in Alabama have taken part in baseline behavioral health screenings since 2014. Behavioral health measures include cognitive status, self-reported mood, subjective and objective health literacy, and alcohol use. All measures are administered by clinical psychology graduate students. Patients had an average of 5.83 medical diagnoses. Only 26.2% of patients had scores indicating cognitive functioning within normal limits; 32.6% had scores indicative of mild neurocognitive disorder, and 41.2% had scores indicative of dementia. Over 80% of patients had adequate self-reported health literacy; however, measurements of objective health literacy indicated a significant number of individuals have difficulty following medical directions independently. Over 30% of patients reported clinically significant levels of depression or anxiety, and 16.5% of patients reported at least one indicator of hazardous alcohol use. Specifically, 50.7% of patients consume alcohol on at least a yearly basis with 38.2% endorsing at least one problematic drinking behavior and 11.6% scoring in the clinically significant range for alcohol misuse. Moreover, 22.7% report use of opioid pain medication. The results of this study demonstrate that routine hazardous alcohol use screening as one component of integrated behavioral health care within geriatric primary care increases detection of hazardous alcohol use among older adults.

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