scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness of Hepatitis B Mass Screening and Management in High-Prevalent Rural China: A Model Study From 2020 to 2049

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolan Xu ◽  
Chensi Wu ◽  
Lushun Jiang ◽  
Chunting Peng ◽  
Liya Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Comprehensive Strategy ◽  
Immunization Strategy ◽  
Monetary Benefit ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Hepatitis B Screening ◽  
Net Monetary Benefit

Background: Chronic hepatitis B is highly prevalent among adults in rural China and better management of those populations is of vital importance for viral hepatitis elimination. Adult immunization has been the subject of much controversy in previous studies. This study estimates the cost-effectiveness of population-based hepatitis B screening, treatment, and immunization strategy (comprehensive strategy) in rural areas with high prevalence under the national policy of sharp-drop drug prices. Methods: We constructed a Markov model comparing 4 strategies in a 30-year horizon from the healthcare payer perspective: (1) the conventional pattern; (2) screening and treating infected (treatment); (3) screening and immunizing susceptible individuals (immunization); and (4) the comprehensive strategy. Screening intensity ranged from 50% to 100%. Outcomes were measured by costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), and clinical outcomes. Results: The costs for the conventional pattern, treatment strategy, immunization strategy, and comprehensive strategy were US$ 341, 351, 318, and 323, respectively. In addition, effects were 17.45, 17.57, 17.46, and 17.58 QALYs, respectively. The ICER of the comprehensive strategy was 35 US$/QALY gained at 50% screening intensity and 420 US$/QALY gained at 100%. The net monetary benefit increased with increasing screening intensity and declined after 90%, with the highest value of US$ 40693. All new infections and 52.5% mortality could be avoided from 2020 to 2049 if all patients were properly treated and all susceptible individuals were immunized. The results were stable within a wide range of parameters. Conclusions: It was cost-effective to implement the mass hepatitis B screening, treatment, and immunization strategy in areas of rural China with high prevalence, and the strategy gained the most net monetary benefit at a screening intensity of 90%. Although it was impractical to fulfill 100% coverage, efforts should be made to obtain more people screened.

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness analysis of nonoperative management versus open and laparoscopic surgery for uncomplicated acute appendicitis in Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
César Augusto Guevara-Cuellar ◽  
María Paula Rengifo-Mosquera ◽  
Elizabeth Parody-Rúa
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Nonoperative Management ◽  
Open Appendectomy ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Monetary Benefit ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Payer Perspective ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Net Monetary Benefit

Abstract Background Traditionally, uncomplicated acute appendicitis (AA) has been treated with appendectomy. However, the surgical alternatives might carry out significant complications, impaired quality of life, and higher costs than nonoperative treatment. Consequently, it is necessary to evaluate the different therapeutic alternatives' cost-effectiveness in patients diagnosed with uncomplicated appendicitis. Methods We performed a model-based cost-effectiveness analysis comparing nonoperative management (NOM) with open appendectomy (OA) and laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) in patients otherwise healthy adults aged 18–60 years with a diagnosis of uncomplicated AA from the payer´s perspective at the secondary and tertiary health care level. The time horizon was 5 years. A discount rate of 5% was applied to both costs and outcomes. The health outcomes were quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Costs were identified, quantified, and valorized from a payer perspective; therefore, only direct health costs were included. An incremental analysis was estimated to determine the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). In addition, the net monetary benefit (NMB) was calculated for each alternative using a willingness to pay lower than one gross domestic product. A deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed. Methods We performed a model-based cost-effectiveness analysis comparing nonoperative management (NOM) with open appendectomy (OA) and laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) in patients otherwise healthy adults aged 18–60 years with a diagnosis of uncomplicated AA from the payer’s perspective at the secondary and tertiary health care level. The time horizon was five years. A discount rate of 5% was applied to both costs and outcomes. The health outcomes were quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Costs were identified, quantified, and valorized from a payer perspective; therefore, only direct health costs were included. An incremental analysis was estimated to determine the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). In addition, the net monetary benefit (NMB) was calculated for each alternative using a willingness to pay lower than one gross domestic product. A deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed. Results LA presents a lower cost ($363 ± 35) than OA ($384 ± 41) and NOM ($392 ± 44). NOM exhibited higher QALYs (3.3332 ± 0.0276) in contrast with LA (3.3310 ± 0.057) and OA (3.3261 ± 0.0707). LA dominated the OA. The ICER between LA and NOM was $24,000/QALY. LA has a 52% probability of generating the highest NMB versus its counterparts, followed by NOM (30%) and OA (18%). There is a probability of 0.69 that laparoscopy generates more significant benefit than medical management. The mean value of that incremental NMB would be $93.7 per patient. Conclusions LA is a cost-effectiveness alternative in the management of patients with uncomplicated AA. Besides, LA has a high probability of producing more significant monetary benefits than NOM and OA from the payer’s perspective in the Colombian health system.

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of treatment optimisation with biomarkers for immunotherapy in solid tumours: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e048141
Author(s):  
Sara Mucherino ◽  
Valentina Lorenzoni ◽  
Valentina Orlando ◽  
Isotta Triulzi ◽  
Marzia Del Re ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Solid Tumours ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Monetary Benefit ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Net Monetary Benefit

IntroductionThe combination of biomarkers and drugs is the subject of growing interest both from regulators, physicians and companies. This study protocol of a systematic review is aimed to describe available literature evidences about the cost-effectiveness, cost-utility or net-monetary benefit of the use of biomarkers in solid tumour as tools for customising immunotherapy to identify what further research needs.Methods and analysisA systematic review of the literature will be carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement guidelines. PubMed and Embase will be queried from June 2010 to June 2021. The PICOS model will be applied: target population (P) will be patients with solid tumours treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs); the interventions (I) will be test of the immune checkpoint predictive biomarkers; the comparator (C) will be any other targeted or non-targeted therapy; outcomes (O) evaluated will be health economic and clinical implications assessed in terms of incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, net health benefit, net monetary benefit, life years gained, quality of life, etc; study (S) considered will be economic evaluations reporting cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-utility analysis, net-monetary benefit. The quality of the evidence will be graded according to Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review will assess the cost-effectiveness implications of using biomarkers in the immunotherapy with ICIs, which may help to understand whether this approach is widespread in real clinical practice. This research is exempt from ethics approval because the work is carried out on published documents. We will disseminate this protocol in a related peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020201549.

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of introducing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the management of complex phalangeal fractures: economic simulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Faccioli ◽  
E. Santi ◽  
G. Foti ◽  
G. Mansueto ◽  
M. Corain
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Incremental Cost ◽  
Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
Monetary Benefit ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Net Monetary Benefit ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of introducing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the management of the complex finger fractures with articular involvement. Methods We created a decision tree model simulating the diagnostic pathway of complex finger fractures, suggesting the use of CBCT as alternative to multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT), and we compared their clinical outcomes, costs, and cost-effectiveness for a hypothetical cohort of 10,000 patients. Measures of effectiveness are analysed by using quality-adjusted life years, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, and net monetary benefit. Results Diagnosis of a complex finger fracture performed with CBCT costed 67.33€ per patient, yielded 9.08 quality-adjusted life years, and gained an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 29.94€ and a net monetary benefit of 9.07 € at 30,000€ threshold. Using MSCT for diagnosis costed 106.23 €, yielded 8.18 quality-adjusted life years, and gained an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 371.15 € and a net monetary benefit of 8.09 €. CBCT strategy dominated the MSCT strategy. The acceptability curve shows that there is 98% probability of CBCT being the optimal strategy at 30,000€ threshold (1 EUR equal to 1.11 USD; updated on 02/02/2020). Conclusion CBCT in complex finger fractures management is cost saving compared with MSCT and may be considered a valuable imaging tool in preoperative assessment, allowing early detection and appropriate treatment. It shortens the time to completion of diagnostic work-up, reduces the number of additional diagnostic procedures, improves quality of life, and may reduce costs in a societal perspective.

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of an Environmental Cleaning Bundle for Reducing Healthcare-associated Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 2461-2468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M White ◽  
Adrian G Barnett ◽  
Lisa Hall ◽  
Brett G Mitchell ◽  
Alison Farrington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
Environmental Cleaning ◽  
Monetary Benefit ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Net Monetary Benefit ◽  
Hospital Cleaning

Abstract Background Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) remain a significant patient safety issue, with point prevalence estimates being ~5% in high-income countries. In 2016–2017, the Researching Effective Approaches to Cleaning in Hospitals (REACH) study implemented an environmental cleaning bundle targeting communication, staff training, improved cleaning technique, product use, and audit of frequent touch-point cleaning. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of the environmental cleaning bundle for reducing the incidence of HAIs. Methods A stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial was conducted in 11 hospitals recruited from 6 Australian states and territories. Bundle effectiveness was measured by the numbers of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, Clostridium difficile infection, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci infections prevented in the intervention phase based on estimated reductions in the relative risk of infection. Changes to costs were defined as the cost of implementing the bundle minus cost savings from fewer infections. Health benefits gained from fewer infections were measured in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Cost-effectiveness was evaluated using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio and net monetary benefit of adopting the cleaning bundle over existing hospital cleaning practices. Results Implementing the cleaning bundle cost $349 000 Australian dollars (AUD) and generated AUD$147 500 in cost savings. Infections prevented under the cleaning bundle returned a net monetary benefit of AUD$1.02 million and an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $4684 per QALY gained. There was an 86% chance that the bundle was cost-effective compared with existing hospital cleaning practices. Conclusions A bundled, evidence-based approach to improving hospital cleaning is a cost-effective intervention for reducing the incidence of HAIs.

Patellofemoral arthroplasty is cheaper and more effective in the short term than total knee arthroplasty for isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis: cost-effectiveness analysis based on a randomized trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 102-B (4) ◽  
pp. 449-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Fredborg ◽  
Anders Odgaard ◽  
Jan Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis ◽  
Patellofemoral Arthroplasty ◽  
Monetary Benefit ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Net Monetary Benefit

Aims The aim is to assess the cost-effectiveness of patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) in comparison with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for the treatment of isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis (OA) based on prospectively collected data on health outcomes and resource use from a blinded, randomized, clinical trial. Methods A total of 100 patients with isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis were randomized to receive either PFA or TKA by experienced knee surgeons trained in using both implants. Patients completed patient-reported outcomes including EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D) and 6-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-6D) before the procedure. The scores were completed again after six weeks, three, six, and nine months, and again after one- and two-year post-surgery and yearly henceforth. Time-weighted outcome measures were constructed. Cost data were obtained from clinical registrations and patient-reported questionnaires. Incremental gain in health outcomes (quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs)) and incremental costs were compared for the two groups of patients. Net monetary benefit was calculated assuming a threshold value of €10,000, €35,000, and €50,000 per QALY and used to test the statistical uncertainty and central assumptions about outcomes and costs. Results The PFA group had an incremental 12 month EQ-5D gain of 0.056 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01 to 0.10) and an incremental 12 month cost of minus €328 (95% CI 836 to 180). PFA therefore dominates TKA by providing better and cheaper outcomes than TKA. The net monetary benefit of PFA was €887 (95% CI 324 to 1450) with the €10,000 threshold, and it was consistently positive when different measures of outcomes and different cost assumptions were used. Conclusion This study provides robust evidence that PFA from a one-year hospital management perspective is cheaper and provides better outcomes than TKA when applied to patients with isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis and performed by experienced knee surgeons. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(4):449–457.

Abstract 171: Endovascular Thrombectomy May Be Cost-Effective for Patients With Large Core Ischemic Strokes: A Cost-Utility Analysis From the SELECT Study

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Pizzo ◽  
Kyriakos Lobotesis ◽  
Gregory W Albers ◽  
Sheryl Martin-Schild ◽  
Ameer Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Large Core ◽  
Multicenter Cohort Study ◽  
Endovascular Thrombectomy ◽  
Monetary Benefit ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Ischemic Core ◽  
Net Monetary Benefit

Background: Whether Endovascular Thrombectomy (EVT) is cost-effective in large ischemic core infarcts is unknown. Methods: In the prospective multicenter cohort study of imaging selection study (SELECT), large core was defined as CT ASPECTS < 6 or CTP ischemic core volume (rCBF<30%) ≥ 50 cc. A Markov model estimated costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and the Incremental Cost-effectiveness Ratio (ICER) of EVT compared to Medical Management (MM) over 20 years life expectancy. The lower and upper willingness to pay (WTP) per QALY were set at $50000 and $100000 and the Net Monetary Benefit (NMB) for EVT were calculated. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) and cost-effectiveness acceptability curves (CEAC) assessed EVT cost-effective probability at WTP range values. Results: Of 361 enrolled, 105 had large core on CT or CTP (EVT 62, MM 43). 19 (31%) EVT patients achieved mRS 0-2 vs 6 (14%) MM (aOR: 3.27, 95% CI: 1.11-9.62; P = .03) with a shift towards better mRS (adj cOR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.05-4.31, P = .04). Over 20 years EVT was associated with $26589 (C.I. $8672- $43978) incremental costs and a gain of 1.18 QALYs (C.I. 0.091- 2.2) per patient. EVT could avert 75 deaths over a theoretical cohort of 1000 patients (MM 861 vs EVT 786) thus the ICER of EVT compared to MM was $22400 per QALY (CI. $10109 - $66140), which is <$50000/QALY, Tab 1. EVT has a higher NMB compared to MM at the lower and upper WTP thresholds (EVT $86,3 and 271,4 million vs MM $53,6-$179,3 million), Tab 2. The PSA confirmed the results (fig 1). The CEAC showed 94% and 97% cost-effectiveness probability of EVT at the lower and upper values respectively of the maximum WTP, fig 2. EVT ICER in SELECT large core ($22400/QALY) was higher but still comparable to those in HERMES ($16882/QALY), DAWN ($7335/QALY) and DEFUSE3 ($14673/QALY), Tab 3. Conclusion: EVT may result in better outcomes and more lives saved in large core patients with higher QALYs, NMB and an acceptable ICER. The results were comparable to other EVT RCTs.

Comparing cost and effect: point estimates for cost-effectiveness ratios and net monetary benefit

2014 ◽  
pp. 140-153
Author(s):  
Dr. Henry A. Glick ◽  
Dr. Jalpa A. Doshi ◽  
Dr. Seema S. Sonnad ◽  
Dr. Daniel Polsky
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Monetary Benefit ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Net Monetary Benefit

scholarly journals Value-based procurement of prostheses for total knee replacement

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Messori ◽  
Sabrina Trippoli
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Value For Money ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Monetary Benefit ◽  
Device Type ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Net Monetary Benefit

Cost-effectiveness evaluations concerning devices for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have little impact on real-life management of these devices. This study explored how pharmacoeconomic models can inform the procurement of TKA devices to improve their value for money. Our study included three phases: i) literature search for data of outcome, cost, and device type in TKA; ii) development of a Markov model predicting costs, QALYs, and net monetary benefit (NMB); iii) simulation of tenders aimed at value-based device procurement. Phases 1 and 2 were managed by selecting a single study as the source of data for our analysis. In Phase 3, each TKA device was associated with its values of NMB, and the tender scores were estimated. Finally, the ranking of each device in the simulated tender was determined. We identified a study published in 2016 as our source of data. Five devices were evaluated. For these devices, QALYs were 7.3952, 7.2939, 7.4952, 7.1919, 7.2930; NMB: £142,005, £140,653, £144,184, £138,040, £140,261; tender scores: 64.53, 42.53, 100, 0, 36.15, respectively. We showed that incorporating the principles of cost-effectiveness into the tendering process is feasible for TKA devices. This can maximize the value for money for these devices.

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