Emerging patterns in telematic flows among European countries and peculiarities of the Italian case

Netcom ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edoardo Boria
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Emerging Patterns

scholarly journals The nexus between education and fertility in six European countries

Genus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Impicciatore ◽  
Francesca Tomatis
Keyword(s):  
Home Economics ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Second Child ◽  
Gender Egalitarianism ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Many ◽  
Fertility Choices

AbstractGiven the many linkages between education and family behaviour, the expansion of higher education especially among women in recent decades may have important consequences for fertility in Europe. This is a crucial factor in both the New Home Economics (NHE) theory and the Second Demographic Transition (SDT) that predict a negative association between fertility and education. However, more recently, the Gender Revolution (GR) approach has emphasised the role of gender egalitarianism both in society and within households as a boost for fertility. By adopting a comparative perspective on six European countries, this paper reports our research on the effect of education on the fertility choices in light of the foregoing three different theoretical explanations. Using data from the second wave of Generation and Gender surveys (GGS) for Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, and Poland, and the ISTAT survey “Famiglie e Soggetti Sociali” for Italy, we estimated the propensity to have the first and the second child birth on women born between 1940 and 1979 by means of multiprocess hazard models.For the first childbirth, the influence of education on fertility behaviours not only remains important but also tends to increase among younger cohorts. This result matches the NHE and SDT explanation, suggesting a similar evolution towards an erosion of the family. Conversely, for the second childbirth we found marked differences among countries suggesting an East-West polarisation giving support to the GR approach. However, peculiarities for the Italian case linked to a tempo effect emphasize the need to go beyond the West-East dichotomy.

Strengths and weaknesses in the promotion of local employment initiatives: the Italian case

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-530
Author(s):  
Alessandro Aronica
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Cooperative Movement ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Local Initiatives ◽  
Local Employment

The development of local initiatives aimed at creating employment and increasing social welfare is not, at the moment, an equal opportunity for all European countries. The potential for growth of new social services is affected by various economic and social factors, but the success of any initiative depends on subjective factors like the political environment, the institutional setting, the quality of public bureaucracy, and the dynamism of private entrepreneurship. The aim of this paper is to discuss which of these subjective factors are strengths and weaknesses in the promotion of local employment initiatives in Italy. The political context has been and may still be a hindrance for the necessary cultural evolution. On the other hand, the current political debate has favoured the move towards an institutional setting that, being characterised by a greater degree of administrative decentralisation, appears to be more consistent with the development of local initiatives. Simple fiscal systems and efficient public administrations are essential prerequisites for demand policies and Italy is just beginning to move in this direction. For the Italian case a major strength relative to other European countries is the dynamism of small private enterprises and, more recently, the development of non-profit-making enterprises. Indeed, a strong impetus for the development of new activities could come from the engagement of the whole cooperative movement.

scholarly journals Surrogacy and “Procreative Tourism”. What Does the Future Hold from the Ethical and Legal Perspectives?

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Valeria Piersanti ◽  
Francesca Consalvo ◽  
Fabrizio Signore ◽  
Alessandro Del Rio ◽  
Simona Zaami
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Surrogate Motherhood ◽  
Medically Assisted Procreation ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Italian Context

Background and objectives: To explore the ethical and legal complexities arising from the controversial issue of surrogacy, particularly in terms of how they affect fundamental rights of children and parents. Surrogacy is a form of medically-assisted procreation (MAP) in which a woman “lends” her uterus to carry out a pregnancy on behalf of a third party. There are pathological conditions, such as uterine agenesis or hysterectomy outcomes, that may prevent prospective mothers from becoming pregnant or carry a pregnancy to term; such patients may consider finding a surrogate mother. Many issues relating to surrogacy remain unresolved, with significant disagreements and controversy within the scientific community and public opinion. There are several factors called into play and multiple parties and stakeholders whose objectives and interests need to somehow be reconciled. First and foremost, the authors contend, it is essential to prioritize and uphold the rights of children born through surrogacy and heterologous MAP. Materials and methods: To draw a parallel between Italy and the rest of the world, the legislation in force in twelve European countries was analyzed, eleven of which are part of the European Union (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Lithuania, Czech Republic and Portugal) and three non-members of the same (United Kingdom, Ukraine and Russia), as well as that of twelve non-European countries considered exemplary (United States, Canada, Australia, India, China, Thailand, Israel, Nigeria and South Africa); in particular, legislative sources and legal databases were drawn upon, in order to draw a comparison with the Italian legislation currently in force and map out the evolution of the Italian case law on the basis of the judgments issued by Italian courts, including the Constitutional and Supreme Courts and the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR); search engines such as PubMed and Google Scholar were also used, by entering the keywords “surrogacy” and “surrogate motherhood”, to find scientific articles concerning assisted reproduction techniques with a close focus on surrogacy. Results: SM is a prohibited and sanctioned practice in Italy; on the other hand, it is allowed in other countries of the world, which leads Italian couples, or couples from other countries where it is banned, to often contact foreign centers in order to undertake a MAP pathway which includes surrogacy; in addition, challenges may arise from the legal status of children born through surrogacy abroad: to date, in most countries, there is no specific legislation aimed at regulating their legal registration and parental status. Conclusion: With reference to the Italian context, despite the scientific and legal evolution on the subject, a legislative intervention aimed at filling the regulatory gaps in terms of heterologous MAP and surrogacy has not yet come to fruition. Considering the possibility of “fertility tourism”, i.e., traveling to countries where the practice is legal, as indeed already happens in a relatively significant number of cases, the current legislation, although integrated by the legal interpretation, does not appear to be effective in avoiding the phenomenon of procreative tourism. Moreover, to overcome some contradictions currently present between law 40 and law 194, it would be appropriate to outline an organic and exhaustive framework of rules, which should take into account the multiplicity of interests at stake, in keeping with a fair and sustainable balance when regulating such practices.

The first Italian case of XDR Salmonella Typhi in a traveler returning from Pakistan, 2019: An alert for increased surveillance also in European countries?

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 101610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Chirico ◽  
Lina Rachele Tomasoni ◽  
Silvia Corbellini ◽  
Maria Antonia De Francesco ◽  
Arnaldo Caruso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Italian Case

scholarly journals Proposal of a New Procurement Strategy of Frequency Control Reserves in Power Systems: The Italian Case in the European Framework

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6105
Author(s):  
Enrico Maria Carlini ◽  
Mauro Caprabianca ◽  
Maria Carmen Falvo ◽  
Sara Perfetti ◽  
Luca Luzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Market Price ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Price Signals ◽  
System Operator ◽  
The Impact

Over the last few years, a strong penetration of Intermittent Renewable Energy Sources (IRES) has been in progress in the Italian power system. In this new framework, the dispatching activity must improve its efficiency to ensure adequacy and security of the national electricity system. European market integration initiatives are making this goal achievable, provided that the coherency of market price signals and reserve procurement at the European level are guaranteed. For this reason, the Italian Transmission System Operator (TSO), Terna, started to investigate the opportunity to align the Italian reserve-procurement approach to the one adopted in most European countries, procuring Replacement Reserve (RR) in dedicated auctions held in advance of the day-ahead market. The aim of this new methodology is to improve the coherency of price signals arising from the integrated European day-ahead market, anticipating potential scarcity conditions, thus helping to keep adequacy standards high. This paper describes the characteristics of a possible new reserve-procurement model based on the European benchmark. Comparative simulations are presented, estimating the impact of the new approach in terms of outcomes and costs of both the energy and ancillary services markets in Italy. The results of this study suggest activation of the reserve auction only in the cases in which the TSO expects a potential risk of simultaneous reserve scarcity across European countries.

Averting robo-bees: why free-flying robotic bees are a bad idea

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-729
Author(s):  
Roslyn Gleadow ◽  
Jim Hanan ◽  
Alan Dorin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Food Security ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Plant Insect Interactions ◽  
Native Habitat ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Insect Interactions

Food security and the sustainability of native ecosystems depends on plant-insect interactions in countless ways. Recently reported rapid and immense declines in insect numbers due to climate change, the use of pesticides and herbicides, the introduction of agricultural monocultures, and the destruction of insect native habitat, are all potential contributors to this grave situation. Some researchers are working towards a future where natural insect pollinators might be replaced with free-flying robotic bees, an ecologically problematic proposal. We argue instead that creating environments that are friendly to bees and exploring the use of other species for pollination and bio-control, particularly in non-European countries, are more ecologically sound approaches. The computer simulation of insect-plant interactions is a far more measured application of technology that may assist in managing, or averting, ‘Insect Armageddon' from both practical and ethical viewpoints.

A Typology of Caregiving Situations and Service Use in Family Carers of Older People in Six European Countries

GeroPsych ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Di Rosa ◽  
Christopher Kofahl ◽  
Kevin McKee ◽  
Barbara Bień ◽  
Giovanni Lamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Older People ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Service Use ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Family Carers ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Typology Of Care

This paper presents the EUROFAMCARE study findings, examining a typology of care situations for family carers of older people, and the interplay of carers with social and health services. Despite the complexity of family caregiving situations across Europe, our analyses determined the existence of seven “caregiving situations,” varying on a range of critical indicators. Our study also describes the availability and use of different support services for carers and care receivers, and carers’ preferences for the characteristics of support services. Our findings have relevance for policy initiatives in Europe, where limited resources need to be more equitably distributed and services should be targeted to caregiving situations reflecting the greatest need, and organized to reflect the preferences of family carers.

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