scholarly journals Association between carbohydrate quality index and general and central obesity in adults: a population-based study in Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasim Janbozorgi ◽  
Kurosh Djafarian ◽  
Saba Mohammadpour ◽  
Mahtab Zareie Abyane ◽  
Mahdi Zameni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrates ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Carbohydrate Quality

Introduction: To determine whether dietary carbohydrates quality index (CQI), glycemic index, and glycemic load is associated with general and abdominal obesity. Methods: 850 participants, 20 to 59 years old, were enrolled in a cross-sectional study from five Tehran districts through health houses. The 168 items in the semi--quantitative food frequency questionnaire were used to assess dietary intake. The CQI was calculated by using the following four components: glycemic index, total fiber, solid carbohydrate to total carbohydrate ratio, and whole grains: total grains ratio. Results: After adjusting for confounding factors, the chance of obesity in men (OR=0.38, 95% CI 0.15to 0.95; P=0.04) measured by waist circumference (WC) was significantly lower in the fourth quintile of CQI in comparison with the first quintile. In addition, OR for obesity in men (OR=2.53, 95% CI0.52 to 1.37; P=0.04) was significantly 2.5 times higher among those in the fourth quintile of glycemic index compared with those in the lowest quintile. There was no significant association between dietary carbohydrates with general obesity in men and women. Conclusion: In summary, dietary CQI is significantly inversely related to central obesity in men,according to this study. Additionally, adherence to a diet with a higher glycemic index in men is positively associated with central obesity.

The association between carbohydrate quality index and nutrient adequacy in Iranian adults

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mena Farazi ◽  
Ahmad Jayedi ◽  
Zahra Noruzi ◽  
Fatemeh Dehghani Firouzabadi ◽  
Elaheh Asgari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Carbohydrate Quality ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Three Components

Purpose This paper aims to evaluate the association between carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and nutrient adequacy in Iranian adults. Design/methodology/approach A total of 268 men and women with ages ranged from 18 to 70 years were evaluated in a cross-sectional study. The CQI was calculated by adding together the three components, namely, the ratio of solid to total carbohydrate, dietary fiber and glycemic index. The scores of three components were summed to calculate the CQI, with a higher score indicating a higher dietary carbohydrate quality. The odds ratios (ORs) of nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), defined as the ratio of intake of a nutrient to the age- and gender-specific recommended dietary allowance, for the intake of energy and 10 nutrients across quartiles of the CQI were calculated by logistic regression analysis and expressed with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Findings CQI ranged between 3 to 15 (mean ± SD: 9 ± 1.9). Being in top versus bottom quartile of the CQI was associated with a higher NAR of folic acid (OR: 3.20, 95% CI: 1.06–9.62; P-trend: <0.001), vitamin A (OR: 3.66; 95% CI: 1.46–9.17; P-trend: <0.001), magnesium (OR: 5.94; 95% CI; 1.71–20.53; P-trend: <0.001), vitamin C (OR: 7.85; 95% CI; 2.99–20.59; P-trend: <0.001). Originality/value A higher CQI was associated with greater micronutrient consumption adequacy in Iranian adults. The results suggest that increasing the consumption of total fiber and solid carbohydrates and decreasing the glycemic index of the diet and liquid carbohydrates can improve micronutrient intake adequacy.

scholarly journals The association of glycemic index and glycemic load with elevated blood pressure in Iranian women

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-279
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Forough Sajjadi ◽  
Alireza Milajerdi ◽  
Leila Azadbakht
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Women

Introduction: Dietary intake is a risk factor related to elevated blood pressure (EBP). Few studies have investigated an association of dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) with the EBP. The aim of the current study was to examine the association of dietary GI and GL with the EBP among a group of healthy women. <br /> Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 306 healthy women. Dietary GI and GL were measured using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Blood pressure (BP) was measured twice by a mercury sphygmomanometer from the right arm. Anthropometric measurements were also assessed according to the standard protocols.<br /> Results: Before controlling for potential confounders, no significant association was seen between dietary GI/GL and SBP/DBP. Also after controlling for potential confounders, the associations did not change between dietary GI and SBP (odds ratio [OR]: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.42-2.17, P = 0.87), between GI and DBP (OR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.35-1.45, P = 0.37), as well as between GL and SBP (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.43-2.49, P = 1.00) and between GL and DBP (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.56-2.00, P = 0.61). In a stratified analysis by obesity and overweight, differences between tertiles of GI were not significant (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.42-1.31, P = 0.31), even after adjustment for the potential confounders (OR: 1.54; 95% CI: 0.70-3.40, P = 0.26). <br /> Conclusion: This study did not show a significant association between dietary GI/GL and the risk of high SBP/DBP. In addition, no significant association was found between dietary GI/GL and odds of overweight or obesity in adult women.

scholarly journals Determinação do índice glicêmico e da carga glicêmica de dietas hospitalares servidas para diabéticos

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 28114
Author(s):  
Karenn Haubricht Lemos ◽  
Thays Caroline Patek ◽  
Thais Regina Mezzomo
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The City

***Determination of glycemic index and glycemic load of hospital diets served for diabetics***   AIMS: To determine the glycemic index and the glycemic load of diets usually offered by hospitals to patients with diabetes mellitus.   METHODS: A cross-sectional study evaluated menus served to diabetic inpatients of hospitals in the city of Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. Analyzing the menus, we determined the energy content, macronutrients, glycemic index and glycemic load of the meals offered to the patients.    RESULTS: Five general hospitals of the city participated in the study and 10 menus for diabetes were evaluated. The structure of the menus was different mainly in the quantitative supply of fruits and milk. Diets ranged from 1317.6 to 2013.2 kcal, with 18.9 to 27.6% of proteins, 21.9 to 29.4% of lipids, 48.2 to 53.3% of carbohydrates and 24.7 to 33.6 g of fibers. Daily glycemic index ranged from 47 to 57% and daily glycemic load from 81 to 109%.   CONCLUSIONS: All offered diets were hyperproteic, normolipid and normoglicidic. However, inadequate levels of glycemic load were observed in all the evaluated menus, although with adequate levels of glycemic index. It is necessary to review the diet plans elaborated for diabetics, aiming at the best dietary treatment for this population.

scholarly journals Glycemic index, glycemic load, and metabolic syndrome in Mexican adolescents: a cross-sectional study from the NHNS-2012

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Itandehui Castro-Quezada ◽  
Salomón Angulo-Estrada ◽  
Almudena Sánchez-Villegas ◽  
María Dolores Ruiz-López ◽  
Reyes Artacho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mexican Adolescents

General Obesity and Central Adiposity in a Representative Sample of Tehranian Adults: Prevalence and Determinants

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azadbakht ◽  
Mirmiran ◽  
Shiva ◽  
Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Central Obesity ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
General Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Fourth Quartile

Aims: To determine the prevalence and associations of general and central obesity in adults residing in district 13 of Tehran and to examine the associations of obesity with certain factors. Design: Population-based cross sectional study. Setting: Tehran, the capital of Iran. Subjects: A total of 9984 subjects (4164 men and 5820 women) aged 20–70 years. Methods: Demographic data were collected and anthropometric indices including weight, height, and waist and hip circumference were measured, according to standard protocols. Dietary intake was assessed by means of two 24-hour dietary recall forms. To determine the prevalence and association of general and central obesity, the suggested cut-off for Tehranian people, adjusted for their age group, was used. A body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 24 for men and ≥ 25 for women was used to determine the characteristic of obesity . Central obesity was determined as a waist-hip ratio (WHR) of > 0.86 for men and WHR ≥ 0.78 for women. To determine the associations between general and central obesity and other factors, logistic regression was used. Results: The means of BMI, waist circumference (WC), and WHR were 25.8 ± 4.1 kg/m2, 88.3 ± 11.4 cm, and 0.91 ± 0.07 in men and 27.3 ± 5.4 kg/m2, 87.5 ± 12.9 cm, and 0.83 ± 0.08 in women, respectively. Obesity and central obesity were higher in women than in men; 67% vs. 29% for obesity and 93% vs. 74.1% for central obesity, respectively. Illiteracy (OR = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.13–2.41 in men; OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.59–2.21 in women), marriage (OR = 3.84, 95% CI = 3.63–4.29 in men; OR = 3.20, 95% CI = 3.63–4.19 in women), and very low physical activity (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.09–1.53 in men; OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.10–1.76 in women) were factors associated with obesity. The risk of being centrally obese for men in the fourth quartile of legumes intake was lower than men in other quartiles (p < 0.05). Women in the first quartile of dairy consumption had the highest risk of being generally and centrally obese (OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.72–2.48 for general obesity and OR = 3.01, 95% CI = 2.36-3.67 for central obesity). The risk of obesity for women in the fourth quartile of energy and saturated fatty acid consumption was higher than for those in the first quartile (OR = 2.69, 95% CI = 2.39–3.11 for energy and OR = 1.36, 95% CI= 1.10–1.64 for saturated fatty acids). The risk of being centrally obese was higher for women in the first quartile of protein intake compared with women in the fourth quartile (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.02–2.32). Conclusions: The results from this national population-based study in Iran show high prevalence of obesity in Tehranian adults. The strong associations between obesity and certain life style factors confirm the necessity of multifactorial intervention.

scholarly journals Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Are Not Associated with the Metabolic Syndrome in Lebanese Healthy Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1394
Author(s):  
Cecile Borgi ◽  
Mandy Taktouk ◽  
Mona Nasrallah ◽  
Hussain Isma’eel ◽  
Hani Tamim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Dietary Glycemic Index

High dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) were suggested to increase the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aims to estimate dietary GI and GL in a sample of healthy Lebanese adults and examine their association with MetS and its individual abnormalities. The study uses data from a community-based survey of 501 Lebanese urban adults. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Biochemical, anthropometric, and blood pressure measurements were obtained. Subjects with previous diagnosis of chronic disease, metabolic abnormalities, or with incomplete data or implausible energy intakes were excluded, yielding a sample of 283. Participants were grouped into quartiles of GI and GL. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Average dietary GI and GL were estimated at 59.9 ± 8 and 209.7 ± 100.3. Participants belonging to the highest GI quartile were at increased risk of having MetS (odds ratio (OR) = 2.251, 95% CI:1.120–4.525) but this association lost significance with further adjustments. Those belonging to the second quartile of GI had significantly lower odds of having hyperglycemia (OR: 0.380, 95% CI:0.174–0.833). No associations were detected between GL and MetS. The study contributes to the body of evidence discussing the relationship between GI, GL, and MetS, in a nutrition transition context.

scholarly journals Association between Carbohydrate Quality Index and general and abdominal obesity in women: a cross-sectional study from Ghana

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e033038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sufyan Bakuri Suara ◽  
Fereydoun Siassi ◽  
Mahama Saaka ◽  
Abbas Rahimi Foroshani ◽  
Gity Sotoudeh
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Carbohydrate Quality

ObjectivesThe relationships between carbohydrate intake and risk of obesity have been widely investigated. However, there are limited data on the associations between their relative proportions and quality contained in the same diet on risk of obesity, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between an overall Carbohydrate Quality Index (CQI) and general and abdominal obesity in women.Setting and participantsIn this cross-sectional study, data from 277 women in Ghana were analysed. Dietary information was obtained from 2-day 24 hours dietary recalls. CQI was calculated from the four indices dietary fibre, Glycaemic Index, whole grains/total grains ratio and solid carbohydrates/total carbohydrates ratio.Outcome measuresBody mass index, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and Conicity Index were measured.ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, the chance for general obesity (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.65) and abdominal obesity measured by WC (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.58) were significantly lower in the topmost quintile of CQI in comparison with the lowest quintile. In addition, the OR for higher WHtR (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.69) was significantly lower among participants in the fifth quintile of CQI compared with those in the first quintile.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that there is an inverse association between dietary CQI and both general and abdominal obesity. These findings suggest that CQI may be used for the improvement of dietary intake to prevent obesity.

scholarly journals Plasma Metabolomic Profiles of Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Carbohydrate Quality Index in the PREDIMED Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Mònica Bulló ◽  
Christopher Papandreou ◽  
Miguel Ruiz-Canela ◽  
Marta Guasch-Ferré ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Mediterranean Population ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽  
Carbohydrate Quality

ABSTRACT Background The quality of carbohydrate consumed, assessed by the glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), or carbohydrate quality index (CQI), affects the postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses, which have been implicated in the etiology of several chronic diseases. However, it is unclear whether plasma metabolites involved in different biological pathways could provide functional insights into the role of carbohydrate quality indices in health. Objectives We aimed to identify plasma metabolomic profiles associated with dietary GI, GL, and CQI. Methods The present study is a cross-sectional analysis of 1833 participants with overweight/obesity (mean age = 67 y) from 2 case-cohort studies nested within the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) trial. Data extracted from validated FFQs were used to estimate the GI, GL, and CQI. Plasma concentrations of 385 metabolites were profiled with LC coupled to MS and associations of these metabolites with those indices were assessed with elastic net regression analyses. Results A total of 58, 18, and 57 metabolites were selected for GI, GL, and CQI, respectively. Choline, cotinine, γ-butyrobetaine, and 36:3 phosphatidylserine plasmalogen were positively associated with GI and GL, whereas they were negatively associated with CQI. Fructose-glucose-galactose was negatively and positively associated with GI/GL and CQI, respectively. Consistent associations of 21 metabolites with both GI and CQI were found but in opposite directions. Negative associations of kynurenic acid, 22:1 sphingomyelin, and 38:6 phosphatidylethanolamine, as well as positive associations of 32:1 phosphatidylcholine with GI and GL were also observed. Pearson correlation coefficients between GI, GL, and CQI and the metabolomic profiles were 0.30, 0.22, and 0.27, respectively. Conclusions The GI, GL, and CQI were associated with specific metabolomic profiles in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular disease risk. Our findings may help in understanding the role of dietary carbohydrate indices in the development of cardiometabolic disorders. This trial was registered at isrctn.com as ISRCTN35739639.

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