Faculty Opinions recommendation of A new perceptual illusion reveals mechanisms of sensory decoding.

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora Angelaki
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Illusion

The Prevention of Laparoscopic Bile Duct Injuries: An Analysis of 300 Cases of from a Human Factors and Cognitive Psychology Perspective

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 617-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lygia Stewart ◽  
Lawrence W. Way
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Bile Duct Injury ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Perceptual Illusion ◽  
Bile Duct Injuries ◽  
Psychology Perspective ◽  
Cause Of Error ◽  
Key Steps

Application of human factors concepts to high-risk activities has facilitated reduction in human error. With introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the incidence of bile duct injury increased. Seeking ideas for prevention, we analyzed 300 laparoscopic bile duct injuries within the framework of human error analysis. The primary cause of error (97%) was a visual perceptual illusion. The laparoscopic environment contributed to 75% of injuries, poor visibility 22%. Most injuries involved deliberate major bile duct transection due to misperception of the anatomy. This illusion was so compelling that the surgeon usually did not recognize it. Even when irregular cues were detected, improper rules were employed, eliminating feedback. Since the complication-causing error occurred at few key steps during laparoscopic cholecystectomy; we instituted focused training to heighten vigilance, and have formulated specific rules to decrease the incidence of bile duct injury. In addition, factors in the laparoscopic environment contributing to this illusion are discussed.

EXPRESS: Fooling System 1 in the field of perception: Failure to Intuitively Detect Attribute Substitution in the Flushtration Count Illusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110693
Author(s):  
Cyril Thomas ◽  
Marion Botella ◽  
André Didierjean
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Cognitive Reflection Test ◽  
Substitution Error ◽  
Perceptual Illusion ◽  
Cognitive Reflection ◽  
Ball Problem ◽  
Perceptual Attribute ◽  
System 1 ◽  
The Relationship

To facilitate our interactions with the surroundings, the human brain sometimes reshapes the situations that it faces in order to simplify them. This phenomenon has been widely studied in the context of reasoning, especially through the attribute substitution error. It has however been given much less attention in the field of perception. Recent research on the bat-and-ball problem suggests that reasoners are able to intuitively detect attribute substitution errors. Using a perceptual illusion drawn from the field of magic, we investigate the extent to which a perceptual form of attribute substitution depends on executive resources and can be detected. We also investigate the relationship between susceptibility to attribute substitution error in the flushtration count illusion and in a French adaptation of the bat-and ball problem. Finally, we investigate the link between the intuitive cognitive style (assessed by the Cognitive Reflection Test) and the susceptibility to the flushtration count illusion. Our results suggest that participants do not detect perceptual attribute substitution error, that this phenomenon could be independent of the executive resources allocated to the task, and could rest on mechanisms distinct from those that produce errors in reasoning. We discuss differences between these two phenomena, and factors that may explain them.

Fear reactivity to head-mounted display perceptual illusion challenges is associated with suicidality

2019 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 262-268
Author(s):  
Brian W. Bauer ◽  
Brian J. Albanese ◽  
Rachel L. Martin ◽  
Nicole S. Smith ◽  
Norman B. Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Illusion ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Fear Reactivity

scholarly journals Slowed sensory reweighting and postural illusions in older adults: the moving platform illusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 690-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chesney E. Craig ◽  
Michail Doumas
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sensory Reweighting ◽  
Perceptual Illusion ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
Illusory Perception

We investigated whether postural aftereffects witnessed during transitions from a moving to a stable support are accompanied by a delayed perception of platform stabilization in older adults, in two experiments. In experiment 1, postural sway and muscle cocontraction were assessed in 11 healthy young, 11 healthy older, and 11 fall-prone older adults during blindfolded stance on a fixed platform, followed by a sway-referenced platform and then by a fixed platform again. The sway-referenced platform was more compliant for young adults, to induce similar levels of postural sway in both age groups. Participants were asked to press a button whenever they perceived that the platform had stopped moving. Both older groups showed significantly larger and longer postural sway aftereffects during platform stabilization compared with young adults, which were pronounced in fall-prone older adults. In both older groups elevated muscle cocontraction aftereffect was also witnessed. Importantly, these aftereffects were accompanied by an illusory perception of prolonged platform movement. After this, experiment 2 examined whether this illusory perception was a robust age effect or an experimental confound due to greater surface compliance in young adults, which could create a larger perceptual discrepancy between moving and stable conditions. Despite exposure to the same surface compliance levels during sway-reference, the perceptual illusion was maintained in experiment 2 in a new group of 14 healthy older adults compared with 11 young adults. In both studies, older adults took five times longer than young adults to perceive platform stabilization. This supports that sensory reweighting is inefficient in older adults. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first paper to show that postural sway aftereffects witnessed in older adults after platform stabilization may be due to a perceptual illusion of platform movement. Surprisingly, in both experiments presented it took older adults five times longer than young adults to perceive platform stabilization. This supports a hypothesis of less efficient sensory reintegration in this age group, which may delay the formation of an accurate postural percept.

Perceptual illusion of rotation of three-dimensional objects

Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 191 (4230) ◽  
pp. 952-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shepard ◽  
S. Judd
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Perceptual Illusion ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects

The Janus Illusion

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Klopfer ◽  
Michael E. Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Introductory Psychology ◽  
Perceptual Illusion ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The 19Th Century

A perceptual illusion, especially suitable for introductory psychology demonstrations, is described. The essence of the illusion is that an ordinary dime-store plastic mask, when facing 180° away from an observer, will nonetheless appear to face that observer. Moreover, as one moves left and right in the frontal plane, thereby changing the angle from which the mask is viewed, the mask generally appears to follow the moving observer. When the observer is stationary but the mask is rotated slowly, it will appear to oscillate. In addition to being fascinating in its own right, the illusion can be used to illustrate several important points, including that perception is still, as enunciated in the 19th century by Helmholtz, usefully conceptualized as hypothesis testing.

scholarly journals Choice-induced biases in perception

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Luu ◽  
Alan A Stocker
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Perceptual Illusion ◽  
Psychophysical Data ◽  
Observer Model ◽  
Discrimination Judgment ◽  
Perceived Motion ◽  
The Brain

AbstractIllusions provide a great opportunity to study how perception is affected by both the observer's expectations and the way sensory information is represented1,2,3,4,5,6. Recently, Jazayeri and Movshon7 reported a new and interesting perceptual illusion, demonstrating that the perceived motion direction of a dynamic random dot stimulus is systematically biased when preceded by a motion discrimination judgment. The authors hypothesized that these biases emerge because the brain predominantly relies on those neurons that are most informative for solving the discrimination task8, but then is using the same neural weighting profile for generating the percept. In other words, they argue that these biases are “mistakes” of the brain, resulting from using inappropriate neural read-out weights. While we were able to replicate the illusion for a different visual stimulus (orientation), our new psychophysical data suggest that the above interpretation is likely incorrect: Biases are not caused by a read-out profile optimized for solving the discrimination task but rather by the specific choices subjects make in the discrimination task on any given trial. We formulate this idea as a conditioned Bayesian observer model and show that it can explain the new as well as the original psychophysical data. In this framework, the biases are not caused by mistake but rather by the brain's attempt to remain ‘self-consistent’ in its inference process. Our model establishes a direct connection between the current perceptual illusion and the well-known phenomena of cognitive consistency and dissonance9,10.

scholarly journals No specific relationship between hypnotic suggestibility and the rubber hand illusion: a commentary with new and verification analyses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Henrik Ehrsson ◽  
Aikaterini Fotopoulou ◽  
Dominika Radziun ◽  
Matthew Longo ◽  
Manos Tsakiris
Keyword(s):  
Visual Hallucination ◽  
Rubber Hand Illusion ◽  
Experimental Paradigm ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Rubber Hand ◽  
Perceptual Illusion ◽  
Specific Relationship ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Control Of Perception ◽  
General Influence

In a recent study, Lush et al. (Nat Commun 11, 4853, 2020) claimed that they found “substantial relationships” between hypnotizability and experimental measures of the rubber hand illusion. The authors proposed that hypnotizable participants control their phenomenology to meet task expectations arising from the experimental paradigm. They further suggest that the rubber hand illusion “may or may not” be entirely explained by hypnotic suggestions driven by task expectancies and therefore could reflect top-down control of perception, instead of multisensory mechanisms. However, in reanalyzing their data, we observe no significant relationships between hypnotic suggestibility and the rubber hand illusion when quantified using a control condition in line with the authors’ preregistered hypothesis. Furthermore, we note that the relationships that the authors describe are weak and observed for a visual “hallucination” control experience and in the control condition, indicating a general influence of hypnotizability on cognition, rather than sensations that specifically relate to the rubber hand illusion. Overall, the results fit well with the view that the rubber hand illusion is a perceptual illusion driven primarily by multisensory mechanisms.

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