scholarly journals E-Inclusion: Defining Basic Image Properties for Illustrated Stimuli in Aphasia Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Reymond ◽  
Christine Müller ◽  
Indre Grumbinaite
Keyword(s):  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Visual Complexity ◽  
White Line ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Aphasia Therapy ◽  
Aphasia Treatment ◽  
The University ◽  
Research Criteria

Word production is stimulated by images in treatment processes for people with aphasia (Heuer & Hallowell, 2007). Although stimulation through pictorial stimuli has a long tradition in aphasia therapy, there is a lack in research on which image stimuli are the most suitable for this purpose (Brown & Thiessen, 2018). Current research assumes that stimulation via photographic images evokes better and more direct retrieve of searched words, than stimulation by illustrations (Heuer, 2016). However, the illustrations investigated so far mostly comprise black and white line drawings and there are hardly any studies investigating possible effects of different image parameters as style, image cropping or perspective in relation to clear naming. We developed a visual concept of illustrated images enabling clear determinability of activities and objects. The 128 designed stimuli that meet linguistic research criteria were named by 62 students regarding "name agreement" and evaluated on a 5-point scale with respect to "visual complexity" and "image agreement". The illustrated images will be examined in a following study regarding the correctness of the naming by persons with aphasia and be compared with corresponding photographic stimuli. The analysis presented here is part of the study E-Inclusion, an interdisciplinary project that includes researchers in life science technology, linguistics and speech therapy as well as image research from the University of Applied Sciences and Art Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW).

The naming impairment of living and nonliving items in Alzheimer's disease

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Montanes ◽  
Marie Claire Goldblum ◽  
Francois Boller
Keyword(s):  
Visual Complexity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Semantic Category ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
White Line ◽  
Error Type ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractSeveral studies of semantic abilities in Dementia of the Alzheimer Type (DAT) suggest that their semantic disorders may affect specific categories of knowledge. In particular, the existence of a category-specific semantic impairment affecting, selectively, living things has frequently been reported in association with DAT. We report here results from two naming tasks of 25 DAT patients and two subgroups within this population. The first naming task used 48 black and white line drawings from Snodgrass and Vanderwart (1980) which controlled the visual complexity of stimuli from living and nonliving categories. The second task used 44 colored pictures (to assess the influence of word frequency in living vs. nonliving categories). Within the set of black and white pictures, both DAT patients and controls obtained significantly lower scores on high visual complexity stimuli than on stimuli of low visual complexity. A clear effect of semantic category emerged for DAT patients and controls, with a lower performance on the living category. Within the colored set, pictures corresponding to high frequency words gave rise to significantly higher scores than pictures corresponding to low frequency words. No significant difference emerged between living versus nonliving categories, either in DAT patients or in controls. In the two tasks, the two subgroups of DAT patients presented a different profile of performance and error type. As color constitutes the main difference between the two sets of pictures, our results point to the relevance of this cue in the processing of semantic information, with visual complexity and frequency also being very relevant. (JINS, 1995, I, 39–48.)

scholarly journals Insect Management in Your Florida Lawn

EDIS ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen A. Buss ◽  
J. Bryan Unruh
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
White Line ◽  
Insect Management ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Cycle Monitoring ◽  
And Control

Revised! Circular 427, a 12-page illustrated circular by Eileen A. Buss and J. Bryan Unruh, covers all aspects of insect management for Florida homeowners: monitoring, cultural practices, notes on control, precautions, and descriptions of several destructive lawn pests with information about life cycle, monitoring, damage and control for each. This version is enhanced and updated throughout, with color illustrations replacing the black-and-white line drawings of earlier versions. This publication corresponds to pages 120-130 in the Pest Management chapter of the Florida Lawn Handbook, 3rd edition. Published by the UF Department of Environmental Horticulture, August 2006.

Effect of Color on Developmental Picture-Vocabulary Naming of 4-, 6-, and 8-Year-Old Children

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene M. Barrow ◽  
Donald Holbert ◽  
Michael P. Rastatter
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Reaction Time Data ◽  
Time Data ◽  
White Line ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Developmental Age ◽  
Accuracy Rates ◽  
Accuracy Data

This study examined the effect of color on the naming process in children for pictures of increasing vocabulary difficulty levels. Picture-naming reaction times and accuracy rates were measured for both black and white line drawings and color drawings in 30 normally developing children, ages 4, 6, and 8 years, via a tachistoscopic viewing paradigm. Statistical analysis of reaction time data revealed that color affected speed of naming only when the vocabulary level of the picture was within the developmental range of the child. That is, for vocabulary within an emerging period for the child, colored drawings were named significantly faster than black and white line drawings. However, color did not significantly influence speed of naming for pictures either for vocabulary well established in the child’s lexicon or for vocabulary above the child’s developmental age. Statistical analysis of accuracy data revealed significant color by vocabulary interactions. Specifically, when the vocabulary level of the pictures exceeded chronological age level, children named color drawings with significantly higher accuracy rates than black and white line drawings.

Age, Familiarity, and Visual Processing Schemes

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 591-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane T. De Haven ◽  
Cynthia Roberts-Gray
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Partial Report ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Perceptual Process ◽  
White Line ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Full Color

In a partial-report task adults and 5-yr.-old children identified stimuli of two types (common objects and familiar common objects) in two representations (black-and-white line drawings or full color photographs). It was hypothesized that familiar items and photographic representation would enhance the children's accuracy. Although both children and adults were more accurate when the stimuli were from the familiar set, children performed poorly in all stimulus conditions. Results suggest that the age difference in this task reflects the “concrete” nature of the perceptual process in children.

Effects of Apparent Listener Knowledge and Picture Stimuli on Aphasic and Non-Brain-Damaged Speakers’ Narrative Discourse

1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Brenneise-Sarshad ◽  
Linda E. Nicholas ◽  
Robert H. Brookshire
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
White Line ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Picture Stimuli ◽  
The Subject

This experiment investigated whether aphasic adults’ assumptions regarding listener knowledge of the topic of discourse affects the content of their narrative discourse. Aphasic and non-brain-damaged adults told two stories about sequences of black-and-white line drawings in two conditions. In a knowledgeable listener condition, subjects told the stories to a listener while the subject and listener were looking at the pictures portraying the story. In a naive listener condition, subjects told the stories to a listener whom the subject had not met before, who did not have access to pictures about the stories, and who the subject was led to believe had no knowledge of the pictures upon which the stories were based. The differences in performance between non-brain-damaged and aphasic subjects were greater than the differences between listener conditions and between stories. Non-brain-damaged subjects produced significantly more words, more information, a greater percentage of words that communicated relevant and accurate information, and longer grammatical units than aphasic subjects did. There were no significant differences between non-brain-damaged and aphasic subjects in their use of four kinds of cohesive ties. Listener conditions and stories had few significant effects on non-brain-damaged or aphasic subjects’ performance, and the few statistically significant effects that were observed did not appear to be clinically important.

Effects of Danger, Usefulness, and Body-Object Interaction in picture naming

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa R. Van Havermaet ◽  
Lee H. Wurm
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Random Order ◽  
White Line ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Object Interaction ◽  
The Common

Abstract Several previous studies have shown that the time-course of word recognition is determined in part by an interaction between connotations of Danger and Usefulness. A small, mostly separate literature has investigated the role of Body-Object Interaction (BOI) in lexical processing. BOI is defined as the ease with which one can interact with an object. To date the lexical decision study of Van Havermaet and Wurm (2014) is the only study to include all three of these constructs. Stimuli in the current study were black-and-white line drawings corresponding to the common nouns used by Van Havermaet and Wurm (2014). Participants viewed the stimuli one at a time in a random order and had to name them as quickly as possible. Naming times revealed a significant three-way interaction between Danger, Usefulness, and BOI similar to that found for visual lexical decision: The familiar Danger x Usefulness interaction, observed in many previous studies, was observed only for items relatively lower on BOI. The interaction between semantic and embodied processing variables is not restricted to purely linguistic stimuli.

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