PEMANFAATAN KULIT JAGUNG SEBAGAI BAHAN PEMBUATAN BIODEGRADABLE FOAM

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Yuniken Ruscahyani ◽  
Sarita Oktorina ◽  
Abdul Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon

Kemasan makanan yang digunakan sebagian besar adalah jenis kemasan sekali pakai, salah satunya adalah styrofoam. Penggunaan styrofoam yang semakin banyak dapat menyebabkan peningkatan jumlah sampah yang tidak dapat terdegradasi. Pembakaran styrofoam juga berbahaya karena menghasilkan gas berbahaya seperti styrene, polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs), hydro cloro flouro carbon (HCFC), dan karbon monoksida (CO). Salah satu alternatif untuk mengurangi penggunaan styrofoam adalah menggunakan kemasan makanan yang ramah lingkungan seperti biodegradable foam (biofoam). Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah limbah kulit jagung lokal Indonesia, jagung mutiara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui karakteristik biofoam yang terbuat dari kulit jagung dan persentase konsentrasi kulit jagung yang terbaik untuk pembuatan biofoam dalam penelitian ini. Metode dari penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan variasi konsentrasi kulit jagung 3%, 5%, dan 7%. Hasil biofoam yang terbaik adalah dengan konsentrasi kulit jagung 3% dengan nilai hasil uji daya serap air 13,93%, tingkat biodegradasi 6,22%, kuat tarik 2,63 N/mm2, dan kuat tekan 5,00 N/mm2.

Measurements of the Collisionally Quenched Lifetime of CO in Hydrocarbon Flames

1994 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1118-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Agrup ◽  
Marcus Aldén
Keyword(s):  
Laser Induced Fluorescence ◽  
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Time Decay ◽  
Collisional Quenching ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Hydrocarbon Flames ◽  
Effective Lifetime ◽  
Ethylene Flame ◽  
Oxygen Flame ◽  
Different Parts

Time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) from CO molecules in hydrocarbon flames was studied. Collisional quenching constants were evaluated on the basis of the exponential decays. Effective lifetime in a methane/oxygen flame was observed to vary between 250 and 400 ps depending on the position within the flame, and from 400 to 600 ps in the non-sooty parts of an ethylene/air flame. Fluorescence, constituting simultaneous spatially and temporally resolved decays, was also registered from various sections along a laser beam that probed different parts of the flame. Spectral recordings revealed not only the expected CO peaks but also, in the ethylene flame, laser-induced emission from C2 Swan bands and from polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission that affected the fluorescence time decay in the sooty part of the flame.

scholarly journals Phenanthrene impacts zebrafish cardiomyocyte excitability by inhibiting IKr and shortening action potential duration

2021 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiva N. Kompella ◽  
Fabien Brette ◽  
Jules C. Hancox ◽  
Holly A. Shiels
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Action Potential Duration ◽  
Cardiac Electrophysiology ◽  
Resting Membrane Potential ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Premature Ventricular Contractions ◽  
Whole Cell Patch Clamp ◽  
Dose Dependent

Air pollution is an environmental hazard that is associated with cardiovascular dysfunction. Phenanthrene is a three-ringed polyaromatic hydrocarbon that is a significant component of air pollution and crude oil and has been shown to cause cardiac dysfunction in marine fishes. We investigated the cardiotoxic effects of phenanthrene in zebrafish (Danio rerio), an animal model relevant to human cardiac electrophysiology, using whole-cell patch-clamp of ventricular cardiomyocytes. First, we show that phenanthrene significantly shortened action potential duration without altering resting membrane potential or upstroke velocity (dV/dt). L-type Ca2+ current was significantly decreased by phenanthrene, consistent with the decrease in action potential duration. Phenanthrene blocked the hERG orthologue (zfERG) native current, IKr, and accelerated IKr deactivation kinetics in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we show that phenanthrene significantly inhibits the protective IKr current envelope, elicited by a paired ventricular AP-like command waveform protocol. Phenanthrene had no effect on other IK. These findings demonstrate that exposure to phenanthrene shortens action potential duration, which may reduce refractoriness and increase susceptibility to certain arrhythmia triggers, such as premature ventricular contractions. These data also reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism of polyaromatic hydrocarbon cardiotoxicity on zfERG by accelerating deactivation and decreasing IKr protective current.

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