scholarly journals Breeding biology of Purple Sandpipers Calidris maritima on the Hardangervidda, southern Norway

Ornis Svecica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2–4) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Rab Rae ◽  
Mike Nicoll ◽  
Ron Summers ◽  
Stuart Rae ◽  
Keith Brockie
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Breeding Biology ◽  
Chick Growth ◽  
Breeding Territory ◽  
Southern Norway ◽  
Brood Desertion

Breeding Purple Sandpipers Calidris maritima were studied within an area of approximately 32 km2 on the Hardangervidda, southern Norway during 1978 to 1986. The minimum average density was 1.0 pairs per km2 in 1984. Clutch sizes were 3–4 (mean = 3.74), and egg sizes were small, reflecting the small size of the females compared to other populations. Hatching was in late June and clutch survival was 75%. The eggs in one nest were believed to have been trampled by a Reindeer. Chick growth was described for two broods. Broods were mostly attended by males. Only 8% (2 of 24 broods) were attended by females. Adult masses declined during the breeding season, supporting the theory that brood desertion by Arctic-breeding sandpipers could be related to loss of condition in the breeding adults. However, females, who usually desert the brood, did not decline in mass any faster than males. Birds from one pair were faithful to mate and site; the birds wintered apart (the female was seen in winter) and the pair re-united on the breeding territory.

Observation on the breeding biology of Polypedates teraiensis (Dubois, 1987) (Amphibia: Rhacophoridae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Jacinta Lalchhanhimi ◽  
Lalremsanga H.T.
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Breeding Biology ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Advertisement Calls ◽  
Males And Females

The breeding biology of tree frog, Polypedates teraiensis was studied during the breeding season at Mizoram University Campus. It was found that sound production by male during the breeding season was primarily a reproductive function and advertisement calls attract females to the breeding areas and announce other males that a given territory is occupied. The aim of this study was to provide the detailed information on the breeding behaviour and the advertisement calls of Polypedates teraiensis. The morphometric measurements of the amplecting pairs (males and females) for sexual dimorphism along with clutch sizes were also studied.

Low reproductive success of the endangered Iberá Seedeater in its only known breeding site, the Iberá Wetlands, Argentina

The Condor ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Browne ◽  
Sheela P Turbek ◽  
Constanza Pasian ◽  
Adrián S Di Giacomo
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Nest Survival ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Nest Site Selection ◽  
Breeding Biology ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Northeastern Argentina

Abstract Subtropical grasslands are highly susceptible to habitat conversion and number among South America’s most threatened ecosystems. The grasslands of northeastern Argentina have been identified as a priority conservation area for threatened capuchino seedeaters because they constitute the main breeding area of these migratory birds. The Iberá Seedeater (Sporophila iberaensis) is a newly described species in the Iberá Wetlands in Argentina whose biology is still poorly understood. The endangered species inhabits grasslands but has only been reported to breed in the Iberá Wetlands ecoregion of northeastern Argentina. To explore the species’ association with grassland vegetation, we studied the breeding biology (clutch size, hatching success, and fledgling production) of the Iberá Seedeater and the main parameters that influence nest survival and nest-site selection. We conducted nest searches and banded adults and nestlings in Iberá National Park during the breeding seasons of 2016–2018. The breeding season of the Iberá Seedeater was highly synchronous and the cumulative probability of nest survival was 0.16. The daily nest survival rate decreased as the breeding season advanced, survival was lower for nests supported by Rhynchospora corymbosa than Paspalum durifolium, the two main nest substrates, and the main causes of nest failure were nest predation and strong winds. Additionally, the population exhibited male-biased site fidelity and a low female return rate. In contrast to other capuchinos, whose breeding biology is associated with upland grasslands, the Iberá Seedeater nested exclusively in flooded lowland grasslands on marsh plants. Thus, effective lowland grassland management is key to maintain the vegetation structure required for reproduction in the Iberá Seedeater.

scholarly journals Barn Owl (Tyto alba) breeding biology in relation to breeding season climate

2013 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Chausson ◽  
Isabelle Henry ◽  
Bettina Almasi ◽  
Alexandre Roulin
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Barn Owl ◽  
Breeding Biology ◽  
Tyto Alba

scholarly journals Breeding biology of coppersmith barbet, Megalaima haemacephala (Müller, 1776)

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Noor Jahan Sarker ◽  
M Firoj Jaman ◽  
Shariar Mustafa ◽  
Md Saidur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Brood Size ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Breeding Biology ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Average Depth

Breeding biology of the Coppersmith barbet, Megalaima haemacephala (Müller, 1776) was carried out between February, 2006 and January, 2007 at Sharawardy Uddyan, Ramna Park, Curzon Hall and National Botanical Garden. The breeding season started from December and ended in June. In total 20 nests were observed, of which 10 nests were studied in details in four study areas. The coppersmith barbet mostly preferred to make holes on the branches of koroi (Albizzia procera) for nesting. Egg laying started on 15th February in the study areas. Average height of nests from the ground was 9.7m and average depth and diameter of the holes was 29.20cm and 4.46cm respectively. New holes were constructed yearly or the old one was reused. Both the sexes took part in incubation of eggs, brooding and feeding to the nestlings. A total of 30 eggs were laid in 10 nests. Clutch size varied from 2 – 4 eggs (average: 3 eggs). Among them, 20 (66.67%) eggs were hatched and the rest 10 (33.33%) were unhatched and lost. Average incubation period was 14 days. The male and the female incubated the eggs for an average of 27.44 minutes/ hours and 32.56 minutes/ hours, respectively. Average number of nestlings (brood size) per nest was 2. Out of 20 nestlings, 16 left their nests successively. The breeding success was 53.33% in relation to the number of eggs laid and 80% in relation to nestlings hatched. The average weight of eggs and nestlings was 3.59g and 9.33g, respectively. The main causes of loss of the eggs and nestlings were human interference, predation and ectoparasitic infections. Insects and fruits were fed to the nestlings by their parents.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15397Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 31-34 

Factors influencing fledgling production in little penguins (Eudyptula minor)

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Knight ◽  
T. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Breeding Biology ◽  
Single Variable ◽  
Nesting Habitat ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Little Penguin ◽  
Significant Model

An eight-year study was conducted on the breeding biology of the little penguin population at Lion Island. Forwards-selection Poisson regressions were used to determine whether variables such as year, date of lay, years since banding of each parent (indicator of age) and habitat influenced the fledgling numbers and average fledgling weight for adult pairs. 'Date of lay' provided the most significant model of fledgling numbers, while 'habitat' and 'year' as single-variable models also significantly influenced fledgling numbers. 'Date of lay' provided the most significant model of average fledgling weight. Future monitoring of the Lion Island colony therefore should focus on monitoring egg laying at the start of the breeding season, and maintaining high-quality nesting habitat.

scholarly journals Breeding biology of common kingfisher (Alcedo atthis, Linnaeus 1758)

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Habibon Naher ◽  
Noor Jahan Sarker ◽  
Shawkat Imam Khan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
Breeding Biology ◽  
The Common ◽  
Total Body

The breeding biology of the common kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) was studied from 2008 to 2011 in Dhaka North City Corporation and Savar Upazilla. The breeding season was April to September. It laid 3 to 7 glossy white, almost round eggs with a size of 2.5±0.3 cm length, 2.2±0.3 cm breadth, and 5.3±0.7g weight. It incubated for 16 to 21 days. During hatching, the hatchlings’ weight ranged from 8.5 to 10.5 g and total body length from 43.2 to 58.6 mm whereas, it was 30.1 to 32.7 g and 151 to 155.5 mm, respectively, during fledging. Hatching success was 83.3%. Stolen by people (13.9%) and infertility (2.8%) were the causes of egg loss. The young birds fledged out after 21 to 27 days of hatching. A total of 56.7% of nestlings were unable to fly due to stolen (43.3%), deaths due to unknown reasons (6.7%) and deaths due to natural disaster (6.7%). The breeding success was 36.1% in relation to eggs laid and 43.3% in relation to eggs hatched. J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 47(1): 23-34, June 2021

Breeding Biology of the Savannah Sparrow on Kent Island

The Auk ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara L. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Nesting Success ◽  
Breeding Biology ◽  
Passerculus Sandwichensis ◽  
Herring Gulls ◽  
Savannah Sparrow ◽  
The Mean

Abstract I studied the breeding biology of the Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) on Kent Island, New Brunswick, Canada from 1964 through 1968. I estimated the breeding population to be 125-135 pairs $(412-445\ \text{individuals}/{\rm km}^{2})$. The mean number of nests produced per female, including those destroyed by predators, was 2.97. Clutch size ranged from 2 to 5. The mean clutch size based on 1,142 eggs in 284 nests of known clutch size was 4.02. Not only was the four-egg clutch most numerous but a greater percentage of eggs in the four-egg clutches hatched and the mean number of young fledged per nest was also highest. The mean incubation period was 12.2 days, the mean duration of nestling life was 9 days, and the approximate length of the breeding season as 52 days. The daily mortality rate of eggs was 11.9% and of nestlings 2.1%. Predation was the major factor affecting reproductive success; 50.5% of all nests located were destroyed by predators. The main nest predators were Common Crows and Herring Gulls. Of the nests destroyed by predators, 87.8% contained eggs rather than nestlings. The intense predation necessitated high nest replacement. The mean interval between the termination of one nest and the appearance of the first egg in the succeeding nest was 6.3 days. If successive nests are destroyed on the day incubation begins, it is hypothetically possible for a pair to produce four nests during a single breeding season; many birds in the population produce at least three. Although enough time was available for birds to fledge two broods in a season, few of them fledged more than one. Thus, the nesting success was low (success from egg to hatching 18.1%). High nest replacement compensated for high egg mortality, and an average of 2.16 young per pair were fledged per season.

scholarly journals The Kestrel Falco tinnunculus in Slovenia – a review of its distribution, population density, movements, breeding biology, diet and interactions with other species / Postovka Falco tinnunculus v Sloveniji – pregled njene razširjenosti, populacijske gostote, disperzije, gnezditvene biologije, prehrane in interakcij z drugimi vrstami

Acrocephalus ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (152-153) ◽  
pp. 5-24
Author(s):  
Tanja Šumrada ◽  
Jurij Hanžel
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Nest Site Selection ◽  
Breeding Biology ◽  
Population Estimate ◽  
Falco Tinnunculus ◽  
Hunting Behaviour ◽  
Breeding Distribution

The paper discusses the breeding and non-breeding distribution and population density of the Kestrel Falco tinnunculus in Slovenia, its movements, breeding biology, hunting behaviour, diet and interactions with other species. The data were collected from published works and directly from observers. The species’ breeding distribution is shown as a comparison of both national breeding bird atlases, which indicated no convincing changes in its distribution. The non-breeding season population estimate (1,000-2,000 ind.) is lower than the breeding population estimate (1,500-2,000 pairs). The Kestrel breeds at altitudes from 0 to 2,050 m a.s.l.; outside the breeding season, it has been observed at altitudes of up to 1,700 m a.s.l. At least part of the breeding population migrates, apparently more or less towards SSW. The breeding season lasts from February to July. It nests in trees, buildings, cliffs, nestboxes and on electricity pylons. In trees it uses abandoned nests of corvids. On buildings it nests mainly on ledges and in various openings. It often nests on industrial and residential buildings. On cliffs it nests in natural openings and in abandoned nests of other species. It lays 3-9 eggs, usually five. It hunts over open terrain by windhovering, active aerial pursuit and stooping onto the ground from perches. It feeds mainly on small mammals and, to a lesser extent, on passerines, reptiles and invertebrates. It interacts with other species during hunting, nest-site selection and breeding itself. Platyhelminthic, nematode, ixodid and insect parasites have all been recorded on the Kestrel

scholarly journals Breeding biology of Long-tailed Cinclodes Cinclodes pabsti Sick, 1969 (Passeriformes: Furnariidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. e20216184
Author(s):  
Jairo José Zocche ◽  
Fernando Carvalho ◽  
Ariovaldo Pereira Cruz-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
The Body ◽  
Breeding Biology ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Breeding Seasons

Cinclodes pabsti is an endemic passerine restricted to the highland areas in southern Brazil. The aim of this study was to provide information on its breeding biology. The nesting cavities along road cuts were monitored from May 2008 to March 2011. The survey was carried out monthly from May to July 2008, February to July 2009, 2010 (non-breeding season), weekly from August 2008 to January 2009, 2010 (breeding season), and on a 2 to 4-days basis from August 2010 to January 2011. The geographic location, physical characteristics, and soil/substrate type in which the nesting cavities were situated were recorded. The total number of cavities used in the three breeding seasons was 136, resulting in 295 nests. The distance of a nest to its nearest neighbor ranged from 24-2,368 m, with a higher number of nests (n = 34; 59.7%) in the distance interval of 24-500 m. There was a greater usage of cavities located in Inceptisols, and the distances of nesting cavity entrances to the ground and to the top of road cuts were 1.6 ± 0.9 m and 0.8 ± 0.62 m, respectively. The breeding season lasted 148 days from mid-August to early January. Clutch size (n = 256) varied from 2 to 3 eggs, and the eggs (n = 155) had a total length of 27.2 ± 1.3 mm, breadth of 20.9 ± 0.8 mm, and mass of 6.2 ± 0.7 g. The incubation phase lasted 17.3 ± 0.8 days and the nestling phase for 18.3 ± 1.5 days. The body mass of the chicks was 6.0 ± 1.0 g just after hatching and reached a maximum of 59.6 ± 2.4 g at 16 days of age. Our results can contribute to filling the gaps in knowledge of C. pabsti ecology, because its habitat is under high anthropic pressures and the information on its life history is yet limited.

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