scholarly journals Use of Derris trifoliata (Leguminosae) Root Extracts for Fishpond Management

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
FLORENTINO C. SUMERA ◽  
MARLON T. CONATO
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Sodium Cyanide ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Commercial Source ◽  
Fishpond Management

This study aims to determine whether Derris trifoliata (Leguminosae) locally known as “sila-sila”, can be used in a formulation for fishpond management, compared with the usual commercial source “tubli” (Derris elliptica, Leguminosae). Thus, prior to the formulation of the root extracts, the rotenone content of the roots of Derris trifoliata was determined and compared to two other Derris species, one of which is Derris elliptica. Of the three derris species, D. trifoliata was found to have the lowest rotenone content of 0.019% compared to that of Derris elliptica’s 5.09%. Although D. trifoliata has very low rotenone content, the extract of its root bark and formulation with acetone resulted in 1 L formulations with comparable toxicity as that of D. elliptica or that of a commercial insecticide (illegally used as piscicide). For example, formulations from about 15 kg of root or root bark and 20 L of acetone as extractant produced formulations of about 10 x 1 L for D. trifoliata (rotenone conc. = 0.180 mg•ml-1) and 12 x 1 L for D. elliptica (rotenone conc. = 4.90 mg•ml-1). Both formulations can kill fish such as Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae) fingerlings within 30 minutes comparable to a commercial insecticide Telothion 40. The median lethal concentration of the formulation for a 96-hour bioassay against O. niloticus for D. trifoliata was LC50 = 0.03 ppt while for D. elliptica, LC50 = 0.005 ppt. Sensitivity of nine different unwanted fishes near the location of the test fishponds was determined using a D. trifoliata reconstituted formulation. The unwanted fishes appeared more sensitive during summer months when the salinity of water was higher than during the rainy months when the salinity was much lower. Different species of unwanted fishes at different life stages appeared to have different tolerance to the toxicity of the extract. Application of the different formulations previously bioassayed was successful in cleaning several fishponds from unwanted fishes. Cost analysis showed that fish farmers (whose fishponds are located near colonies of D. trifoliata plants) could economize by using extracts of this Derris plant instead of insecticides harmful to the environment or dangerous poisons like sodium cyanide.

scholarly journals Hematological and histo-architectural damages in the kidney and liver of Nile tilapia on exposure to kinalux

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
MTA Nannu ◽  
GM Mostakim ◽  
MH Khatun ◽  
MK Rahman ◽  
MI Sadiqul
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Parallel Control

Study was conducted to assess the histo-architectural damages of kidney and liver and hematological parameters in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after sub-lethal exposure to kinalux. Fish was exposed to two sub-lethal concentrations (10% and 50%, 0.052 and 0.259ppm of median lethal concentration, respectively) of kinalux for 90 days and a parallel control was run simultaneously. Kidney and liver of exposed individuals exhibited some remarkable changes in their histology in comparison to control. Significant changes also occurred in the number of red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC). Duration of exposure appears to have a profound effect on kidney and liver as with increasing duration of exposure histo-architectural damages become more severe.Progressive Agriculture 26 (2): 173-178, 2015

scholarly journals TOKSISITAS AKUT NONILPHENOL PADA STADIA AWAL IKAN NILA, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) DAN IKAN KOMET, Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Yamin ◽  
Eddy Supriyono ◽  
Kukuh Nirmala ◽  
Muhammad Zairin Jr. ◽  
Enang Haris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Range Finding ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus

Ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) dan ikan komet (Carassius auratus) adalah komoditas ikan konsumsi dan ikan hias air tawar yang paling banyak dibudidayakan masyarakat Indonesia. Namun keberadaan bahan pencemar seperti nonilphenol dapat mengancam produktivitas kegiatan budidaya ikan tersebut karena dapat menyebabkan gangguan perkembangan bahkan kematian khususnya pada tahap awal perkembangan ikan (early development stage). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat toksisitas akut median lethal concentration (LC50) nonilphenol pada larva ikan nila dan ikan komet. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Budidaya Ikan Hias (BPPBIH) Depok. Penelitian terdiri atas uji mencari nilai kisaran (range finding test/RFT) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji akut. Level konsentrasi nonilphenol diatur berdasarkan deret logaritmik di mana untuk RFT menggunakan konsentrasi 0,01; 0,10; dan 1,00 mg/L; sedangkan level konsentrasi nonilphenol untuk uji akut ditentukan dari hasil RFT. Hasil analisis probit menujukkan nilai LC50 nonilphenol pada jam ke-96 pada larva ikan nila dan ikan komet berturut-turut berada pada konsentrasi nonilphenol 0,33 dan 0.10 mg/L. Sementara kematian 100% (LC100) larva ikan nila dan ikan komet pada jam ke-96 masing-masing berada pada konsentrasi 0,61 dan 0,50 mg/L. Merujuk pada kriteria toksisitas bahan dari Komisi Pestisida Departemen Pertanian, maka hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nonilphenol tergolong dalam bahan berbahaya dengan daya racun yang sangat tinggi.Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and comet goldfish (Carassius auratus) are the major fresh water fish commodities in Indonesia used for both consumption and ornamental fish. However, production of the fish threatened by the presence of nonylphenol which can interfere with early development stage. Research objectives were to evaluate acute toxicity of nonylphenol to larval of nile tilapia and comet goldfish and to compare median lethal concentration (LC50). Research was carried out in the RDIOF, Depok. Experiments consisted of range finding test/RFT and accute test. Nonylphenol concentrations of RFT were 0.01, 0.10, and 1.00 mg/L. The results showed that LC50-96 hours of tilapia and comet were 0.33 and 0.10 mg/L respectivelly. Total mortality (LC100-96 hours) for tilapia and comet were 0.61 and 0.50 mg/L respectivelly. These results of nonylphenol concentrations, according to toxic level criteria by The Department of Agriculture’s Pesticide Commission, is categorized as dangerous goods with very high level of toxicity.

Acute toxicity and accumulation of microcystin-leucine-arginine in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852)

Crustaceana ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhua An ◽  
Zhenhua An ◽  
Longsheng Sun ◽  
Zhenhua An ◽  
Longsheng Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Toxicity Effect ◽  
Cyanobacteria Blooms

The aim of this study was to determine the acute toxicity effect and the accumulation of microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) on the crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852). Juvenile P. clarkii (5.47 ± 1.3 g) were cultured under 5 different MC-LR concentrations (0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, 4.8 mg/l), then the acute toxicity effect was observed. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of MC-LR on juvenile P. clarkii was 3.741 mg/l at 24 h, 1.494 mg/l at 48 h, 0.817 mg/l at 72 h and 0.567 mg/l at 96 h. Accumulation of MC-LR was measured in different organs of mature P. clarkii (58.7 ± 3.8 g) exposed to 0.3 mg/l MC-LR for 120 h. The detected MC-LR concentration decreased in the sequence: hepatopancreas > ovary > abdominal muscle > intestine. Hepatopancreas and ovary were found to be the main targets of the toxin. The results suggested that the MC-LR produced by cyanobacteria blooms could not only reduce the survival rate of juvenile P. clarkii but also affect the fecundity of mature crayfish. This research also provides a reference basis for the detection and assessment of the pollution of water bodies in P. clarkii culture.

scholarly journals Fumigant toxicity of some essential oils against Red Flour Beetles, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and its safety to mammals

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-776
Author(s):  
T. M. Sileem ◽  
A. L. Mehany ◽  
R. S. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Garlic Oil ◽  
Garlic Essential Oil

Abstract Fumigant activities for three essential oils; Garlic oil (Allium sativum L); Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and Nigella (Nigella sativa L.) were assessed at different concentrations against the adult and 20-days old larval stages of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in the laboratory. The accumulative mortality was observed at different exposure periods (3, 5 and 7 days). The residual effect of garlic oil that was the effective oil, on the treated wheat grains was evaluated with respect to histological changes in the liver, kidney, and stomach of rat fed on this treated wheat. The results showed that the mortality rates of treated stages increased with increasing the time of fumigation treatment. Moreover the highest essential oils toxicity at the Median lethal concentration (LC50) values for exposure periods (3, 5 and 7 days) to fumigation were (126, 53, and 47 mg/L air) for adult stage and were (79, 62, and 41 mg/L air) for larval stage, respectively in the case of Garlic oil treatment. While, the lowest essential oils effective was Nigella oil at the Median lethal concentration (LC50) values for exposure periods (3, 5 and 7 days) to fumigation were (3594, 629, and 335 mg/L air) for adult stage and were (1040, 416, and 227 mg/L air) for larval stage, respectively. The toxicity effect of various essential oils against adults and larvae of T. castaneum at the LC50at 7 days fumigation could be arranged in descending order as follows: Garlic oil, Chili pepper oil, and Nigella oil. The histological changes showed that the organs slightly affected at the fumigation for 3 days. It may be concluded that the garlic essential oil is the good effective fumigant to control T. castaneum in the stored products and it recommended that the fumigation period does not exceed 3 days. The garlic essential oil has the potential for applications in IPM programs for stored-grain pests because of its high volatility and fumigant activity and its safety.

The Susceptibility of various Species of Mosquitos to DDT, Dieldrin and BHC

1955 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Wharton
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Anopheles Maculipennis ◽  
Culex Pipiens Molestus ◽  
Filter Papers

The susceptibility of various mosquitos to DDT, dieldrin and BHC has been studied. Adult females were exposed in small tubes lined with filter papers impregnated with insecticide-oil solutions. Larvae were exposed to insecticideacetone suspensions in water.Adult mosquitos tested in London showed no striking differences in susceptibility to DDT, though the median lethal concentration (MLC) of Culex pipiens molestus Forsk. (1·6 per cent.) was greater than the MLC of Aëdes aegypti (L.) (0·9), Anopheles maculipennis var. atroparvusvan Thiel (1·0), or A. quadrimaculatus Say (·7). C. p. molestus and Aë. aegypti showed the same order of susceptibility to dieldrin and BHC, with Anopheles m. atroparvus more susceptible to both insecticides.

In vitro antioxidant and anti-arthritic effect of the aqueous and ethanolic leaf and root bark extract of Alafia barteri

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Ikeoluwapo Olanike Kolawole ◽  
◽  
Osareti Albert Taiwo Ebuehi ◽  
Esther Ayomide Awoyera ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Eye Infections ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Alafia barteri (Apocynaceae) is a climbing shrub having white or pink flowers. Traditionally, it has been used to treat diseases like malaria, sickle cell anemia, and eye infections. This research is focused on investigating the antioxidant and anti-arthritic activities of the aqueous and ethanol leaf and root extract of Alafia barteri plant in vitro. In-vitro antioxidant methods used were 2, 2 -diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, reducing power activity and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay while the anti-arthritic activity was studied using the assay method of protein denaturation. Results revealed that aqueous and ethanol root extracts scavenge free radicals, thus inhibiting damage caused by oxidative stress in arthritis while the ethanol extracts of both the leaf and roots had good anti-arthritic activities as seen in its ability to decrease protein denaturation.

Ecotoxicological assays to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) of formalin for fish

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Roberta Tancredo ◽  
José Victor Ferrarezi ◽  
Natália da Costa Marchiori ◽  
Maurício Laterça Martins
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Ecotoxicological Assays
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