Faculty Opinions recommendation of A circuit supporting concentration-invariant odor perception in Drosophila.

Author(s):  
John Hildebrand ◽  
Hong Lei
Keyword(s):  
2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 845-854
Author(s):  
Nicholas Fallon ◽  
Timo Giesbrecht ◽  
Anna Thomas ◽  
Andrej Stancak

Abstract Congruent visual cues augment sensitivity to brief olfactory presentations and habituation of odor perception is modulated by central-cognitive processing including context. However, it is not known whether habituation to odors could interact with cross-modal congruent stimuli. The present research investigated the effect of visual congruence on odor detection sensitivity during continuous odor exposures. We utilized a multimethod approach, including subjective behavioral responses and reaction times (RTs; study 1) and electroencephalography (EEG, study 2). Study 1: 25 participants received 2-min presentations of moderate-intensity floral odor delivered via olfactometer with congruent (flower) and incongruent (object) image presentations. Participants indicated odor perception after each image. Detection sensitivity and RTs were analyzed in epochs covering the period of habituation. Study 2: 25 new participants underwent EEG recordings during 145-s blocks of odor presentations with congruent or incongruent images. Participants passively observed images and intermittently rated the perceived intensity of odor. Event-related potential analysis was utilized to evaluate brain processing related to odor–visual pairs across the period of habituation. Odor detection sensitivity and RTs were improved by congruent visual cues. Results highlighted a diminishing influence of visual congruence on odor detection sensitivity as habituation occurred. Event-related potential analysis revealed an effect of congruency on electrophysiological processing in the N400 component. This was only evident in early periods of odor exposure when perception was strong. For the first time, this demonstrates the modulation of central processing of odor–visual pairs by habituation. Frontal negativity (N400) responses encode the aspects of cross-modal congruence for odor–vision cross-modal tasks.


i-Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 204166952098333
Author(s):  
Martin Schaefer ◽  
Behzad Iravani ◽  
Artin Arshamian ◽  
Johan N. Lundström

The use of oral contraceptives (OC) in the form of a hormonal pill has been widespread for decades. Despite its popularity and long-time use, there is still much ambiguity and anecdotal reports about a range of potential side effects. Here, we addressed the potential effect of OC use on chemosensory perception. Previous research has almost exclusively focused on olfaction, but we expanded this to the trigeminal system and the sense of taste. We used Bayesian statistics to compare the olfactory, trigeminal, and taste detection abilities between a group of 34 normal cycling women and a group of 26 women using OC. Our results indicated that odor, trigeminal, and taste thresholds were not affected by the use of OC. Moreover, neither odor perception, nor taste perception was affected; all with Bayes factors consistently favoring the null hypothesis. The only exception to these results was odor identification where Bayes factors indicated inconclusive evidence. We conclude that effects of OC use on chemosensory perception are unlikely, and if present, likely are of no to little behavioral relevance.


2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 3254-3262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moustafa Bensafi ◽  
Noam Sobel ◽  
Rehan M. Khan

Although it is known that visual imagery is accompanied by activity in visual cortical areas, including primary visual cortex, whether olfactory imagery exists remains controversial. Here we asked whether cue-dependent olfactory imagery was similarly accompanied by activity in olfactory cortex, and in particular whether hedonic-specific patterns of activity evident in olfactory perception would also be present during olfactory imagery. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure activity in subjects who alternated between smelling and imagining pleasant and unpleasant odors. Activity induced by imagining odors mimicked that induced by perceiving real odorants, not only in the particular brain regions activated, but also in its hedonic-specific pattern. For both real and imagined odors, unpleasant stimuli induced greater activity than pleasant stimuli in the left frontal portion of piriform cortex and left insula. These findings combine with findings from other modalities to suggest activation of primary sensory cortical structures during mental imagery of sensory events.


Breath Odors ◽  
2011 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Nir Sterer ◽  
Mel Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 1432-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Linster ◽  
Qiang Nai ◽  
Matthew Ennis

The mammalian main olfactory bulb receives a significant noradrenergic input from the locus coeruleus. Norepinephrine (NE) is involved in acquisition of conditioned odor preferences in neonatal animals, in some species-specific odor-dependent behaviors, and in adult odor perception. We provide a detailed review of the functional role of NE in adult rodent main olfactory bulb function. We include cellular, synaptic, network, and behavioral data and use computational simulations to tie these different types of data together.


1996 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 271-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHINJI SATOH ◽  
NOBUAKI MORITA ◽  
ICHIYOU MATSUZAKI ◽  
TAKAKO KONISHI ◽  
TAKASHI NAKANO ◽  
...  

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