Representativeness of the field of rural buildings and ambience in Brazilian journals / Representatividade do campo dos edifícios rurais e do ambiente nas revistas brasileiras

Rural buildings play a central role on the environmental characteristics of the extra-urban land. They accompanied in the centuries the development of agricultural activities by humans, who was so able to breed cattle, to grow and yield crops, and to store, transform and process agricultural products in a functional and efficient way, working into intensive conditions, so being unaffected by the external climate. On the other hand, constructions built by the farmer-man marked the territory, influencing and steering the spontaneous development of nature, while leading to production that enabled humanity to get food. Vernacular farm buildings, often used as seasonal settlements, are in some cases organised in areas of mountain pasture for summer cattle grazing. Even if in most case they were abandoned during recent years - since people living there moved to more comfortable residences within urban settlements - their contemporary potential for preserving traditional cattle-raising procedures and dairy products, rich cultural-historical heritage and perspectives of organised tourism activities, appears a very intriguing task to be approached. Rural tourism - including agro-, eco- and cultural tourism - offers indeed new opportunities for enjoying the extra-urban land in close contact with naturally untouched landscapes. It enables to appreciate some traditional aspects that the new industrialised modern society may have forgotten. The opportunities offered by rural tourism could help in the development of environmentally friendly tourism, which is growing three times faster than those choosing mainstream trips. With the aim to valorise the vernacular rural buildings in some mountain areas of the Adriatic-Ionian macro-region, in the present paper a first approach was proposed, through the implementation of a geographical information system aimed to survey the current situation into two different mountain areas within this macro-region, located in Southern Italy and Montenegro. This first step could pave the way for future possible planning the restoration of these buildings, within the general framework of a concerted approach aimed to their safeguard and the general sustainability of their landscape inclusion, fighting the progressive abandonment of rural land. The exploitation of their unexpressed potential in the sector of tourism usage, together with cultural and historical heritage, rich tradition and old infrastructure, would therefore reveal an interesting profitable way for their valorisation.

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Innovative management of rural buildings

Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development ◽

10.1108/jchmsd-09-2017-0065 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 43-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marzia Morena ◽

Gian Battista Bischetti ◽

Maria Luisa Del Gatto ◽

Anna Gornati

Keyword(s):

Real Estate Market ◽

Point Of View ◽

Analysis Tool ◽

Full Potential ◽

Analysis Model ◽

Property Development ◽

Grazing Land ◽

Content Type ◽

The Real Estate ◽

Rural Buildings

Purpose This study forms part of a larger project funded by Cariplo Foundation. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the scope to exploit the full potential and upgrade the functions of abandoned or under-utilized typical highland Alpine pasture systems (made by a complex of grazing fields, buildings for temporal animal and human recovery and dairy production, identified as Malga system or Alpeggio), by adopting the property investor’s point of view. Design/methodology/approach This study has adapted the traditional property development processes to rural buildings, thus generating an analysis model that proves able to define a new destination of use whenever the project considers the reuse of existing facilities. Findings The proposed model analyzes the technological, functional and territory features of the building to be upgraded, to assess the technical feasibility of the changeover project and identify the highest and best use of Malga-systems. The model has been applied to all the Malga-systems in the Orobie Bergamasche Park; it performed a comprehensive assessment of the development potential of the Malga-systems in the same Park. Research limitations/implications The design of the model took into consideration the specificities of the Orobie Bergamasche Park; nevertheless, the method can be taken as an example to be applied to any grazing land in the Alps. Originality/value This research provides the real estate market with a new analysis tool that is specific for the rural buildings, and suitable to streamline the procedures designed to upgrade these properties and to infuse new life into the territories that are experiencing a period of hardship and/or decay.

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Damages to Rural Buildings and Facilities Observed in the Aftermath of 2012 Emilia Earthquakes

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering - Innovative Biosystems Engineering for Sustainable Agriculture, Forestry and Food Production ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-39299-4_37 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 323-331

Author(s):

M. Bovo ◽

A. Barbaresi ◽

D. Torreggiani ◽

P. Tassinari

Keyword(s):

Rural Buildings

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Improved Mask R-CNN for Rural Building Roof Type Recognition from UAV High-Resolution Images: A Case Study in Hunan Province, China

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs14020265 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 265

Author(s):

Yanjun Wang ◽

Shaochun Li ◽

Fei Teng ◽

Yunhao Lin ◽

Mengjie Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

High Resolution ◽

Edge Detection ◽

Hunan Province ◽

Building Roof ◽

Rural Buildings ◽

High Resolution Images ◽

Rgb Images ◽

Sobel Edge Detection ◽

Model Recognition

Accurate roof information of buildings can be obtained from UAV high-resolution images. The large-scale accurate recognition of roof types (such as gabled, flat, hipped, complex and mono-pitched roofs) of rural buildings is crucial for rural planning and construction. At present, most UAV high-resolution optical images only have red, green and blue (RGB) band information, which aggravates the problems of inter-class similarity and intra-class variability of image features. Furthermore, the different roof types of rural buildings are complex, spatially scattered, and easily covered by vegetation, which in turn leads to the low accuracy of roof type identification by existing methods. In response to the above problems, this paper proposes a method for identifying roof types of complex rural buildings based on visible high-resolution remote sensing images from UAVs. First, the fusion of deep learning networks with different visual features is investigated to analyze the effect of the different feature combinations of the visible difference vegetation index (VDVI) and Sobel edge detection features and UAV visible images on model recognition of rural building roof types. Secondly, an improved Mask R-CNN model is proposed to learn more complex features of different types of images of building roofs by using the ResNet152 feature extraction network with migration learning. After we obtained roof type recognition results in two test areas, we evaluated the accuracy of the results using the confusion matrix and obtained the following conclusions: (1) the model with RGB images incorporating Sobel edge detection features has the highest accuracy and enables the model to recognize more and more accurately the roof types of different morphological rural buildings, and the model recognition accuracy (Kappa coefficient (KC)) compared to that of RGB images is on average improved by 0.115; (2) compared with the original Mask R-CNN, U-Net, DeeplabV3 and PSPNet deep learning models, the improved Mask R-CNN model has the highest accuracy in recognizing the roof types of rural buildings, with F1-score, KC and OA averaging 0.777, 0.821 and 0.905, respectively. The method can obtain clear and accurate profiles and types of rural building roofs, and can be extended for green roof suitability evaluation, rooftop solar potential assessment, and other building roof surveys, management and planning.

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Ecology and morphology of the dwarf bromeliad boa Ungaliophis panamensis (Squamata, Boidae, Ungaliophiinae) in Costa Rica and Panama

Neotropical Biology and Conservation ◽

10.3897/neotropical.16.e57872 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 317-331

Author(s):

Todd R. Lewis ◽

Rowland K. Griffin ◽

Irune Maguregui Martin ◽

Alex Figueroa ◽

Julie M. Ray ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

Natural History ◽

Latent Variable ◽

Major Axis ◽

Small Sample ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Sexually Dimorphic ◽

Ecological Information ◽

Rural Buildings ◽

Forested Areas

Ecological and morphological data on Ungaliophis panamensis is extremely limited as this species is rarely encountered. These knowledge gaps have been advanced in this study where data was analysed from a small sample of snakes collected in two tropical forested environments in Costa Rica and Panama. Standardised major axis testing and a Bayesian latent variable ordination revealed that the species is sexually dimorphic, closely associated with tree trunks in natural forested areas, and occasionally discovered in rural buildings. Although further investigation into its natural history is warranted, this study shows that even with just a few individuals it is possible to elucidate ecological information that is relevant to the conservation of snake species.

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5. Color in Rural Buildings (1892)

Accents as Well as Broad Effects ◽

10.1525/9780520315860-007 ◽

1996 ◽

pp. 59-63

Keyword(s):

Rural Buildings

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What Went Wrong? Decline and Ruralization in Eleventh-Century Anatolia

Social Change in Town and Country in Eleventh-Century Byzantium ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198841616.003.0006 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 98-132

Author(s):

Philipp Niewöhner

Keyword(s):

Rural Population ◽

Eleventh Century ◽

Byzantine Empire ◽

Urban Decline ◽

Building Projects ◽

General Lack ◽

Rural Buildings

Much of eleventh-century Anatolia seems to have been short on prosperity and ambitious building projects, although palynological evidence indicates an intensification of agriculture and an increase of rural population. Rural affluence appears to have been paired with, and outweighed by, urban decline. As the occasional rural buildings were relatively small, insignificant, and undistinguished, they seem to have been ill-suited to compensate for the general lack of large, important, and trend-setting urban constructions. This chapter considers the evidence of churches, templon epistyles, and fortifications, before asking, ‘What went wrong?’ Why did eleventh-century Anatolia fare worse than the contemporary Aegean, Greece, and more generally the Balkan part of the Byzantine Empire?

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Organized Framework of Main Possible Applications of Sheep Wool Fibers in Building Components

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12030761 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 761 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Monica C.M. Parlato ◽

Simona M.C. Porto

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Load ◽

Natural Fibers ◽

Green Building ◽

Production Costs ◽

Acoustic Properties ◽

Wool Fibers ◽

Rural Buildings ◽

Building Components ◽

High Bacterial Load ◽

Sheep Wool

Greasy sheep wool is currently considered a special waste for its high bacterial load, with expensive disposal costs for sheep breeders. For this reason, wool is often burned or buried, with serious consequences for the environment. On the other hand, sheep wool is well regarded as one of the most performative insulating natural fibers due to its thermo-hygrometric and acoustic properties. In the building sector, sheep wool meets the requirements of green building components because it is an eco-friendly material, there is a surplus of it, it is annually renewable, and totally recyclable. If used instead of common insulation materials (e.g., fiberglass, rock wool, polyurethane foam, polystyrene), sheep wool offers significant benefits for sustainability such as a reduction in the production costs for new insulating materials and in environmental pollution. Mechanical and physical properties of sheep wool investigated in previous studies were assessed and discussed with the aim of providing an organized framework of possible applications of wool fibers in building components. This paper highlights in detail aspects that have not yet been investigated enough to detect new potential uses of sheep wool fibers in rural buildings and the reuse of traditional ones.

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