Imaging materials. Photographic film and paper. Determination of curl

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Photographic Film

DETERMINATION OF TRANSFER FUNCTIONS OF MCP-200 ALLOY USING 6 MV PHOTON BEAM FOR BEAM INTENSITY MODULATION

2004 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 305-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD MAQBOOL
Keyword(s):  
Linear Accelerator ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Intensity Modulation ◽  
Beam Intensity ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Photon Beam ◽  
Photographic Film ◽  
Optimum Dose

Transfer functions of MCP-200 alloy were determined for beam intensity modulation. 6 MV Photon beam, obtained from linear accelerator, is attenuated by blocks of MCP-200 alloy with different thicknesses placed at a distance of one meter from the source. The attenuated beam was allowed to fall on photographic film and optical densities were measured. Films were scanned and profiles were obtained for different thicknesses of the alloy and in the absence of any attenuator. Transfer functions were obtained theoretically as well as analytically by fitting the experimental results into theoretical data. The whole work was completed using optimum dose units and found to be 30 cGy.

scholarly journals Photometric determination of aqueous cobalt (II), nickel (II), copper (II) and iron (III) with 1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid disodium salt in gelatin films

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1617-1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Reshetnyak ◽  
Nataliia Ivchenko ◽  
Nataliya Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Isoelectric Point ◽  
Electrostatic Interaction ◽  
Photometric Determination ◽  
Disodium Salt ◽  
Photographic Film ◽  
Disulfonic Acid ◽  
Gelatin Films

AbstractPhotometric determination of aqueous Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Fe(III) was performed using indicator films prepared by immobilization of 1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid disodium salt (NRS) into hardened photographic film. Immobilization was based on electrostatic interaction of reagent and metal complexes with the gelatin. The isoelectric point pH of hardened gelatin (4.46±0.04) was evaluated by viscometry. Co(II), Fe(III), Ni(II) form 1:3 complexes with NRS in gelatin at pH 2 and Cu(II) forms 1:2 complexes. Their log β′ values were: Co-6.7, Fe-8.6, Cu-8.0, and Ni-6.4. The absorption maxima were: 370nm for NRS, and 430nm, 470nm, 495nm and 720nm for complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Fe(III). An algorithm for their simultaneous determination using the indicator films was developed. The detection limits were: clim(Co2+) = 0.45×10−5 M, clim(Fe3+) = 0.50×10−5 M, clim(Cu2+) = 0.67×10−5 M, clim(Ni2+) = 0.75×10−5 M,; and their sum clim(ΣMn+) = 0.82×10−5 M.

scholarly journals ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ГАЗОРОЗРЯДНОГО СВІТІННЯ ПАЛЬЦІВ РУК ЛЮДИНИ ПРИ РІЗНИХ ТИПАХ ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Pesotskaia ◽  
N. V. Hlukhova ◽  
T. O. Tretiak ◽  
O. V. Pysarevskaia ◽  
M. H. Hetman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Tests ◽  
Photographic Film ◽  
Color Film ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Analog To Digital Conversion ◽  
Constitutional Type ◽  
Scanned Images ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University

There were 52 healthy people. Of them, 28 were in junior courses and 24 were in senior courses. According to the results of psychological tests there were identified three types of thinking: visual-figurative and verbal-logical, intuitive. Kirlian photographs of the surveyed individuals fingers in the experimental device «REC 1» were done. The method of acquiring, processing, and subsequent analysis included analog-to-digital conversion Kirlian images to highlight areas of illumination of the individual fingers, binarization of images with the threshold brightness, calculation of the area of corona glow. The obtained results complemented results of psychological tests, revealed mixed types of thinking, their expression, the dependence of the period of study at the university. To identify the emotional characteristics of the students associated with the constitutional type of the individual, selectively kronograf research on Polarod color photographic film with computer processing of scanned images carried out. Check radiation around the fingers of people surveyed in the color film, determination of the ratios of colors in the image, their energy allowed to determine the type of emotional activation of student body's potential abilities that affects motivation and optimize learning at the university.

Advances in strain measurement using electron-backscatter diffraction in the Scanning Electron Microscope

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 602-603
Author(s):  
D. J. Dingley
Keyword(s):  
Strain Measurement ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Electron Back Scatter Diffraction ◽  
Photographic Film ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Television Camera ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

The technique of electron back scatter diffraction, EBSD, is well established for measurement of crystal orientation in bulk polycrystalline samples. Analytical procedures for determining crystal phase from them have also been established. In addition several papers have been published describing the application of the method for strain measurement. In these latter studies the EBSPs were recorded on photographic film and all measurements made after digitising the patterns and transferring the data to a SEMPER image processing package. Strain measurement was based on determination of the diffuseness of the diffraction pattern. In the present studies analysis was carried out on digitised television images of the diffraction patterns imaged live on a phosphor screen.EBSPs were obtained in a JEOL 6400 SEM fitted with a tungsten filament. The patterns were imaged on a P20/P40 phosphor directly coupled through a coherent fibre optic bundle to a SIT low light level television camera with 700 line resolution.

The Determination of Zinc Oxide in Rubber Vulcanizates by X-Ray Diffraction

1960 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 890-898
Author(s):  
Stephen H. Laning ◽  
Melvin P. Wagner ◽  
John W. Sellers
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Zinc Stearate ◽  
Photographic Film ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
X Ray

Abstract Zinc oxide is a necessary component in most accelerator-sulfur vulcanization systems. While it is not an accelerator, its presence leads to increased modulus, i.e., tighter cures. The manner in which it can effect this better cure is not completely clear. Some insight into the role of zinc oxide has been gained through the analysis of the vulcanizate for reaction products of zinc, such as zinc stearate, the zinc salts of the accelerators, and zinc sulfide. However, these products may not account for all of the zinc oxide which has reacted. An analytical method for the direct determination of unreacted zinc oxide in vulcanizates was therefore needed. The determination of zinc oxide in rubber vulcanizates has received scant attention. Wet-chemical techniques for analysis of the sample after ashing provide only the total amount of zinc from which the amount of unreacted zinc oxide cannot be determined. Endter has reported the use of the Debye-Scherrer x-ray technique for the identification of zinc oxide in rubber samples. While similar to the method developed in this laboratory, Endter employed photographic film for recording the diffraction pattern, and special sample preparation was required to accommodate the photographic technique. This method was satisfactory for qualitative identification of zinc oxide, but was difficult to use for quantitative analysis. Subsequent to this investigation Hagino et al. described the use of x-ray diffractometry for the determination of the mixing ratio of ingredients compounded in rubber. This method was also suggested for the quantitative analysis of zinc oxide, but no studies were reported. During a study in this laboratory to determine the role of zinc oxide in the vulcanization of rubber, a new analytical method, based on x-ray diffractometry, was developed. The method was rapid, nondestructive, and simple. The data were reliable and accurate.

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