scholarly journals Radiographic features of the dorsal condylar sagittal ridge of the third metacarpal and metatarsal bones in young Warmblood stallions

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (06) ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Martens ◽  
J. Declercq ◽  
V. Busoni ◽  
K. Vanderperren ◽  
H. van Bree ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Metatarsal Bone ◽  
Research Fund ◽  
Bone Surface ◽  
Radiographic Appearance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dorsal Aspect ◽  
Metatarsal Bones ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Metatarsophalangeal Joints

Summary Objectives: To describe the radiographic appearance of the dorsoproximal aspect of the sagittal ridge of the third metacarpal/metatarsal bone in Warmblood horses. Methods: The lateromedial radiographic projections of the metacarpo-/metatarsophalangeal joints performed on horses as a part of stallion selection were used. The dorsal aspect of the distal third metacarpal/metatarsal bone was divided in two areas. The appearance of the bone surface in area I was classified as normal, irregular, notch, indentation and lucency. For area II, the categories were normal, irregular, depression or lucency and flattening of the sagittal ridge. Other abnormalities at the dorsal aspect were also noted. Results: In area I, 51.5% of the ridges appeared normal, 19.3% were irregular, 8.9% had a notch, 8.1% had a lucency, and 12.2% had an indentation. In 1.2% of the horses a fragment was present, and in 1.7% a fragment was suspected.In area II, 90.6% of the metacarpo-/metatarsophalangeal joints were normal, 6.2% were irregular, 2.9% showed a depression or lucency, and the sagittal ridge in 0.2% was flattened. A fragment was present in 0.3%, and suspected in 0.4%. Clinical significance: Morphological variation is present at the dorsal aspect of the metacarpo-/metatarsophalangeal joint in young Warmblood stallions. These various aspects should be recognised and described in horses presented for prepurchase examination. However, their clinical relevance in the individual horse is unclear and needs further investigation.Funding: Stijn Hauspie is a research fellow of the “Special Research Fund”, Ghent University (Belgium).

scholarly journals Osteosynthesis with Blocked Nail (“interlocking nail”) as a Treatment for Fracture of the Third Metatarsal after Metatarsophalangeal Arthrodesis with Modified Intramedullary Nail in Equine

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Fagner Da Silva Machado ◽  
Peterson Triches Dornbusch ◽  
Mariana Cocco ◽  
Jackson Schade ◽  
Eric Danilo Pauls Sotelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intramedullary Nail ◽  
Dynamic Compression ◽  
Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Type A ◽  
Metatarsal Bone ◽  
Joint Stabilization ◽  
Aesthetic Result ◽  
The Third ◽  
Main Technique ◽  
Metatarsophalangeal Joints

Background: The metacarpal/metatarsophalangeal joints, as well as the suspensory apparatus, are usually affected by injuries, due to the intense physical demand during sports and great range of motion, predisposing to degenerative processes, trauma and rupture of the suspensory apparatus. In this case, arthrodesis is the main technique indicated. Such surgical techniques have a poor prognosis due to post-surgical complications, such as implant infection. Therefore, the study of procedures that promote better joint stabilization is important, with reduced surgical time and tissue exposure, decreasing significantly the chance of infection and other possible complications.Case: A 5-year-old male horse was referred to the hospital with a history of trauma and a lacerating wound in the metatarsal plantar region of the left hindlimb. The animal presented grade IV (I-V) claudication of the left hindlimb with hyperextension of the metatarsophalangeal joint and significant pain on palpation, evidencing the rupture of the superficial, deep digital flexor tendons and suspensory ligament of the fetlock. The initial surgical treatment was performed using the arthrodesis technique described by [16]. The intramedullary nail was used with fixation of the plate on the plantar face of the first phalanx together with a single plate fused to the pin, adjusted according to size of the first phalanx, 13 mm thick x 15 cm long, forming an angle between 120º and 140º. 24 hours after surgery, there was a simple spiral diaphyseal fracture (type A), in the middle third of the third metatarsal bone in the region of the proximal end, due to the lever held by the short nail against the diaphysis cortex. To treat the complication, an intramedullary 316 L surgical steel rod 13 mm thick x 21 cm long was used, filling the entire spinal canal. The nail had three holes at the proximal end and two holes at the distal end allowing the fixation of screws for cortical bone of 5.5 mm at the ends of the third metatarsal bone, stabilizing the fracture. Radiographic control of the limb was performed each 15 days, with immobilization for 90 days after surgery, thus verifying total consolidation. Concomitantly with the immobilization time, the patient showed improvement in the condition and adequate joint stabilization, presenting degree II (I-V) of lameness, due to the process of ankyloses elapsed from joint degeneration. After 10 months, the horse showed a reduction in claudication, classified as grade I (I-V). The owner was satisfied with the functional and aesthetic result of the treatment, where the animal started to be mounted and used for walks.Discussion: In this case, the treatment indicated was an arthrodesis of the metatarsophalangeal joint, due to the hyperextension of the metatarsophalangeal joint and rupture of the suspensory apparatus, since they play a fundamental supporting role. There are many arthrodesis techniques for the metacarpal/metatarsophalangeal joints; however, most of them present several complications, such as implant failure, infections and laminitis of the contralateral limb. For this reason, the development of new techniques that show satisfactory results and less disadvantages in the post-surgical period are fundamental. The nails are advantageous in relation to other fixation methods, presenting lower cost, practical application and allow the support of the fractured limb after return from anesthesia. In the case of simple spiral shaft fractures (type A), the blocked nail system promotes satisfactory stability in the fracture focus, especially for open fractures. When compared to the dynamic compression plate, it is less invasive and can be implanted as a semi-closed surgical procedure, beyond to supporting high loads in vivo.

Plantar Dislocation of the Metatarsophalangeal Joint: Case Report

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 446-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Stephenson ◽  
Timothy L. Beck ◽  
E. Greer Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Kirschner Wire ◽  
Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Metatarsal Head ◽  
The Third ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Plantar Aspect ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Metatarsophalangeal Joints

Dislocations of lesser metatarsophalangeal joints are rare and are almost always dorsal hyperextension injuries. The patient reported sustained plantar dislocations of the second and third metatarsophalangeal joints in a motor vehicle accident; the mechanism of injury was hyperflexion. Closed reduction was not possible, and at the time of open reduction, the extensor digitorum longus and brevis tendons to the third toe were trapped beneath the plantar aspect of the third metatarsal head. Once the tendons were retracted dorsomedially, the joint was easily reduced. Fixation with a Kirschner wire was necessary because of joint instability.

Gait Analysis of the Donor Foot in Microsurgical Reconstruction of the Thumb

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Barca ◽  
Alessandro Santi ◽  
Pier Luigi Tartoni ◽  
Antonio Landi
Keyword(s):  
Donor Site ◽  
Hallux Rigidus ◽  
Metatarsal Bone ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Great Toe ◽  
Microsurgical Reconstruction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Metatarsal Bones ◽  
Toe Transfer ◽  
Second Toe

Clinical and step evaluations by a piezoelectric system board were performed in 54 patients who underwent microsurgical reconstruction of the thumb by great or second toe transfer. Forty-four patients were male and 10 were female. In 13 cases, the thumb was reconstructed by the Morrison wrap-around technique. In 27 cases, an extended variant of the Morrison technique was used in which the whole distal phalanx was harvested with skin and nail apparatus. Four patients were treated by great toe transfer and 10 were treated by second toe transfer. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 144 months. The group of patients treated by the wrap-around technique presented hallux rigidus in 38.5% of cases. The group of patients treated by the extended variant of the Morrison technique presented a lesser tendency to hallux rigidus but a clear reduction of the pushing phase of hallux. The group of patients treated by second toe transfer presented a third and fourth metatarsal bone overload that was confirmed by a statistical Wilcoxon test: overload was linked to a plantar hyperkeratosis at the third metatarsal (20%), fourth metatarsal (10%), or fifth metatarsal bone (20%). A claw deformity of the third and fourth toes was observed in 20% of these patients. The four patients who underwent microsurgical reconstruction of the thumb by great toe transfer exhibited an overload of central and lateral metatarsal bones. Second toe transfer is not associated with the functional or cosmetic changes seen in great toe transfer and is therefore preferred. The cosmetic and functional results from extended great toe transfer make this a much less desirable transfer than the wrap-around or modified wrap-around technique. The transfer with the least donor site problem is second toe to thumb.

A Rare Combination of Brachymetatarsia and Congenital Hallux Varus:

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Froehlich ◽  
Markus Wuenschel
Keyword(s):  
Locking Plate ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Metatarsal Bone ◽  
First Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
First Metatarsal ◽  
Hallux Varus ◽  
Metatarsal Bones ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Surgery First

Hallux varus is defined as a medial deviation of the phalanx at the first metatarsophalangeal joint and can be congenital or acquired. Brachymetatarsia is defined as shortening of the metatarsal bones. A combination of hallux varus and brachymetatarsia is rare. A 15-year-old girl presented to our outpatient clinic complaining of problems with her feet. A distinctive hallux varus was present bilaterally combined with a brachymetatarsia of the first metatarsals. The patient reported discomfort. She was restricted in her activities and had severe psychological strain owing to the deformity. We decided on surgery. First, a Pennig MiniFixator for callus distraction of the first metatarsal bone was applied. Owing to the increased plantar subluxation of the phalanx during distraction, an extension of the external fixator was administered so that the hallux could be repositioned to a physiologically satisfying position. After sufficient callus formation, the hardware was removed 14 weeks after surgery. Thereafter, the phalanx moved back to the subluxed position. Finally, an arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint was performed with a locking plate. Surgery should not be made only for cosmesis and associated psychological aspects; but, discomfort should be the deciding factor. The postoperative clinical and cosmetic results in our case were good, and the patient was quite satisfied. There was no longer any preoperative discomfort and pain.

Hinged circular fixator construct for correction of congenital metatarsal deformity in a foal

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
L. C. Cuddy ◽  
A. S. Graham ◽  
D. J. Reese ◽  
M. B. Porter ◽  
A. J. Morton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Varus Deformity ◽  
Metatarsal Bone ◽  
Osteotomy Site ◽  
The Third ◽  
Initial Surgery ◽  
Circular External Fixator ◽  
Quarter Horse ◽  
Centre Of Rotation ◽  
Partial Correction

SummaryA five-week-old American Quarter Horse colt was presented for evaluation of a left hindlimb deformity and lameness. Radiographs of the left hindlimb revealed a varus deformity with recurvatum originating in the middiaphysis of the third metatarsal bone. Surgical correction was undertaken by performing an osteotomy through the centre of rotation of angulation located within the mid-diaphysis of the third metatarsal bone, and a fourring hinged circular external fixator construct was applied. Distraction of the osteotomy site was performed over an 11 day period. Notable complications included failure of a fixation pin, infection of the surgical site, and temporary laxity of the supporting tendons and ligaments of the contralateral metatarsophalangeal joint. The fixator was maintained until there was sufficient bone formation to allow frame removal, 152 days after the initial surgery. Use of a hinged circular construct allowed for partial correction of the deformity with resultant lengthening and resolution of the lameness in this colt.

Combining Values

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4, 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Proximal Phalanx ◽  
Common Error ◽  
The Third ◽  
Whole Person ◽  
Impairment Ratings ◽  
Upper Extremity Impairment ◽  
The Individual

Abstract To account for the effects of multiple impairments, evaluating physicians must provide a summary value that combines multiple impairments so the whole person impairment is equal to or less than the sum of all the individual impairment values. A common error is to add values that should be combined and typically results in an inflated rating. The Combined Values Chart in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, Fifth Edition, includes instructions that guide physicians about combining impairment ratings. For example, impairment values within a region generally are combined and converted to a whole person permanent impairment before combination with the results from other regions (exceptions include certain impairments of the spine and extremities). When they combine three or more values, physicians should select and combine the two lowest values; this value is combined with the third value to yield the total value. Upper extremity impairment ratings are combined based on the principle that a second and each succeeding impairment applies not to the whole unit (eg, whole finger) but only to the part that remains (eg, proximal phalanx). Physicians who combine lower extremity impairments usually use only one evaluation method, but, if more than one method is used, the physician should use the Combined Values Chart.

Journey to the Advisor Within: Exploring Challenge, Transformation and Evolution in Advisor Stories

Relay Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 319-322
Author(s):  
Gamze Güven-Yalçın ◽  
Stephanie Lea Howard ◽  
Hatice Karaaslan
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Reflective Practice ◽  
Message Board ◽  
Initial Experiment ◽  
Narrative Style ◽  
The Third ◽  
Visual Message ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Academic Year

In the Reflective Practice column of the third issue of the Relay Journal, Yamamoto (2019) remarked on the importance of creating a platform for advisors to voice their views, feelings, and experiences, and suggested a need for more reflective narratives to be posted from different social, historical, and cultural contexts in order to provide an intimate view inside advising sessions, thereby offering a better understanding of said advising practices. The aim was to create a forum where advisors could learn from each other, and ultimately, everyone could mutually benefit from the experiences shared. To further this innovative research into Advising in Language Learning (ALL), the initial experiment by language advsiors at Kanda has been replicated in a different setting with four learning advisors from Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Turkey. The design used by the advisors at Kanda, a narrative style adopted while telling the stories, has been expanded to include a visual message board to which 20 learning advisors have contributed with their short reflective captions on their advisor selves. Additionally, the theme used by the advisors at Kanda, “the most memorable advising experience of this academic year” has been altered in our case to avoid repetition and to allow reflection on different aspects of the advising experiences. Thus, our narratives and the visual message board will examine two different themes: (1) How has advising affected you? (2) How do you define yourself as an advisor? Four narratives have elaborated on the first theme of the influence of advising knowledge and practice on the individual advisors, and the visual message board includes 20 images with reflective captions on the second theme of defining advisor identities.

The Free Responsible Action of the Individual

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. DeJonge
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Extreme Situation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Responsible Action ◽  
Action Type ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Church

If, as Chapter 12 argues, much of Bonhoeffer’s resistance thinking remains stable even as he undertakes the novel conspiratorial resistance, what is new in his resistance thinking in the third phase? What receives new theological elaboration is the resistance activity of the individual, which in the first two phases was overshadowed by the resistance role played by the church. Indeed, as this chapter shows, Bonhoeffer’s conspiratorial activity is associated with what he calls free responsible action (type 6), and this is the action of the individual, not the church, in the exercise of vocation. As such, the conspiratorial activity is most closely related to the previously developed type 1 resistance, which includes individual vocational action in response to state injustice. But the conspiratorial activity differs from type 1 resistance as individual vocational action in the extreme situation.

scholarly journals VARIABILITY OF EVOLUTIONARY RATES OF DNA

Genetics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1077-1091
Author(s):  
John H Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Significant Excess ◽  
Ergodic Markov Chain ◽  
The Third ◽  
Markov Chain Models ◽  
Rate Of Molecular Evolution ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nuclear Loci ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Evolution Of Proteins

ABSTRACT A statistical analysis of DNA sequences from four nuclear loci and five mitochondrial loci from different orders of mammals is described. A major aim of the study is to describe the variation in the rate of molecular evolution of proteins and DNA. A measure of rate variability is the statistic R, the ratio of the variance in the number of substitutions to the mean number. For proteins, R is found to be in the range 0.16 < R < 35.55, thus extending in both directions the values seen in previous studies. An analysis of codons shows that there is a highly significant excess of double substitutions in the first and second positions, but not in the second and third or first and third positions. The analysis of the dynamics of nucleotide evolution showed that the ergodic Markov chain models that are the basis of most published formulas for correcting for multiple substitutions are incompatible with the data. A bootstrap procedure was used to show that the evolution of the individual nucleotides, even the third positions, show the same variation in rates as seen in the proteins. It is argued that protein and silent DNA evolution are uncoupled, with the evolution at both levels showing patterns that are better explained by the action of natural selection than by neutrality. This conclusion is based primarily on a comparison of the nuclear and mitochondrial results.

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