Faculty Opinions recommendation of Distinct neurophysiological correlates of the fMRI BOLD signal in the hippocampus and neocortex.

Abstract. We hypothesized that in healthy subjects differences in resting heart rate variability (rHRV) would be associated with differences in emotional reactivity within the medial visceromotor network (MVN). We also probed whether this MVN-rHRV relationship was diminished in depression. Eleven healthy adults and nine depressed subjects performed the emotional counting stroop task in alternating blocks of emotion and neutral words during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The correlation between rHRV outside the scanner and BOLD signal reactivity (absolute value of change between adjacent blocks in the BOLD signal) was examined in specific MVN regions. Significant negative correlations were observed between rHRV and average BOLD shift magnitude (BSM) in several MVN regions in healthy subjects but not depressed subjects. This preliminary report provides novel evidence relating emotional reactivity in MVN regions to rHRV. It also provides preliminary suggestive evidence that depression may involve reduced interaction between the MVN and cardiac vagal control.

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BOLD-signal changes in human visual cortex related to the fading of learned somatosensory-visual associations

Klinische Neurophysiologie ◽

10.1055/s-2008-1072901 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 39 (01) ◽

Author(s):

M Trenner ◽

R Schubert ◽

HR Heekeren ◽

M Fahle

Keyword(s):

Visual Cortex ◽

Bold Signal ◽

Human Visual Cortex ◽

Signal Changes

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Spectral analysis of physiological brain pulsations affecting the BOLD signal

Human Brain Mapping ◽

10.1002/hbm.25547 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lauri Raitamaa ◽

Niko Huotari ◽

Vesa Korhonen ◽

Heta Helakari ◽

Anssi Koivula ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spectral Analysis ◽

Bold Signal

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A novel method of quantifying hemodynamic delays to improve hemodynamic response, and CVR estimates in CO2 challenge fMRI

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1177/0271678x20978582 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0271678X2097858

Author(s):

Jinxia (Fiona) Yao ◽

Ho-Ching (Shawn) Yang ◽

James H Wang ◽

Zhenhu Liang ◽

Thomas M Talavage ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arrival Time ◽

Stress Test ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Hemodynamic Response ◽

Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽

Cerebrovascular Reactivity ◽

Bold Signal ◽

Hemodynamic Response Function ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

Co2 Challenge

Elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) in breathing air is widely used as a vasoactive stimulus to assess cerebrovascular functions under hypercapnia (i.e., “stress test” for the brain). Blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) is a contrast mechanism used in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). BOLD is used to study CO2-induced cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), which is defined as the voxel-wise percentage BOLD signal change per mmHg change in the arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2). Besides the CVR, two additional important parameters reflecting the cerebrovascular functions are the arrival time of arterial CO2 at each voxel, and the waveform of the local BOLD signal. In this study, we developed a novel analytical method to accurately calculate the arrival time of elevated CO2 at each voxel using the systemic low frequency oscillations (sLFO: 0.01-0.1 Hz) extracted from the CO2 challenge data. In addition, 26 candidate hemodynamic response functions (HRF) were used to quantitatively describe the temporal brain reactions to a CO2 stimulus. We demonstrated that our approach improved the traditional method by allowing us to accurately map three perfusion-related parameters: the relative arrival time of blood, the hemodynamic response function, and CVR during a CO2 challenge.

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The dual nature of the BOLD signal: Responses in visual area hMT + reflect both input properties and perceptual decision

Human Brain Mapping ◽

10.1002/hbm.25339 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 1920-1929

Author(s):

Teresa Sousa ◽

João V. Duarte ◽

Gabriel N. Costa ◽

Valentin G. Kemper ◽

Ricardo Martins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Area ◽

Bold Signal ◽

Dual Nature ◽

Perceptual Decision

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The coupling of BOLD signal variability and degree centrality underlies cognitive functions and psychiatric diseases

NeuroImage ◽

10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118187 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 118187

Author(s):

Jintao Sheng ◽

Liang Zhang ◽

Junjiao Feng ◽

Jing Liu ◽

Anqi Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Functions ◽

Degree Centrality ◽

Psychiatric Diseases ◽

Bold Signal ◽

Signal Variability

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Brain reactivity using fMRI to insomnia stimuli in insomnia patients with discrepancy between subjective and objective sleep

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81219-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Young-Bo Kim ◽

Nambeom Kim ◽

Jae Jun Lee ◽

Seo-Eun Cho ◽

Kyoung-Sae Na ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Activity ◽

Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Cognitive Distortion ◽

Sleep Diary ◽

Bold Signal ◽

Blood Oxygen Level ◽

General Anxiety ◽

Sleep Deficit ◽

Perception Of Sleep

AbstractSubjective–objective discrepancy of sleep (SODS) might be related to the distorted perception of sleep deficit and hypersensitivity to insomnia-related stimuli. We investigated differences in brain activation to insomnia-related stimuli among insomnia patients with SODS (SODS group), insomnia patients without SODS (NOSODS group), and healthy controls (HC). Participants were evaluated for subjective and objective sleep using sleep diary and polysomnography. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted during the presentation of insomnia-related (Ins), general anxiety-inducing (Gen), and neutral (Neu) stimuli. Brain reactivity to the contrast of Ins vs. Neu and Gen vs. Neu was compared among the SODS (n = 13), NOSODS (n = 15), and HC (n = 16) groups. In the SODS group compared to other groups, brain areas including the left fusiform, bilateral precuneus, right superior frontal gyrus, genu of corpus callosum, and bilateral anterior corona radiata showed significantly increased blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal in the contrast of Ins vs. Neu. There was no brain region with significantly increased BOLD signal in the Gen vs. Neu contrast in the group comparisons. Increased brain activity to insomnia-related stimuli in several brain regions of the SODS group is likely due to these individuals being more sensitive to sleep-related threat and negative cognitive distortion toward insomnia.

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