Faculty Opinions recommendation of Sweetened-fat intake sensitizes gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated feeding responses elicited from the nucleus accumbens shell.

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent Berridge ◽  
Daniel Castro
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens Shell

scholarly journals Alterations in Rat Accumbens Dopamine, Endocannabinoids and GABA Content During WIN55,212-2 Treatment: The Role of Ghrelin

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Chrysostomos Charalambous ◽  
Marek Lapka ◽  
Tereza Havlickova ◽  
Kamila Syslova ◽  
Magdalena Sustkova-Fiserova
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dopamine Release ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens Shell ◽  
Gaba Content ◽  
Dopamine Efflux

The endocannabinoid/CB1R system as well as the central ghrelin signalling with its growth hormone secretagogoue receptors (GHS-R1A) are importantly involved in food intake and reward/reinforcement processing and show distinct overlaps in distribution within the relevant brain regions including the hypothalamus (food intake), the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the nucleus accumbens (NAC) (reward/reinforcement). The significant mutual interaction between these systems in food intake has been documented; however, the possible role of ghrelin/GHS-R1A in the cannabinoid reinforcement effects and addiction remain unclear. Therefore, the principal aim of the present study was to investigate whether pretreatment with GHS-R1A antagonist/JMV2959 could reduce the CB1R agonist/WIN55,212-2–induced dopamine efflux in the nucleus accumbens shell (NACSh), which is considered a crucial trigger impulse of the addiction process. The synthetic aminoalklylindol cannabinoid WIN55,212-2 administration into the posterior VTA induced significant accumbens dopamine release, which was significantly reduced by the 3 mg/kg i.p. JMV2959 pretreatment. Simultaneously, the cannabinoid-increased accumbens dopamine metabolic turnover was significantly augmented by the JMV2959 pretreament. The intracerebral WIN55,212-2 administration also increased the endocannabinoid arachidonoylethanolamide/anandamide and the 2-arachidonoylglycerol/2-AG extracellular levels in the NACSh, which was moderately but significantly attenuated by the JMV2959 pretreatment. Moreover, the cannabinoid-induced decrease in accumbens γ-aminobutyric acid/gamma-aminobutyric acid levels was reversed by the JMV2959 pretreatment. The behavioural study in the LABORAS cage showed that 3 mg/kg JMV2959 pretreatment also significantly reduced the systemic WIN55,212-2-induced behavioural stimulation. Our results demonstrate that the ghrelin/GHS-R1A system significantly participates in the rewarding/reinforcing effects of the cannabinoid/CB1 agonist that are involved in cannabinoid addiction processing.

Nucleus accumbens to globus pallidus GABA projection subserving ambulatory activity

1980 ◽  
Vol 238 (1) ◽  
pp. R65-R69 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Jones ◽  
G. J. Mogenson
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Ambulatory Activity ◽  
Gaba Antagonist ◽  
Dose Dependent

The present experiments investigated the hypothesis of a projection relating to the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from the nucleus accumbens to the globus pallidus subserving ambulatory activity in the rat. The GABA antagonist picrotoxin, microinjected into the globus pallidus, elicited dose-dependent increases in ambulatory activity. The administration of dopamine into the nucleus accumbens had a synergistic effect and further stimulated ambulatory activity. GABA injected into the ventral posterior globus pallidus significantly attenuated the ambulatory activity stimulated by injecting dopamine into the nucleus accumbens. These observations provide evidence of a GABAergic projection from the nucleus accumbens to the globus pallidus and implicate it in the initiation of ambulatory activity.

Pituitary-dependent effects of estradiol-17-β catecholamine turnover rates, gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate concentrations in various hypothalamic and limbic brain structures

1988 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 538-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Jarry ◽  
W. Elger ◽  
E. Düker ◽  
W. Wuttke
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Medial Septum ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Mediobasal Hypothalamus ◽  
Medial Basal Hypothalamus ◽  
Catecholamine Turnover ◽  
Norepinephrine Turnover ◽  
The Brain

Abstract. Estrogens exert many effects in a variety of hypothalamic and mesolimbic structures. Whether the actions of the estrogens are direct or indirect, possibly involving anterior pituitary hormones, is largely unknown. We therefore studied catecholamine turnover rates, gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate concentrations in various hypothalamic and mesolimbic structures in estrogen-treated hypophysectomized (hypox) rats and compared the measured parameters with those in sham hypophysectomized (sham) animals. Results clearly demonstrate that many of the effects of estrogen require an intact pituitary. Dopamine turnover rates in hypox rats were significantly reduced in the hypothalamus and the striatum, whereas they increased in the medial septum and medial preoptic area in comparison with sham rats. Norepinephrine turnover rates were reduced in the anterior mediobasal hypothalamus, somatosensory cortex and the nucleus accumbens of hypox animals in comparison with the sham-operated animals. In contrast, norepinephrine turnover was accelerated in the mediocortical amygdala and posterior medial basal hypothalamus of hypox rats. A significant reduction of epinephrine turnover was evident in the nucleus accumbens of hypox rats. Gamma-aminobutyric acid concentrations increased in the medial septum, anterior and posterior part of the mediobasal hypothalamus, but decreased in the mediocortical amygdala of hypox animals. Concentrations of glutamate were also decreased in the mediocortical amygdala in hypox animals. These results indicate that many direct effects of estrogens in the brain are accompanied by indirect effects which require an intact pituitary. Such effects can best be explained by the estrogen-stimulated high blood prolactin levels, but cannot be ruled out that estrogens act in the brain but require high prolactin levels for their action.

Effects of Injection of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Agonists into the Nucleus Accumbens on Naloxone-Induced Morphine Withdrawal

Pharmacology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betilay Topkara ◽  
Hasan R. Yananli ◽  
Eren Sakallı ◽  
Mahluga Jafarova Demirkapu
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Morphine Withdrawal ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Gaba Agonists ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Aims: This study was to investigate the effects of local administration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists into the nucleus accumbens (NAc) on naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal symptoms. Methods: Bilateral guide cannulas were stereotaxically implanted in the shell or core regions of the NAc of Sprague-Dawley rats. After a recovery period, 3 morphine pellets, each consisting of 75 mg morphine base, were placed subcutaneously on the first and third days of the study with the rats under mild ether anaesthesia. The GABA agonists, baclofen hydrochloride or muscimol hydrobromide, were injected into the NAc, and morphine withdrawal was induced by naloxone on the fifth day. Results: Administration of baclofen to the shell or core regions of the NAc of Sprague-Dawley rats led to statistically significant decreases in both behavioural and locomotor activity parameters during the morphine withdrawal period, compared to the control group. However, there were no statistically significant changes in locomotor activity or withdrawal behavioural parameters, with the exception of wet dog shakes, between control and muscimol-treated groups. Conclusion: These findings show that GABAergic conduction in the NAc is effective on the morphine withdrawal symptoms, and that both the shell and core regions of the NAc are associated with this effect.

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