Faculty Opinions recommendation of A relative shift in cloacal location repositions external genitalia in amniote evolution.

As an integral part of the development of an artificial insemination programme in the captive koala, female reproductive physiology and behaviour were studied. The oestrous cycle in non-mated and mated koalas was characterized by means of behavioural oestrus, morphology of external genitalia and changes in the peripheral plasma concentrations of oestradiol and progestogen. The mean (+/- SEM) duration of the non-mated oestrous cycle and duration of oestrus in 12 koalas was 32.9 +/- 1.1 (n = 22) and 10.3 +/- 0.9 (n = 24) days, respectively. Although the commencement of oestrous behaviour was associated with increasing or high concentrations of oestradiol, there were no consistent changes in the morphology or appearance of the clitoris, pericloacal region, pouch or mammary teats that could be used to characterize the non-mated cycle. As progestogen concentrations remained at basal values throughout the interoestrous period, non-mated cycles were considered non-luteal and presumed anovulatory. After mating of the 12 koalas, six females gave birth with a mean (+/- SEM) gestation of 34.8 +/- 0.3 days, whereas the remaining six non-parturient females returned to oestrus 49.5 +/- 1. 0 days later. After mating, oestrous behaviour ceased and the progestogen profile showed a significant increase in both pregnant and non-parturient females, indicating that a luteal phase had been induced by the physical act of mating. Progestogen concentrations throughout the luteal phase of the pregnant females were significantly higher than those of non-parturient females. Parturition was associated with a decreasing concentration of progestogen, which was increased above that of basal concentrations until 7 days post partum.

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How to manage nonspecific balanitis, persistent erythema and hypopigmentation of the male external genitalia in general medicine practice

Revue Medicale de Bruxelles ◽

10.30637/2019.18-019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 79-87

Author(s):

G Hellgren ◽

D Parent

Keyword(s):

General Medicine ◽

External Genitalia ◽

Male External Genitalia

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of The degree of external genitalia virilization in girls with 21-hydroxylase deficiency appears to be influenced by the CAG repeats in the androgen receptor gene.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1102137.557037 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Phyllis Speiser

Keyword(s):

Androgen Receptor ◽

Receptor Gene ◽

External Genitalia ◽

Androgen Receptor Gene ◽

Cag Repeats ◽

Hydroxylase Deficiency ◽

21 Hydroxylase Deficiency

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Fournier’s gangrene due to Salmonella Typhimurium in a healthy male: a rare aberrant infection

Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871526520666201117143421 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Varsha Gupta ◽

Lipika Singhal ◽

Kritika Pal ◽

Mani Bhushan ◽

Rajeev Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Systemic Disease ◽

External Genitalia ◽

Fournier’S Gangrene ◽

The Body ◽

Healthy Male ◽

Fournier's Gangrene ◽

Salmonella Infections ◽

Chief Complaints ◽

Human Infections

Introduction: Human Salmonella infections have been classically distinguised into diseases caused by typhoidal and non-typhoidal salmonella (NTS). Typhiodal salmonella includes S. enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi that cause the systemic disease but are restricted to human infections, while NTS consists mainly of other serovars that predominantly cause self-limiting gastroenteritis in humans. Localisation of foci with persisting infection occurs due to dissemination of the bacteria throughout the body and can cause a variety of rare clinical syndromes at aberrant sites. Fournier’s gangrene, a rapidly progressive, often fatal, necrotizing fasciitis of the external genitalia and perineum due to Salmonella Typhimurium, is a rare manifestation and has never been reported. Case: A 22-year-old male, apparently healthy patient with no relevant past medical history presented to surgical emergency with chief complaints of swelling of bilateral scrotal area. Infective etiology was considered and a diagnosis of fournier’s gangrene was made. Pure growth of Salmonella Typhimurium was obtained after repeated subculture and was identified biochemically and on serotyping, as Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium using specific antisera. Conclusion: In our case report, we describe a case of fournier’s gangrene due to Salmonella Typhimurium in an otherwise healthy male to highlight the unusual presentation of Non typhoidal salmonellae at an aberrant site. We also emphasize the importance of using selective media like Selenite F broth for isolation of Salmonella Typhimurium from a pus sample.

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Incidental Finding of Leiomyoma in Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome

Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports ◽

10.1177/23247096211014690 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 232470962110146

Author(s):

Oyetokunbo Ibidapo-Obe ◽

Jerome Okudo ◽

Oladunni Filani

Keyword(s):

Developmental Disorder ◽

Congenital Abnormalities ◽

Incidental Finding ◽

Pelvic Mass ◽

External Genitalia ◽

Well Being ◽

African American Female ◽

Mrkh Syndrome ◽

Low Probability ◽

The Right

Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a sexual developmental disorder. In this disorder, there is a congenital absence of the uterus and vagina with normal external genitalia. The etiology is not well understood. Variations of this condition exist that may include congenital abnormalities and psychological problems. In this article, we discuss the case of a 47-year-old African American female who presented with acute renal failure, solitary right kidney, and a pelvic mass extending from the pelvis to the right hypochondrium determined to be a fibroid. The patient was managed by a multidisciplinary team, dialyzed, and planned for removal of the mass. While understanding the low probability of having fibroids without a uterus, fibroids should not be excluded from such patients. It is also important to consider the emotional and psychological well-being of such patients.

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Management of peno-scrotal wound defects in a tertiary hospital in North-Western Nigeria: a 20-year retrospective review

African Journal of Urology ◽

10.1186/s12301-021-00167-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Abubakar Sadiq Muhammad ◽

Ngwobia Peter Agwu ◽

Abdullahi Abduwahab-Ahmed ◽

Ahmed Mohammed Umar ◽

Muhammad Ujudud Musa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Significance ◽

Graft Loss ◽

External Genitalia ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Advancement Flap ◽

Fournier’S Gangrene ◽

Fournier's Gangrene ◽

Direct Closure ◽

Secondary Intention ◽

North Western

Abstract Background Fournier’s gangrene and trauma to the external genitalia are the commonest causes of peno-scrotal wound defects in our environment. The management of these patients includes initial resuscitation and subsequent wound care with or without wound cover. The aim of this study is to document our experience in the management of peno-scrotal defects in a tertiary hospital of North-Western Nigeria. Methods This is a 20-year retrospective study of patients managed for peno-scrotal wound defects by the Urology Unit in the Department of Surgery of our hospital from January 2001 to December 2019. Data were collected from the patients’ case notes and entered into a proforma. Data were analysed using SPSS version 25.0. Results A total number of 54 patients with peno-scrotal wound defects were managed within the study period with the mean age of 46.27 ± 22.09 years and a range of six weeks to 107 years. The wound defects were sequelae of Fournier’s gangrene in 42 patients (77.8%) and traumatic in 12 patients (22.2%). Healing by secondary intention was achieved in 20 patients (37.0%). Direct closure was done in 17 patients (31.5%), skin graft in nine patients (16.7%), and advancement flap in eight patients (14.8%) depending on the location and size of the defects. Fourteen patients (26.0%) developed surgical site infection ± wound dehiscence and partial graft loss. The complication rate was higher in post-Fournier’s gangrene wound defects, but without statistical significance (p = 0.018). Conclusion Fournier’s gangrene and trauma to the external genitalia are the commonest causes of peno-scrotal wound defects in our environment. Smaller wound defects were healed by secondary intention, while larger defects required either direct closure or the use of advancement flap or skin grafting depending on the location and size of the wound. The study reported a higher post-repair complication in patients that had Fournier’s gangrene.

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Color Response Modification of Encapsulated Liquid Crystals Used in Rotating Disk Heat Transfer Studies

Volume 1: Turbomachinery ◽

10.1115/95-gt-439 ◽

1995 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cengiz Camci ◽

Boris Glezer

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Liquid Crystal ◽

Liquid Crystals ◽

Rotational Speed ◽

Rotating Disk ◽

Point Of View ◽

Centrifugal Acceleration ◽

Relative Shift ◽

Color Response ◽

Stationary Conditions

The liquid crystal thermography can be successfully used in both transient and steady-state heat transfer experiments with excellent spatial resolution and good accuracy. Although most of the past liquid crystal based heat transfer studies are reported in the stationary frame, measurements from the rotating frame of turbomachinery systems exist The main objective of the present investigation is to determine the influence of rotation on the color calibration of encapsulated liquid crystals sprayed on the flat surface of a rotating aluminum disk. The investigation is performed for a rotational speed range from 0 rpm to 7500 rpm using three different liquid crystal coatings displaying red at 30, 35 and 45° C, under stationary conditions. An immediate observation from the present study is that the color response of liquid crystals is strongly modified by the centrifugal acceleration of the rotating environment. It is consistently and repeatedly observed that the hue versus temperature curve is continuously shifted toward lower temperatures by increasing rotational speed. The relative shift of the display temperature of the green can be as high as 7°C at 7500 rpm when compared to the temperature of the green observed under stationary conditions. The present study shows that relative shift of the liquid crystal color has a well-defined functional dependency to rotational speed. The shift is linearly proportional to the centrifugal acceleration. It is interesting to note that the individual shift curves of the green for all three liquid crystal coatings collapse into a single curve when they are normalized with respect to their own stationary green values. When the color attribute is selected as “intensity” instead of “hue”, very similar shifts of the temperature corresponding to the intensity maximum value appearing around green is observed. An interpretation of the observed color shift is made from a thermodynamics energy balance point of view.

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