scholarly journals Assessment of Storage Related Haematological and Biochemical Changes in Blood Units

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-75
Author(s):  
Dr. Sirat Kaur
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Mount Sinai Hospital ◽  
Blood Component ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Citrate Dextrose ◽  
Additive Solution

Red blood cells are still the most widely transfused blood component worldwide and their story is intimately entwined with the history of transfusion medicine and the changes in the collection and storage of blood.1,2 At present, the most widely used protocol for the storage of red blood cells (for up to 42 days) is the collection of blood into anticoagulant solutions (typically citrate-dextrose-phosphate); red cell concentrates are prepared by the removal of plasma and, in some cases, also leukoreduction. The product is stored at 4 ± 2° C in a slightly hypertonic additive solution, generally SAGM (sodium, adenine, glucose, mannitol, 376 mOsm/L).1 The British obstetrician, Braxton Hicks in 1868, experimented with a solution of phosphate of soda, but this also proved toxic. Richard Lewinsohn, in 1915, of the Mount Sinai Hospital in New York is credited with introducing sodium citrate into clinical practice as an anticoagulant.3In fact, a 1% solution of sodium citrate was already widely used in laboratories as an anticoagulant. This high concentration was toxic to humans but, as Lewinsohn himself recalled, `Nobody had ever followed the simple thought of carrying out experiments to ascertain whether a much smaller dose might not be sufficient' for use as an anticoagulant.

Half-Strength Citrate CPD Combined with a New Additive Solution for Improved Storage of Red Blood Cells Suitable for Clinical Use

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-278
Author(s):  
C.F. Högman ◽  
L. Erikson ◽  
J. Gong ◽  
A.B. Högman ◽  
K. Vikholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Additive Solution

Computer Modeling of Fluid-Stress-Induced Blood Damage in a Mechanical Ventricular Assist Device

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandrina Untaroiu ◽  
Houston G. Wood ◽  
Paul E. Allaire
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
Ventricular Assist ◽  
Blood Damage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Number Of Particles

Congestive heart failure results the heart is unable to pump the required amount of blood to maintain the systemic circulation. World-wide, millions of patients are diagnosed with congestive heart failure every year, many of which ultimately become candidates for heart transplants. The limited number of available donor hearts, however, has resulted in a tremendous demand for alternative, supplemental circulatory support in the form of artificial heart pumps to serve as a “Bridge-to-Transplant”. The prospect of artificial heart pumps used for long-term support of congestive heart failure patients is directly dependent upon excellent blood compatibility. High fluid stress levels may arise due to high rotational speeds and narrow clearances between the stationary and rotating parts of the pump. Thus, fluid stress may result in damage to red blood cells and activation of platelets, contributing to thrombus formation. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate levels of blood trauma for successful design of a mechanical Ventricular Assist Device. Estimating the fluid stress levels that occur in a blood pump during the design phase also provides valuable information for optimization considerations. This study describes the CFD evaluation of blood damage in a magnetically suspended axial pump that occurs due to fluid stress. Using CFD, a blood damage index, reflecting the percentage of damaged red blood cells, was numerically estimated based on the scalar fluid stress values and exposure time to such stresses. A number of particles, with no mass and reactive properties, was injected at the inflow of the computational domain and traveled along their corresponding streamlines. A Lagrangian particle tracking technique was employed to obtain the stress history of each particle along its streamline, making it possible to consider the damage history of each particle. Maximum scalar stresses of approximately 430 Pa were estimated to occur along the tip surface of the impeller blades, more precisely at the leading edge of the impeller blades. The maximum time required for the vast majority of particles to pass through the pump was approximately 0.085sec. A small number of particles (approximately 5%), which traveled through the narrow gap between the stationary and rotating part of the pump, exited the computational domain in approximately 0.2 sec. The mean value of blood damage index was found to be 0.15% with a maximum value of approximately 0.47%. These values are one order of magnitude lower than the approximated damage indices published in the literature for other Ventricular Assist Devices. The low blood damage index indicates that red blood cells traveling along the streamlines considered are not likely to be ruptured, mainly due to the very small time of exposure to high stress.

scholarly journals Overnight, room temperature hold of whole blood followed by 42-day storage of red blood cells in additive solution-7

Transfusion ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry J. Dumont ◽  
Jose A. Cancelas ◽  
Lou Ann Maes ◽  
Neeta Rugg ◽  
Pamela Whitley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Additive Solution

Collection and storage of red blood cells with anticoagulant and additive solution with a physiologic pH

Transfusion ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1245-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Burger ◽  
Herbert Korsten ◽  
Arthur J. Verhoeven ◽  
Dirk de Korte ◽  
Robin van Bruggen
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Additive Solution ◽  
And Storage

scholarly journals Blood Component Therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Shanaz Karim ◽  
Ehteshamul Hoque ◽  
Md Mazharul Hoque ◽  
Syeda Masooma Rahman ◽  
Kashfia Islam
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Fresh Frozen Plasma ◽  
Blood Component ◽  
Packed Red Blood Cells ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Blood Component Therapy ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Cellular Components

Transfusion medicine has undergone advancements since its initiation in the early 20th century. One of these was the discovery that blood can be divided into individual components and delivered separately. Today, blood transfusions nearly always consist of the ad-ministration of 1 or more components of blood. Whole blood transfusion is now limited to situations involving massive resuscitation (trauma ) The most familiar cellular components include packed red blood cells (PRBC), washed PRBC, leukoreduced PRBC and pooled or aphaeresis platelets. Plasma products such as FFP or cryoprecipitate, ant hemophilic factor (CRYO). The transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs), platelets, fresh-frozen plasma (FFP), and cryoprecipitate has the potential of improving clinical outcomes in perioperative and peripartum settings. These benefits include improved tissue oxygenation and decreased bleeding. However, transfusions are not without risks or costs. With the advent of blood component therapy, each unit of whole blood collected serves the specific needs of several, rather than a single patient.Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 9, No. 2: Jul 2018, P 142-147

Additive Solution for the Suspension and Storage of Deglycerolized Red Blood Cells

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
D.G. Ross ◽  
W.A.L. Heaton ◽  
S. Holme
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Additive Solution ◽  
And Storage

Additive Solution for the Suspension and Storage of Deglycerolized Red Blood Cells

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-138
Author(s):  
D. G. Ross ◽  
W.A. L. Heaton ◽  
S. Holme
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Additive Solution ◽  
And Storage

scholarly journals Assessment of the Deformability and Velocity of Healthy and Artificially Impaired Red Blood Cells in Narrow Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Microchannels

Micromachines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Boas ◽  
Vera Faustino ◽  
Rui Lima ◽  
João Miranda ◽  
Graça Minas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
Image Analysis Techniques

Malaria is one of the leading causes of death in underdeveloped regions. Thus, the development of rapid, efficient, and competitive diagnostic techniques is essential. This work reports a study of the deformability and velocity assessment of healthy and artificially impaired red blood cells (RBCs), with the purpose of potentially mimicking malaria effects, in narrow polydimethylsiloxane microchannels. To obtain impaired RBCs, their properties were modified by adding, to the RBCs, different concentrations of glucose, glutaraldehyde, or diamide, in order to increase the cells’ rigidity. The effects of the RBCs’ artificial stiffening were evaluated by combining image analysis techniques with microchannels with a contraction width of 8 µm, making it possible to measure the cells’ deformability and velocity of both healthy and modified RBCs. The results showed that healthy RBCs naturally deform when they cross the contractions and rapidly recover their original shape. In contrast, for the modified samples with high concentration of chemicals, the same did not occur. Additionally, for all the tested modification methods, the results have shown a decrease in the RBCs’ deformability and velocity as the cells’ rigidity increases, when compared to the behavior of healthy RBCs samples. These results show the ability of the image analysis tools combined with microchannel contractions to obtain crucial information on the pathological blood phenomena in microcirculation. Particularly, it was possible to measure the deformability of the RBCs and their velocity, resulting in a velocity/deformability relation in the microchannel. This correlation shows great potential to relate the RBCs’ behavior with the various stages of malaria, helping to establish the development of new diagnostic systems towards point-of-care devices.

A Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction Caused by an Unexpected Leb Antibody

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander A Delk ◽  
Richard R Gammon ◽  
Harold Alvarez ◽  
Nancy Benitez ◽  
Frieda Bright
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Black Male ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Transfusion Reaction ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Possible Cause

Abstract A Black male patient aged 21 years with a history of sickle cell disease and HIV was admitted to the hospital with vaso-occlusive crisis. A transfusion reaction was called after the patient developed a fever (39.5°C), tachycardia, chills, and hematuria after receiving 300 mL of red blood cells. A posttransfusion specimen was submitted to the Immunohematology Reference Laboratory for investigation. Antibody identification revealed an anti-Leb as the probable cause of the immediate acute hemolytic transfusion reaction. Lewis antibodies are considered clinically insignificant. This case shows the importance of considering cold antibodies, including Lewis antibodies, as a possible cause of an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction.

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