scholarly journals LEGAL REGULATION OF CONFESSIONAL RELATIONS IN THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE IN EARLY MODERN TIMES

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Holy Roman Empire ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Early Modern Times

IV. Die Erbfolgegesetzgebung der Reichstage – zum Rechtsquellenverständnis in der frühen Neuzeit

2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-190
Author(s):  
Bernd Mertens
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Holy Roman Empire ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Early Modern Times ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The succession legislation of the Holy Roman Empire - On the understanding of the sources of law in early modern times. Though the succession legislation of the Holy Roman Empire 1498−1529 affected only a small part of private law, it is excellently suited to examine the understanding of the sources of law in early modern times, the interaction between the imperial and territorial legislators, imperial and territorial courts as well as the relationship of imperial law and common law to particular law and customary law. A closer look is also given to the context of this succession legislation, the institutions involved and the final consequences.

scholarly journals Devotional Tattooes in Early Modern Italy = Tatuajes devocionales en la Italia de la Edad Moderna

2018 ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Guido Guerzoni
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Indelible Mark ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Early Modern Italy ◽  
Social Belonging ◽  
Early Modern Times

This essay seeks to analyze the production and dissemination of devotional tattoos in Early Modern times, focusing on the Italian case. It explores the details of their functions and meanings, and their intellectual reception. Nineteenth century theories stated that tattoos appeared in Europe only after the travels of Cook and Bouganville to savage Polynesia. There are many reasons to state that tattoos never disappeared in Italy though. In the Roman Empire tattoo was considered «an indelible mark of infamy», while «tattooing of the whole body», was known as the «barbarian» custom. Between the fourth and the fifth century, the world of Christianity witnessed a progressive subversion of meanings originally approved for that practice of tattoo, by externalizing the signs of pain, transforming the figure of infamy in the patent expression of faith. Despite ambiguous attitude of Catholic authorities towards tattooing, this practice was a public ritual and this publicity was continually reiterated, revealing a social belonging. Este ensayo pretende analizar la producción y difusión de los tatuajes devocionales en la Edad Moderna, con especial atención a Italia. Explora los detalles sobre sus funciones y significados, así como su recepción intelectual. Las teorías decimonónicas situaban la aparición de los tatuajes en Europa en un contexto posterior a los viajes de Cook y Bouganville a la Polinesia salvaje. Sin embargo, hay muchos motivos para creer que los tatuajes nunca desaparecieron de Italia. En tiempos del imperio romano el tatuaje fue considerado una «señal de infamia» y tatuarse el cuerpo, una práctica «bárbara». Entre los siglos IV y V, el cristianismo fue testigo de una progresiva transformación de los significados originalmente atribuidos a los tatuajes: se vivió un proceso de externalización de las señales del dolor y de transformación de la original infamia en una expresión de fe. Pese a las actitudes ambiguas que siempre mostraron las autoridades católicas hacia el tatuaje, esta práctica se convirtió en una ritual público y su visibilidad fue perpetuada, revelando un sentido identitario de pertenencia a un grupo.

La otredad: ¿real o inventada? El caso de las brujas

1999 ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
Elia Nathan Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Empirical Content ◽  
Extreme Situation ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Witch ◽  
Early Modern Times ◽  
The One ◽  
In Virtue Of

The purpose of this paper is two-fold. On the one hand, it offers a general analysis of stigmas (a person has one when, in virtue of its belonging to a certain group, such as that of women, homosexuals, etc., he or she is subjugated or persecuted). On the other hand, I argue that stigmas are “invented”. More precisely, I claim that they are not descriptive of real inequalities. Rather, they are socially created, or invented in a lax sense, in so far as the real differences to which they refer are socially valued or construed as negative, and used to justify social inequalities (that is, the placing of a person in the lower positions within an economic, cultural, etc., hierarchy), or persecutions. Finally, I argue that in some cases, such as that of the witch persecution of the early modern times, we find the extreme situation in which a stigma was invented in the strict sense of the word, that is, it does not have any empirical content.

Shakespeare’s Dancing Bodies

2019 ◽  
pp. 172-196
Author(s):  
Brandon Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Modern Dance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Somatic Psychology ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Romeo And Juliet ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Early Modern Times

Romeo’s well-known excuse that he cannot dance because he has soles of lead is demonstrative of the autonomous volitional quality Shakespeare ascribes to body parts, his utilization of humoral somatic psychology, and the horizontally divided body according to early modern dance practice and theory. This chapter considers the autonomy of and disagreement between the body parts and the unruliness of the humors within Shakespeare’s dramas, particularly Romeo and Juliet. An understanding of the body as a house of conflicting parts can be applied to the feet of the dancing body in early modern times, as is evinced not only by literary texts, but dance manuals as well. The visuality dominating the dance floor provided opportunity for social advancement as well as ridicule, as contemporary sources document. Dance practice is compared with early modern swordplay in their shared approaches to the training and social significance of bodily proportion and rhythm.

The Role of War in Modern Inflation

1977 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl J. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
World War ◽  
Price Inflation ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Paper Currency ◽  
Deficit Financing ◽  
Early Modern Times

Wars in early modern times, although frequent, generated little price inflation because of their limited demands on real resources. The invention of paper currency and the resort to deficit financing to pay for wars changed that situation. In recent centuries wars have been the principal causes of inflation, although since World War II programs of social welfare unmatched by offsetting taxation have also fueled inflationary flames.

The Justification of War and International Order

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
International Law ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
International Order ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Pertinent Literature ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Modern Times

The history of war is also a history of its justification. The contributions to this book argue that the justification of war rarely happens as empty propaganda. While it is directed at mobilizing support and reducing resistance, it is not purely instrumental. Rather, the justification of force is part of an incessant struggle over what is to count as justifiable behaviour in a given historical constellation of power, interests, and norms. This way, the justification of specific wars interacts with international order as a normative frame of reference for dealing with conflict. The justification of war shapes this order and is being shaped by it. As the justification of specific wars entails a critique of war in general, the use of force in international relations has always been accompanied by political and scholarly discourses on its appropriateness. In much of the pertinent literature the dominating focus is on theoretical or conceptual debates as a mirror of how international normative orders evolve. In contrast, the focus of the present volume is on theory and political practice as sources for the re- and de-construction of the way in which the justification of war and international order interact. The book offers a unique collection of papers exploring the continuities and changes in war discourses as they respond to and shape normative orders from early modern times to the present. It comprises contributions from International Law, History and International Relations and from Western and non-Western perspectives.

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