General Obesity and Central Adiposity in a Representative Sample of Tehranian Adults: Prevalence and Determinants

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azadbakht ◽  
Mirmiran ◽  
Shiva ◽  
Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Central Obesity ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
General Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Fourth Quartile

Aims: To determine the prevalence and associations of general and central obesity in adults residing in district 13 of Tehran and to examine the associations of obesity with certain factors. Design: Population-based cross sectional study. Setting: Tehran, the capital of Iran. Subjects: A total of 9984 subjects (4164 men and 5820 women) aged 20–70 years. Methods: Demographic data were collected and anthropometric indices including weight, height, and waist and hip circumference were measured, according to standard protocols. Dietary intake was assessed by means of two 24-hour dietary recall forms. To determine the prevalence and association of general and central obesity, the suggested cut-off for Tehranian people, adjusted for their age group, was used. A body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 24 for men and ≥ 25 for women was used to determine the characteristic of obesity . Central obesity was determined as a waist-hip ratio (WHR) of > 0.86 for men and WHR ≥ 0.78 for women. To determine the associations between general and central obesity and other factors, logistic regression was used. Results: The means of BMI, waist circumference (WC), and WHR were 25.8 ± 4.1 kg/m2, 88.3 ± 11.4 cm, and 0.91 ± 0.07 in men and 27.3 ± 5.4 kg/m2, 87.5 ± 12.9 cm, and 0.83 ± 0.08 in women, respectively. Obesity and central obesity were higher in women than in men; 67% vs. 29% for obesity and 93% vs. 74.1% for central obesity, respectively. Illiteracy (OR = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.13–2.41 in men; OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.59–2.21 in women), marriage (OR = 3.84, 95% CI = 3.63–4.29 in men; OR = 3.20, 95% CI = 3.63–4.19 in women), and very low physical activity (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.09–1.53 in men; OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.10–1.76 in women) were factors associated with obesity. The risk of being centrally obese for men in the fourth quartile of legumes intake was lower than men in other quartiles (p < 0.05). Women in the first quartile of dairy consumption had the highest risk of being generally and centrally obese (OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.72–2.48 for general obesity and OR = 3.01, 95% CI = 2.36-3.67 for central obesity). The risk of obesity for women in the fourth quartile of energy and saturated fatty acid consumption was higher than for those in the first quartile (OR = 2.69, 95% CI = 2.39–3.11 for energy and OR = 1.36, 95% CI= 1.10–1.64 for saturated fatty acids). The risk of being centrally obese was higher for women in the first quartile of protein intake compared with women in the fourth quartile (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.02–2.32). Conclusions: The results from this national population-based study in Iran show high prevalence of obesity in Tehranian adults. The strong associations between obesity and certain life style factors confirm the necessity of multifactorial intervention.

scholarly journals Obesity and Central Obesity in Indonesian Urban Communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-127
Author(s):  
Septiyanti Septiyanti ◽  
Seniwati Seniwati
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
General Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World

Obesity is a problem in various parts of the world where its prevalence is increasing rapidly, both in developed and developing countries Obesity can occur because of an imbalance between the energy from the food that comes in, which is greater than the energy used by the body. This study aimed to see the characteristics of obesity and central obesity in adult society in urban areas of Indonesia. This study used a cross-sectional study, by analyzing advanced data on Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in the biomedical field. The results of this study indicated that in general obesity and central obesity increase with age, with the highest prevalence being at the age of 40-59 years. Both obesity and central obesity were more prevalent in female subjects. Obesity and central obesity were also more common among subjects who graduated from high school and who work as housewives. Subjects of obesity and central obesity experienced more abnormalities in biomedical examination than those with normal BMI and abdominal circumference. For this reason, it is advisable to maintain a normal BMI and abdominal circumference, especially for adults. This study proves that there are significant differences in biomedical examination in those who are obese and not obese.

scholarly journals Waist circumference as a determinant of hypertension and diabetes in Brazilian women: a population-based study

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
MTA Olinto ◽  
LC Nacul ◽  
DP Gigante ◽  
JSD Costa ◽  
AMB Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the role of central adiposity, as evaluated by the measurement of waist circumference (WC), as an independent risk factor for hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the setting of a developing country.Design:Population-based, cross-sectional study.Setting:A medium-sized town in southern Brazil.Participants:One thousand and ninety-five non-pregnant women, 20 to 69 years old, recruited by cluster random sampling between 1999 and 2000. Their mean WC was 85.3 cm (standard deviation 13.9 cm) and 23.3% (n = 255) were obese (body mass index >30 kg m−2). The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes was 25.6% (n = 280) and 6.2% (n = 68), respectively.Results:The risks of hypertension and diabetes were directly related to WC measurement. Women with WC > 80 cm had increased risk of hypertension (odds ratio (OR) = 6.2, P < 0.001). The association remained significant (OR = 1.04 per cm increase in WC, P = 0.02) after adjusting for confounders. The effect of WC on diabetes was modified by age. The effect was stronger in women younger than 40 years old (OR = 12.7, P = 0.016) than in those over 40 years old (OR = 2.8, P = 0.013). In the multivariate analysis, the odds ratio was 5.7 (P = 0.12) in those under 40 years old and 2.8 (P = 0.008) in older women.Conclusions:Waist circumference is an independent determinant for hypertension and diabetes in women in this population. The stronger association between WC and diabetes in younger women suggests that the validity of this indicator to assess abdominal adiposity is age-specific. Further studies should validate the usefulness of WC measurement in different age groups.

scholarly journals Predisposing Factors for Traumatic Dental Injury in Primary Teeth and Seeking of Post-trauma Care

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 647-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Betania Lins Dantas Siqueira ◽  
Monalisa Cesarino Gomes ◽  
Ana Cristina Oliveira ◽  
Carolina Castro Martins ◽  
Ana Flavia Granville-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Care ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Primary Dentition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Dental Injury

The aim of the present study was to investigate predisposing factors for traumatic dental injury (TDI) in the primary dentition and seeking of dental care after the occurrence of TDI. A randomized population-based cross-sectional study was carried out with 814 children aged 3 to 5 years enrolled at public and private preschools in the city of Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. Parents were asked to fill out a questionnaire on demographic data and the child's history of TDI. TDI was evaluated by clinical examinations performed by three previously calibrated dentists (Kappa: 0.85 to 0.90). Bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression models were constructed for TDI and the parent-reported search for dental care (α=0.05). The prevalence of TDI was 34.6%. The most common type of TDI was enamel fracture (55.0%). The central incisors were the most frequently affected teeth (87.5%). Predictors for TDI in the primary dentition were household income >U$312.50 (PR: 1.355; 95% CI: 1.050-1.724) and overjet >2 mm (PR: 1.539; 95% CI: 1.219-1.942). The predictor for seeking dental care following TDI was parent's age >30 years (PR: 1.753; 95% CI: 1.039-2.960). Household income and overjet were associated with TDI. Among children having suffered TDI, parent's age is a crucial determinant for seeking dental care.

scholarly journals Body mass index, asthma, and respiratory symptoms: a population-based study

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Cristina Caon de Souza ◽  
Marcia Margaret Menezes Pizzichini ◽  
Mirella Dias ◽  
Maíra Junkes Cunha ◽  
Darlan Lauricio Matte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and asthma, according to body mass index (BMI), as well as to evaluate factors associated with physician-diagnosed asthma, in individuals ≥ 40 years of age. Methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in Florianópolis, Brazil, with probability sampling. Data were collected during home visits. Demographic data were collected, as were reports of physician-diagnosed asthma, respiratory symptoms, medications in use, and comorbidities. Anthropometric measurements were taken. Individuals also underwent spirometry before and after bronchodilator administration. Individuals were categorized as being of normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2), overweight (25 kg/m2 ≥ BMI < 30 kg/m2), or obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Results: A total of 1,026 individuals were evaluated, 274 (26.7%) were of normal weight, 436 (42.5%) were overweight, and 316 (30.8%) were obese. The prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma was 11.0%. The prevalence of obesity was higher in women (p = 0.03), as it was in respondents with ≤ 4 years of schooling (p < 0.001) or a family income of 3-10 times the national minimum wage. Physician-diagnosed asthma was more common among obese individuals than among those who were overweight and those of normal weight (16.1%, 9.9%, and 8.0%, respectively; p = 0.04), as were dyspnea (35.5%, 22.5%, and 17.9%, respectively; p < 0.001) and wheezing in the last year (25.6%, 11.9%, and 14.6%, respectively; p < 0.001). These results were independent of patient smoking status. In addition, obese individuals were three times more likely to report physician-diagnosed asthma than were those of normal weight (p = 0.005). Conclusions: A report of physician-diagnosed asthma showed a significant association with being ≥ 40 years of age and with having a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. Being obese tripled the chance of physician-diagnosed asthma.

scholarly journals The association between major dietary patterns at dinner and obesity in adults living in Tehran: A population-based study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-279
Author(s):  
Zahra Akbarzade ◽  
Kurosh Djafarian ◽  
Cain C. T. Clark ◽  
Azadeh Lesani ◽  
Hossein Shahinfar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
P Value ◽  
General Obesity ◽  
Evening Meal ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Age Range

Introduction: Findings of studies on the association between evening meal and obesity are inconclusive. Thus, we sought to investigate the association between major dietary patterns at evening meal and obesity among apparently healthy adults in Tehran. Methods: This cross-sectional research was conducted using 833 adult men and women who lived in Tehran (age range: 20-59 years). Their dietary intake was evaluated by three, 24-h dietary recalls(24hDRs), and major patterns were identified using exploratory factor analysis. The association between major dietary patterns at dinner with general and central obesity was assessed using logistic regression analysis. Results: We identified 3 major dietary patterns at dinner including "prudent", "potatoes and eggs" and"Western" patterns. There was no significant relationship between prudent and general obesity (OR:0.76, 95% CI = 0.21, 1.15, P value = 0.20), and, a significant association was not observed between potatoes and eggs and general obesity (OR: 0.89, 95% CI = 0.60, 1.32, P value = 0.57) also, there was no significant relationship between Western dietary pattern and general obesity in this study (OR: 0.95,95% CI = 0.63, 1.43, P value = 0.82). Further analyses showed that there was no significant relationship between central obesity with any of the dietary patterns. Conclusion: The results of this study do not support a possible relationship between major dietary patterns at dinner with general and central obesity. However, the presented findings should be confirmed in prospective studies.

Physical Disabilities and Individual Vulnerability: Perspectives in Hyperendemic Municipalities for Leprosy

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 399-406
Author(s):  
Priscilla Dantas Almeida ◽  
Telma Maria Evangelista de Araújo ◽  
Alberto Novaes Ramos Júnior ◽  
Olívia Dias de Araújo ◽  
Inês Fronteira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Clinical Form ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Individual Vulnerability

Introduction: Epidemiological, operational and socio-demographic data on leprosy, as well as its direct and indirect impact on the affected person, his/her family, and community, are included in the group of neglected diseases. Objective: To analyze the association between the occurrence of physical disabilities in leprosy cases and individual vulnerability in hyperendemic municipalities. Methodology: population-based cross-sectional study of leprosy cases reported from 2001 to 2014 in two municipalities of Piauí/Brazil. Interviews and descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to study eventual associations. Results: Of the 603 cases evaluated, the most frequent were female (52%), brown (46%), with low schooling, married/united (50%) and retired (28%). A significant proportion of cases was multibacillary (46%), Virchowian clinical form (14%), reactional episodes (20%), disability degree I or II (70%). The explanatory variables for the presence of some degree of physical disability were gender, age group, perceived health, operational classification, clinical form, and hypertension (p<0.05). Conclusion: The physical disabilities caused by leprosy involve, in addition to dermatoneurological damage, psychological damage resulting from the strong stigma they produce. This result reinforces the need for differentiated care and nursing in disability prevention, physical rehabilitation and psychological follow-up to ensure comprehensive care.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Chronic Pain, Treatments, Perception, and Interference on Life Activities: Brazilian Population-Based Survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Barcellos de Souza ◽  
Eduardo Grossmann ◽  
Dirce Maria Navas Perissinotti ◽  
Jose Oswaldo de Oliveira Junior ◽  
Paulo Renato Barreiros da Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Population Based Survey

Background and Objectives. Chronic pain affects between 30% and 50% of the world population. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of chronic pain in Brazil, describe and compare differences between pain types and characteristics, and identify the types of therapies adopted and the impact of pain on daily life. Methods. Cross-sectional study of a population-based survey with randomized sample from a private database. The interviews were conducted by phone. 78% of the respondents aged 18 years or more agreed to be interviewed, for a total of 723 respondents distributed throughout the country. Independent variables were demographic data, pain and treatment characteristics, and impact of pain on daily life. Comparative and associative statistical analyses were conducted to select variables for nonhierarchical logistic regression. Results. Chronic pain prevalence was 39% and mean age was 41 years with predominance of females (56%). We found higher prevalence of chronic pain in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Pain treatment was not specific to gender. Dissatisfaction with chronic pain management was reported by 49% of participants. Conclusion. 39% of interviewed participants reported chronic pain, with prevalence of females. Gender-associated differences were found in intensity perception and interference of pain on daily life activities.

scholarly journals Coping with dyspareunia, the importance of inter and intrapersonal context on women’s sexual distress: a population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameneh Alizadeh ◽  
Farnaz Farnam
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Satisfaction ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Sexual Distress ◽  
Distress Scale

Abstract Background Recently known as the genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder (GPPPD), Dyspareunia is considered a negative factor affecting a couple’s sexual health. This paper analyzes pain in Dyspareunia cases and determines protective factors causing lower levels of sexual distress among patients. Methods In a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in 2017, the cluster quota sampling technique was adopted to randomly select 590 Iranian married women aged 18–70 years from 30 health centers. The research tools included demographic data, a sexual distress scale, and Binik’s GPPPD questionnaire. Results In this study, the prevalence of self-report Dyspareunia, confirmed moderate Dyspareunia, and confirmed severe Dyspareunia (based on Binik’s proposed criteria) were 33 %, 25.8 %, and 10.5 %, respectively. Interestingly, 32 (34 %) out of 94 women who experienced severe pain based on Binik’s criteria reported no sexual distress. Compared to women with distress, they also had more positive body images, higher self-confidence, higher levels of sexual satisfaction, and more intimacy in their relationships (P = 0.000). In contrast, 8.5 % of the participants reported significant sexual distress even without confirmed Dyspareunia. Conclusions Improving intrapersonal characteristics such as self-confidence and body image as well as interpersonal factors such as sexual satisfaction and intimacy with a spouse can effectively treat Dyspareunia by alleviating sexual distress. The partner’s role in female pain and distress management would be more critical than previously thought.

scholarly journals AMH was independently associated with central obesity but not with general obesity in women with PCOS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiying Zeng ◽  
Yinxiang Huang ◽  
Mulin Zhang ◽  
Chen Yun ◽  
Ye Jiawen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
General Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Pearson's Correlation

Objective: Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is recognized as the most important biomarker for ovarian reserve. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to explore the potential association of AMH with central obesity or general obesity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 179 patients with PCOS were enrolled and underwent anthropometric measurements (BMI and waist circumference (WC)) and serum AMH level detection. Pearson's correlation and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine associations of AMH with central obesity and general obesity. Results: Subjects with the increasing of body mass index (BMI) showed significantly lower values of AMH (median (IQR) 8.95 (6.03-13.60) ng/mL in normal weight group, 6.57 (4.18-8.77) ng/mL in overweight group, and 6.03 (4.34-9.44) ng/mL in obesity group, respectively, p=0.001), but higher levels of systolic blood pressure, fasting insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and obesity indices (WC, hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI)) respectively. Compared with the group of PCOS women without central obesity, the group with central obesity had significantly lower value of AMH (median (IQR) 8.56(5.29-12.96) vs. 6.22(4.33-8.82) ng/mL; p=0.003). Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that AMH were significantly and negatively correlated with BMI (r=-0.280; p<0.001), WC (r=-0.263; p<0.001), WHtR (r=-0.273; p<0.001), and CVAI (r=-0.211; p=0.006) respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjustment for potential confounding factors showed that AMH was independently and negatively associated with central obesity, but was not significantly associated with general obesity. Conclusions: AMH was independently and negatively associated with central obesity. Closely monitoring WC and AMH should be addressed in terms of assessing ovarian reserve in women with PCOS.

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