Faculty Opinions recommendation of A system of counteracting feedback loops regulates Cdc42p activity during spontaneous cell polarization.

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Li
Keyword(s):  
Cell Polarization ◽  
Feedback Loops

scholarly journals Cell polarization during monopolar cytokinesis

2008 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Kuo Hu ◽  
Margaret Coughlin ◽  
Christine M. Field ◽  
Timothy J. Mitchison
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Equatorial Region ◽  
Cell Polarization ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Cell Cortex ◽  
Aurora B ◽  
Regional Specialization ◽  
Spindle Poles ◽  
Actin Cables

During cytokinesis, a specialized set of proteins is recruited to the equatorial region between spindle poles by microtubules and actin filaments, enabling furrow assembly and ingression before cell division. We investigate the mechanisms underlying regional specialization of the cytoskeleton in HeLa cells undergoing drug-synchronized monopolar cytokinesis. After forced mitotic exit, the cytoskeleton of monopolar mitotic cells is initially radially symmetric but undergoes a symmetry-breaking reaction that simultaneously polarizes microtubules and the cell cortex, with a concentration of cortical furrow markers into a cap at one side of the cell. Polarization requires microtubules, F-actin, RhoA, Myosin II activity, and Aurora B kinase activity. Aurora B localizes to actin cables in a gap between the monopolar midzone and the furrow-like cortex, suggesting a communication between them. We propose that feedback loops between cortical furrow components and microtubules promote symmetry breaking during monopolar cytokinesis and regional specialization of the cytoskeleton during normal bipolar cytokinesis.

scholarly journals A System of Counteracting Feedback Loops Regulates Cdc42p Activity during Spontaneous Cell Polarization

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ertugrul M. Ozbudak ◽  
Attila Becskei ◽  
Alexander van Oudenaarden
Keyword(s):  
Cell Polarization ◽  
Feedback Loops

The photoreceptor cytoskeleton visualized

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
Beth Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Outer Segment ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Cell Polarization ◽  
Synaptic Proteins ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Vertebrate Photoreceptor ◽  
Numerous Cell ◽  
Turn Over

The vertebrate photoreceptor provides a drammatic example of cell polarization. Specialized to carry out phototransduction at its distal end and to synapse with retinal interneurons at its proximal end, this long slender cell has a uniquely polarized morphology which is reflected in a similarly polarized cytoskeleton. Membranes bearing photopigment are localized in the outer segment, a modified sensory cilium. Sodium pumps which maintain the dark current critical to photosensory transduction are anchored along the inner segment plasma membrane between the outer segment and the nucleus.Proximal to the nucleus is a slender axon terminating in specialized invaginating synapses with other neurons of the retina. Though photoreceptor diameter is only 3-8u, its length from the tip of the outer segment to the synapse may be as great as 200μ. This peculiar linear cell morphology poses special logistical problems and has evoked interesting solutions for numerous cell functions. For example, the outer segment membranes turn over by means of a unique mechanism in which new disks are continuously added at the proximal base of the outer segment, while effete disks are discarded at the tip and phagocytosed by the retinal pigment epithelium. Outer segment proteins are synthesized in the Golgi near the nucleus and must be transported north through the inner segment to their sites of assembly into the outer segment, while synaptic proteins must be transported south through the axon to the synapse.The role of the cytoskeleton in photoreceptor motile processes is being intensely investigated in several laboratories.

Rolle des HIF1-PHD Feedback Loops in der Leber: HIF1 ist kein absoluter Sauerstoffsensor sondern eine Stoffwechselkontrolle

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Millonig ◽  
S Hegedüsch ◽  
L Becker ◽  
D Schuppan ◽  
HK Seitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Loops

Dehydroepiandrosterone and a synthetic analogue regulate microglial cell polarization

2014 ◽  
Vol 122 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
VI Alexaki ◽  
I Charalampopoulos ◽  
A Neuwirth ◽  
B Soehnnichsen ◽  
C Echeverri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microglial Cell ◽  
Cell Polarization ◽  
Synthetic Analogue

Laser Based Analysis on Analog Circuits with Feedback Loops and a Case Study

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fubin Zhang ◽  
David Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Analog Circuits ◽  
Analog Circuit ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Induced Voltage ◽  
Analog Device ◽  
Analog Ic ◽  
Successful Isolation

Abstract Based on the understanding of laser based techniques’ physics theory and the topology/structure of analog circuit systems with feedback loops, the propagation of laser induced voltage/current alteration inside the analog IC is evaluated. A setup connection scheme is proposed to monitor this voltage/current alteration to achieve a better success rate in finding the fail site or defect. Finally, a case of successful isolation of a high resistance via on an analog device is presented.

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