scholarly journals “We Missed Caparica”: a Experiência Educativa do Estrangeiro em The Young Traveller in Portugal (1955)

2017 ◽  
pp. 229-259
Author(s):  
Maria Zulmira Castanheira
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
World War ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Young Readers ◽  
The World ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
The Way

In 1947, shortly after World War II, when major growth in tourism began, the London publisher Phoenix House launched an illustrated series titled «The Young Traveller Series». The first volume, set in South Africa, would be followed by another 40, targeting 12 to 16 year olds. The aim was to describe the way of life in several countries, exposing young readers to the diversity of the world and to linguistic and cultural differences. Avoiding the drier conventions of the travel book (in particular the profusion of objective, practical, utilitarian information), the series adopted an attractive and effective method of presenting the Other to an audience comprising children and young people, publishing narratives starring children and teenagers who go through the exciting experience of coming into contact with the most diverse regions of the globe. In 1955 a volume dedicated to Portugal was published: The Young Traveller in Portugal, by the journalist Honor Wyatt (1910-1998). A “book of fiction based on fact”, it is strongly autobiographical in tone, as it is the result of a journey to Estado Novo Portugal made by the author in 1953 together with her husband and two children, with the specific purpose of writing a book about this Iberian country. According to the principles of the series, the work relates a trip that from the beginning is intended as educational. Travelling along an alternative itinerary to those enshrined in travel guides, the English family escapes growing massification and instead seeks circuits that correspond to individual tastes and cultural interests. This article analyses how Portugal and the Portuguese are portrayed in this work for young British readers. Special attention is paid to the attitude of the protagonists towards the Portuguese Other and to the way the trip is presented as an experience that provides a comparison between the place of origin of the traveller and the country visited, with the consequent process of self-identification through differentiation. Getting away from the routine of everyday English life represents for the two younger characters a chance of adventure and personal challenge that has always been associated with travel. Furthermore, it is an opportunity to learn two important lessons: that Europe is not a homogeneous space, that it is, rather, made up of differences and specificities, and that the experience of the foreign can promote tolerance and understanding among peoples and cultures.

West Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-123
Author(s):  
Danilo Mandić
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Regional Politics ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
World War ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
The World

This chapter focuses on West Africa during 1989–2019. West Africa's transnational smuggling enterprises are hardly a novelty — or as menacing as they sound. Troc, or barter trade, is a way of life that preceded and survived colonialism. Commerce is known as al-frud, from the French fraude (fraud), reflecting the World War II-era tradition of regional smuggling. What is new in the globalized period is that mafias in five nations — and just as many budding ones — have played formative roles in regional politics. Three of the host states (Mali, Senegal, and Nigeria) were significantly torn by ethnocentric, separatist-controlled rackets in drugs and migrants (Azawad), marijuana (Casamance), and extortion (Boko Haram). Nigeria employed ethnocentric Niger Delta mafias to fight its northern separatists. In Niger's Agadez and Cameroon's Ambazonia, however, organized crime promoted cohesion.

scholarly journals Ready for the Homeland

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Katarina Damcevic ◽  
Filip Rodik
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
The Other ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Revisionism ◽  
Communicative Functions ◽  
The World ◽  
Facebook Pages ◽  
The Way

The article analyzes nationalistically motivated online hate speech on selected right-wing public Facebook pages in Croatia. The rise of historical revisionism and populism paved the way for the growing presence of hate speech, with the most salient example being the resurfacing of the World War II fascist salute Za dom spremni (“Ready for the Homeland”) across different communicative situations. We account for the online dynamic of Za dom spremni as well as for the most frequent expressions of xenophobia that accompany the salute by presenting data gathered between 2012 – 2017 using Facebook Graph API. From the total of 4.5 million postings published by readers, those containing Za dom spremni and its variations were filtered and followed by the frequency and prevalence of the accompanying notions. By relying on cultural semiotics, we highlight the socio-communicative functions of hate speech on two levels. Firstly, the notion of the semiosphere helps us illustrate how hate speech is used to reproduce the idea of Croatianness as the dominant self-description. Secondly, we examine how the dominant self-description maintains the boundary between us and the other by merging diverse textual fragments and how their perseverance depends on the communicative situations they enter online.

✦ Superpower Saints ✦

2019 ◽  
pp. 125-164
Author(s):  
Kathleen Sprows Cummings
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
The World ◽  
Gender And Power ◽  
Fierce Competition ◽  
The Way ◽  
The Catholic Church ◽  
Daughters Of Charity

This chapter focuses on Elizabeth Ann Seton’s cause between papal conclave of 1939, when her cause leaped forward at the Roman Center, through Seton’s beatification in 1963. It analyzes gender and power in the Catholic church through the conflict between Seton’s Daughters of Charity and the Vincentian priest assigned to serve as Seton’s vice-postulator. It explains the fierce competition between Seton’s advocates and those of John Neumann, who was also beatified in 1963. The chapter argues that in the post-World War II era, saints became stand-ins for U.S. Catholics' new role in the nation and in the world--and harbingers of more transformations on the way, in sanctity and beyond.

Narratives and International Reconciliation

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-247
Author(s):  
Jennifer Lind
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
South Korea ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
World War ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Memories ◽  
The Way

Abstract In relations between Japan and South Korea, as well as between other former adversaries, observers frequently argue that “history stands in the way” of better relations. They expect that hostile historical narratives will prevent leaders from pursuing potentially advantageous cooperation. To evaluate this claim, in this article I define narratives and their elements, noting that they range from more hostile to more friendly. I outline and theoretically develop two perspectives: the view of history as an obstacle, and a view more optimistic about the potential for cooperation and narrative transformation. Evidence from Franco-German relations after World War II, as well as other cases across time and space, supports the latter, more optimistic, view. Finally, I hypothesize different strategic and domestic conditions that make cooperation and narrative change more or less likely. Ultimately, I argue that observers have exaggerated the constraining power of narratives and thus underestimated the potential for cooperation between former enemies. This has important implications for relations between longtime rivals all over the world, and particularly in East Asia, where a conventional wisdom expects historical memories to impede balancing against China's rise.

scholarly journals WATER FOR ALL? DEVELOPING A HUMAN RIGHT TO WATER IN NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LAW

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
The Rt Hon Lady Justice Arden
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
International Law ◽  
Universal Declaration ◽  
European Convention ◽  
World War ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

Human rights are one of the great ideas of the twentieth century. After World War II, first Eleanor Roosevelt in relation to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (‘the Universal Declaration’), and then later the drafters of the European Convention on Human Rights (‘the European Convention’) saw human rights as the way to make the world fairer and safer.

Beyond Economic Disarmament

1983 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Harold K. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
International Institution ◽  
World War ◽  
Critical Juncture ◽  
Member States ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Welfare ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
The Way

The volume and value of international trade have grown at exceptional rates in the years since World War II, rates of growth that are significantly higher than those for population or production. In a substantial measure the gains in global welfare that have been achieved during this period are attributable to the growth in international trade. The reduction of barriers to trade, accomplished through the instrumentality of a modest international institution, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), has played a major role in facilitating the growth of international trade. GATT is currently, however, at a critical juncture. The issue that GATT faces is: can the liberalized conditions for international trade that have been achieved through complicated and time-consuming negotiations be maintained and extended or will the world drift—or perhaps even rush—toward protectionism?The trade ministers of GATT's 88 member states meeting in Geneva last November sought to promote further progress toward liberalization or at least to prevent backsliding. Whether or not their efforts will succeed remains to be seen. The obstacles in the way of success are formidable, and the instruments for overcoming them are fragile.

scholarly journals Viruses and insects

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
JACEK SZWEDO
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Global State ◽  
Evolutionary Effect ◽  
World War ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

Living under severe confinement and global state of war imposed by the emergence and worldwide very rapid spreading of the viral epidemic of zoonotic origin—coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the world is yet again experiencing a weird period. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the defining global health crisis of our time and the greatest challenge we have faced since World War II, stressing every one of the countries it touches; it is creating devastating social, economic and political crises that will leave deep scars and will undoubtedly change the way we live and interact with each other. The number of known disease-causing viruses have been increasing in the last few decades and this trend is likely to continue. Therefore, it is legitimate to think about the evolutionary effect of viruses and their influence on the processes of organisms.

Controlled Smoking: Implications for Research on Tobacco use

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 647-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitta Kolte ◽  
Henning Schmidt-Semisch
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Nicotine Addiction ◽  
World War ◽  
Research Project ◽  
The World ◽  
Prospective Research ◽  
The Way

Tobacco might be the most widespread “Genussmittel” (a good that is defined in terms of its users' intentions to enjoy, relish its taste, effects, etc.; “Genuss”) in the world. But even though the use of tobacco is primarily motivated by an expectation of “Genuss,” within recent years the main public focus has turned to the problematic aspects of smoking. In the years after World War II concerns were directed toward the harms of tobacco. Then – starting in the 1980s – the discourse on harm changed into a discourse on (nicotine) addiction. This article outlines a prospective research project concerned with the way the addiction discourse continuously reproduces current patterns of “addicted smoking” in the form of a self-fulfilling prophecy.

scholarly journals The postwar capitalism

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-185
Author(s):  
Luka Mesec
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Great Depression ◽  
Liberal Theory ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
World War ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Concise Overview ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

In this paper, I will try to offer a very concise overview of the development of the capitalism after the World War II. Specific historical constellation in the postwar period has enabled the development of Keynesian project in response to the crisis of the Great Depression. However, due to the inherent contradictions of the capitalist system, the Keynesian project has exhausted itself by the beginning of the 1970s, which caused a new crisis. This opened the way for the return of neo-liberal theory and neo-liberal policies that dominates today.

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