Slávni muži – protagonisti próz Štefana Krčméryho (Zimná Legenda)

Krčméry's Winter Legend is an expression of his relationship to the nation, to life (also to his own), to history and, above all, to literary history. The uncon-ventionality of the genre form (i.e. biographical prose - sketch) does not contradict the thought and empirical content. Although the author's approach to the fate of historical figures is realized mainly due to aesthetic contact with the reader, he also elevated this communication to a non-aggressive opposition to "revolt against historicism" among young artists, whose goal was the "negation of national existence". With the help of imagination, knowledge, contemporary knowledge, and the typical "it was said", it offers alive images of famous men (e.g. Svätopluk, King Matiáš, J. Silván, D. Krman, M. Bel, J. Hollý , J. Kollár, Ľ. Štúr, P.J. Šafárik, A. Sládkovič) and events (e.g. Prešov slaughterhouses from the second half of the 17th century, the Battle of Poltava, Slavonic Congress).

Comparative Study of Kuttab Islamic Education System and Madrasah Ibtidayah Education System

This article shows the numerous benefits created in the 7th-13th century A.D. by a primary education institution named Kuttab. Kuttab is an educational institution that teaches the Qur'an to be read and memorized, history to be studied, and Arabic verses. This article utilizes an approach to literature research, gathering different references related to Kuttab. The empirical content process then evaluates the relation, and conclusions are drawn from the reference analysis. This paper concludes that with education in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, Kuttab institutions have a similar curriculum. The excellence of Kuttab focuses more on memorizing the Qur'an so that in the golden age (7-12 years), Kuttab students will remember the entire material of the Qur'an, in addition to teachers who have excelled and skills. Unlike Ibtidaiyah madrasahs, which do not focus students on memorizing the Qur'an, and as teachers in Kuttab, teachers are also far from professionalism. In comparison to the current madrasah Ibtidaiyah curriculum, the learning materials in Kuttab are thin.Keywords : curriculum, kuttab, madrasah, teacher, student.

Conclusion

This book has argued that authoritarian states try to maintain a positive image of themselves abroad and work to protect that image from criticism. The logic for this authoritarian image management strategy is to enhance both the internal and external security of the regime. The book drew on an array of empirical content to substantiate its arguments, including both global and case study material. This chapter offers concluding remarks. Specifically, it offers speculative comments in three areas. First, it complicates the models laid out in the book by considering temporal change, the proposed mechanisms in interaction with one another, and new opportunities afforded by technology. Second, it considers the future of authoritarian image management. Third, it asks what, if anything, democratic policymakers and publics ought to do.

Against trivializing language description (and comparison)

This paper argues that recent proposals to sharply distinguish between language description and comparison are ill-conceived for two reasons. First, comparison is unavoidable and hence an integral part of description. Second, the proposals for a strict separation are based on an unrealistic and anachronistic conception of descriptive categories, assuming that these can be defined in purely distributional terms. Here it is shown that description and comparison make use of, and struggle with, the same kind of empirical evidence; namely, crosslinguistically identifiable properties of grammatical formatives and constructions. If descriptive categories and crosslinguistic comparative concepts did not share such properties, language comparison would be devoid of empirical content. Hence claims that they are ontologically different do not stand up to further scrutiny. In short, said recent proposals portray language description and comparison in too-simplistic terms. They ignore, or at least downplay, most of the complexities involved in both descriptive and comparative projects, many of which in fact result from the inseparability of description and comparison.

Bounded rationality and limited data sets

Bounded rationality theories are typically characterized over exhaustive data sets. We develop a methodology to understand the empirical content of such theories with limited data, adapting the classic revealed‐preference approach to new forms of revealed information. We apply our approach to an array of theories, illustrating its versatility. We identify theories and data sets testable in the same elegant way as rationality, and theories and data sets where testing is more challenging. We show that previous attempts to test consistency of limited data with bounded rationality theories are subject to a conceptual pitfall that may lead to false conclusions that the data are consistent with the theory.

Frege, Poincaré, Carnap, Kripke: cuatro réplicas a un dogma kantiano

I present the replies that Gottlob Frege, Henri Poincaré, Rudolf Carnap, and Saul Kripke made to the assumption that apriority and necessity are interchangeable synonyms, an assumption that I take, together with the assumptions that there is a split between analytic truths and synthetic truths and that there is a dichotomy between our conceptual schemes and empirical content, as a Kantian dogma.

The Hospital Scene: Deepening Democracy with Theatre-led Inquiry

This chapter proposes one way of building democracy through theatre. The empirical content is drawn from a workshop conducted in Greece 2019, at a conference dedicated to performance activism worldwide (“Play Perform Learn Grow,” 2019). Performance activism draws upon the human capacity to play, create and perform, the premise being that people – even if their economic, social and/or political interests are in conflict – can create new relationships, new activities and new ways of moving forward together. The aim of the workshop was to allow a creative conversation that would unpack multiple ways of creating understanding from a real-life incident from rural Uganda, in which a pregnant woman was refused help to give birth at a clinic. Theoretically framed within Brechtian thinking and the concept of deep democracy as introduced by Amy and Arnold Mindell (Amy Mindell, 2008), the chapter argues that the theatre-led inquiry contributed to destabilise customised thinking and provide potential for multifaceted thinking and awareness. In this way, the workshop design enabled complex and embodied ways of reflecting, providing an example of how to build and deepen democracy through theatre.

Bøygen: Hypotesen om akkumulering av ulempe

The Boygen Model – the Hypothesis of Accumulated Disadvantage Material from the FRONT project shows significant gendered differences in how the working environment and organizational culture are experienced. It is not a single factor that negatively affects women, but a complex process involving many components over time – with different causes and modes of action – together giving an accumulated disadvantage. These processes and their effects are summarized in a model called “Boygen” (Norwegian: Bøygen), after the creature who creates obstacles and counter-forces to Peer Gynt in Ibsen’s play. The academic version of Boygen operates partly through an “accumulation” of disadvantage throughout the academic career, and partly through experiences that tend to cause loss of self-confidence and motivation. External resistance and lack of support translates into inner doubt. The Boygen model is discussed in relation to international research on the effects of barriers to women in academia. The model is the first of three theoretical contributions to the project (chapters 7, 8 and 9) based on the empirical content in chapters 1–6.

PHENOMENOLOGICAL PORTRAIT OF SAMARA CHILDHOOD (BASED ON THE PROJECT "ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MODERN CHILDHOOD")

The article deals with problems, main directions and methods of studying modern childhood in the humanities. The phenomenon of childhood is characterized as a special sociocultural phenomenon that requires an interdisciplinary methodology for its understanding, as well as implementation of a subjective approach to study rather than a traditional object one. The peculiarity of the research based on the phenomenological approach lies in the formulation and solution of both research and project tasks. Research tasks: fixation, description and interpretation of modern childhood markers based on the material of "Samara childhood"; project tasks: creation and distribution of a methodological product - "Encyclopedia of Modern Childhood" (manuals for adults, created by children), addressed to teachers and parents. The development of the encyclopedia was carried out by the project team of Samara branch MCPU students based on a sample of 2158 Samara schoolchildren. The concept, tools and product of the project "Encyclopedia of Modern Childhood" are characterized. The structure of the empirical content served as the basis for the sections of the manual: "Childhood: associations, thoughts and more", "Growing up, adults, addressing adults", "World of childhood", applications "Incomprehensible words for adults". The interpretive part of the research is represented by a selective content analysis of concepts "childhood", "adult" based on the secondary processing of the results. The analysis of the results reveals the following conclusions: the timeless archetype of child's consciousness maintains the dichotomous opposition of the "world of adults" (boring, problematic) and the "world of children" (carefree, sunny, positive); despite intensification, informatization of the way of life and transformation of the growing environment of a modern child, the perception of childhood as a special, inimitably happy chronotope is inherent in children.