Thermoelastic buckling. An unstable thermodynamic equilibrium at minimum entropy

1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-140
Author(s):  
Maurice Anthony Biot
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Minimum Entropy ◽  
Thermoelastic Buckling

scholarly journals AN ASTROPHYSICAL BASIS FOR A UNIVERSAL ORIGIN OF LIFE

2003 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 487-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
STIRLING A. COLGATE ◽  
STEEN RASMUSSEN ◽  
JOHNDALE C. SOLEM ◽  
KLAUS LACKNER
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Information Content ◽  
Thermodynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Minimum Entropy ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Rocky Planets

We propose a universal, astrophysically based theory of the origin of life on Earth and on other rocky planets as well. Life is an information system where the information content grows because of selection. It must start with the minimum possible information, or the minimum possible departure from thermodynamic equilibrium. It also requires thermodynamically free energy that is accessible by means of its information content. Hence, for its origin, we look for the most benign circumstance or minimum entropy variations over long times with abundant free energy. The unique location for this condition is the pore space in the first few kilometers of the earth's surface. The free energy is derived from the condensed products of the chemical reactions taking place in the cooling nebula e.g. iron oxides and fixed hydrocarbon, ( CH 2)16 and the benign environment is the thermal and radiation isolation of the earth's crust. We discuss how this environment occurs naturally and universally astrophysically. We then propose several chemical routes to the formation of life with a minimum entropy departure from thermodynamic equilibrium.

Multi- and In-Stabilities in Gas Partitioning Between Nanoporous Materials and Rubber Balloons

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory Simon ◽  
carlo carraro
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Stable States ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Adsorbed Gas ◽  
Rubber Balloon ◽  
Balloon Size ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Balloon Experiment ◽  
Adsorbent System ◽  
Balloon System

<div>In the two-balloon experiment, two rubber balloons are connected and allowed to exchange gas. Owing to the non-monotonic relationship between the radius of the balloon and the pressure of gas inside of it, the two-balloon system presents multi- and in-stabilities.</div><div><br></div><div>Herein, we consider a two-adsorbent system, where two different adsorbents are allowed to exchange gas. We show that, for rigid adsorbents, the thermodynamic equilibrium state is unique.</div><div><br></div><div>Then, we consider an adsorbent-balloon system, where an adsorbent exchanges gas with a rubber balloon. This system can exhibit multiple states at thermodynamic equilibrium-- two (meta)stable and one unstable. The size of the balloon, pressure of gas in the balloon, and partitioning of gas between the adsorbent and the balloon differ among the equilibrium states. Temperature changes and the addition/removal of gas into/from the adsorbent-balloon system can induce catastrophe bifurcations and show hysteresis. Furthermore, the adsorbent-balloon system exhibits a critical temperature where, when approached from below, the discrepancy of balloon size between the two (meta)stable states decreases and, beyond, bistability is impossible.</div><div><br></div><div>Practically, our findings preclude multiple partitions of adsorbed gas in rigid mixed-linker metal-organic frameworks and may inspire new soft actuator and sensor designs.</div>

Weighted Minimum Entropy Autofocus Algorithm for ISAR Imaging

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1809-1815
Author(s):  
Gang Xu ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Ya-chao Li ◽  
Meng-dao Xing
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Entropy ◽  
Isar Imaging ◽  
Autofocus Algorithm

Blackbody Radiation, Boltzmann Statistics, Temperature, and Thermodynamic Equilibrium

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Chance ◽  
Randall V. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Blackbody Radiation ◽  
Boltzmann Constant ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Atmospheric Molecules ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Boltzmann Statistics ◽  
Planck’S Law

Blackbody radiation, temperature, and thermodynamic equilibrium give a tightly coupled description of systems (atmospheres, volumes, surfaces) that obey Boltzmann statistics. They provide descriptions of systems when Boltzmann statistics apply, either approximately or nearly exactly. These apply most of the time in the Earth’s stratosphere and troposphere, and in other planetary atmospheres as long as the density is sufficient that collisions among atmospheric molecules, rather than photochemical and photophysical properties, determine the energy populations of the ensemble of molecules. Thermodynamic equilibrium and the approximation of local thermodynamic equilibrium are introduced. Boltzmann statistics, blackbody radiation, and Planck’s law are described. The chapter introduces the Rayleigh-Jeans limit, description of noise sources as temperatures, Kirchoff’s law, the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, and Wien’s law.

scholarly journals Neuro-Fuzzy Transformation with Minimize Entropy Principle to Create New Features for Particulate Matter Prediction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6590
Author(s):  
Krittakom Srijiranon ◽  
Narissara Eiamkanitchat
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Minimum Entropy ◽  
Fuzzy Transformation ◽  
Neuro Fuzzy ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Entropy Principle

Air pollution is a major global issue. In Thailand, this issue continues to increase every year, similar to other countries, especially during the dry season in the northern region. In this period, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters smaller than 10 and 2.5 micrometers, known as PM10 and PM2.5, are important pollutants, most of which exceed the national standard levels, the so-called Thailand air quality index (T-AQI). Therefore, this study created a prediction model to classify T-AQI calculated from both types of PM. The neuro-fuzzy model with a minimum entropy principle model is proposed to transform the original data into new informative features. The processes in this model are able to discover appropriate separation points of the trapezoidal membership function by applying the minimum entropy principle. The membership value of the fuzzy section is then passed to the neural section to create a new data feature, the PM level, for each hour of the day. Finally, as an analytical process to obtain new knowledge, predictive models are created using new data features for better classification results. Various experiments were utilized to find an appropriate structure with high prediction accuracy. The results of the proposed model were favorable for predicting both types of PM up to three hours in advance. The proposed model can help people who are planning short-term outdoor activities.

scholarly journals An enhanced binarization framework for degraded historical document images

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xiong ◽  
Lei Zhou ◽  
Ling Yue ◽  
Lirong Li ◽  
Song Wang
Keyword(s):  
Document Image ◽  
Morphological Operations ◽  
Document Images ◽  
Minimum Entropy ◽  
Stroke Width ◽  
Background Estimation ◽  
Structuring Element ◽  
Document Image Binarization ◽  
Benchmark Datasets ◽  
Stroke Width Transform

AbstractBinarization plays an important role in document analysis and recognition (DAR) systems. In this paper, we present our winning algorithm in ICFHR 2018 competition on handwritten document image binarization (H-DIBCO 2018), which is based on background estimation and energy minimization. First, we adopt mathematical morphological operations to estimate and compensate the document background. It uses a disk-shaped structuring element, whose radius is computed by the minimum entropy-based stroke width transform (SWT). Second, we perform Laplacian energy-based segmentation on the compensated document images. Finally, we implement post-processing to preserve text stroke connectivity and eliminate isolated noise. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art techniques on several public available benchmark datasets.

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