scholarly journals Format (Formats & Genre)

10.34778/2za ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Schwaiger ◽  
Daniel Vogler
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Frankfurt Am Main ◽  
Media Type ◽  
Content Analyses ◽  
Media Outlet ◽  
Sat 1

The variable “format” is a formal variable that is widely used for content analyses of news media. “Format” characterizes the news media outlet and/or channel and is often synonymously labelled as “media type” in various studies.   Field of application/Theoretical foundation: The variable can be used for content analyses of print, broadcast or online media. It is an important part of a codebook, as it provides context information of the analyzed content. Also, it helps to categorize other (latent) variables.   References/combination with other methods of data collection: The variable is usually part of the meta-data when content is accessed through common databases like Factiva or Lexis-Nexis. The variable “format” also makes an ex ante categorization of media content possible. A combination with automated content analyses or any other manually coded variables is thus easily possible.   Sample operationalization: Medium Operationalization Unit of analysis Studies Holistic Print Online Radio Fernsehen Channel fög – Forschungsinstitut Öffentlichkeit und Gesellschaft (Ed.) (2019). Jahrbuch Qualität der Medien - Schweiz Suisse Svizzera. Zürich: Schwabe. Holistic Abonnement-Online Boulevard/ Pendler-Online:    Sonntagszeitungen/ Magazine  Öffentlicher Rundfunk Outlet Eisenegger, M., Oehmer, F., Udris, L., Vogler, D. (2020). Die Qualität der Medienberichterstattung zur Corona-Pandemie. In fög – Forschungsinstitut Öffentlichkeit und Gesellschaft (Ed.) Jahrbuch Qualität der Medien - Schweiz Suisse Svizzera (S. 29-48). Zürich: Schwabe. Print AbonnementszeitungenBoulevardzeitungenPendlerzeitungenSonntagzeitungen/ Magazine Outlet fög – Forschungsinstitut Öffentlichkeit und Gesellschaft (Ed.) (2019). Jahrbuch Qualität der Medien - Schweiz Suisse Svizzera. Zürich: Schwabe. Print National Tabloid Local Religious Regional Outlet Levinsen, K., & Wien, C. (2011). Changing media representations of youth in the news – a content analysis of Danish newspapers 1953–2003. Journal of Youth Studies, 14(7), 837-851. doi:10.1080/13676261.2011.607434 Broadcast Universelle Nachrichtensendungen Nachrichten Nachrichtenmagazine Schlagzeilen, Kurznachrichten Regionale Nachrichten Nachrichten Nachrichtenmagazine Schlagzeilen, Kurznachrichten Themenspezifische Nachrichtensendungen Wetternachrichten Wirtschaftsnachrichten Europanachrichten Sonstige Sendungen Programmtrailer Werbung und Sponsoring Program Trebbe, J. (2013). Zwischen Boulevard und Ratgeber-TV. Eine vergleichende Programmanalyse von SWR und NDR. OBS-Arbeitspapier Nr. 12. Frankfurt am Main: Otto Brenner Stiftung. Broadcast Information Journalistische Unterhaltung Factual Entertainment Program Krüger, U. M., Zapf-Schramm, T., & Jung, M. (2019). Sendungsformen, Themen und Akteure im Nonfictionangebot von ARD, ZDF, RTL und Sat.1. Media Perspektiven, 5(2019), 232-252. Online Tageszeitungen Überregionale Wochen- und Sonntagszeitungen “General interest”-Publikumszeitschriften Mindestens landesweit verbreitete Fernseh- und Hörfunkanbieter Formate der Nur-Internetangebote: Professionelle, redaktionell organisierte Angebote Portale Nutzerplattformen Nachrichtensuchmaschinen Weblogs Outlet Neuberger, C., Nuernbergk, C., & Rischke, M. (2009). Journalismus – neu vermessen. Die Grundgesamtheit journalistischer Internetangebote – Methode und Ergebnisse. In C. Neuberger, C. Nuernbergk, & M. Rischke (Eds.), Journalismus im Internet (pp. 197-230). Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.   Codebook example: Oehmer, Eisenegger, Udris &  Vogler (2020)   References: Oehmer, F., Eisenegger, M., Udris, L. & Vogler, D. (2020). Codebuch zur Studie «Die Qualität der Medienberichterstattung zur Corona-Pandemie». Retrieved from: https://zenodo.org/record/3958929#.X24FDu1CQuU

TV Debates in Media Contexts: How and When Do TV Debates Have an Effect on Learning Processes?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiko Wagner ◽  
Elena Werner
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Learning Effect ◽  
Political Knowledge ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Opposition Party ◽  
Content Analyses ◽  
The Media ◽  
Panel Survey Data

This chapter examines the effect of TV debates on political knowledge conditioned by the media context. We argue that TV debates take place in a wider media context and the extent of citizens’ learning processes about issue positions depends also on the informational context in general. We test four hypotheses: while the first three hypotheses concern the conditional impact of media issue coverage and debate content, the last hypothesis addresses the differences between incumbent and challenger. Using media content analyses and panel survey data, our results confirm the hypotheses that (1) when an issue is addressed in a TV debate, viewers tend to develop a perception of the parties’ positions on this issue, but (2) only if this issue has not been addressed extensively in the media beforehand. This learning effect about parties’ positions is bigger for the opposition party.

Agenda-Setting Dynamics during the Campaign Period

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Partheymüller
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
News Media ◽  
Agenda Setting ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Agenda Setter ◽  
Memory Decay ◽  
The Media

It is widely believed that the news media have a strong influence on defining what are the most important problems facing the country during election campaigns. Yet, recent research has pointed to several factors that may limit the mass media’s agenda-setting power. Linking news media content to rolling cross-section survey data, the chapter examines the role of three such limiting factors in the context of the 2009 and the 2013 German federal elections: (1) rapid memory decay on the part of voters, (2) advertising by the political parties, and (3) the fragmentation of the media landscape. The results show that the mass media may serve as a powerful agenda setter, but also demonstrate that the media’s influence is strictly limited by voters’ cognitive capacities and the structure of the campaign information environment.

scholarly journals Women in the Margins: Media Representations of Women's Labour in the Canadian Press, 1935-1945

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Moniz
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Domestic Sphere ◽  
War Effort

During the Second World War, women’s participation in Canada’s ‘total war’ effort meant increased domestic responsibilities, volunteering, enlisting in the armed forces, and joining the civilian workforce. Women’s labour force participation more than doubled throughout the war, with more women working alongside and in place of men than ever before. This created a situation that could challenge the traditional sexual division of labour, and so women’s labour became a subject for discussion in the public sphere. Through a comparative content analysis of the commercial and alternative (labour) press, this study examines representations of women’s labour in wartime in the context of women’s mobilization into the war effort through to subsequent demobilization near war’s end. It first considers the theoretical and methodological issues involved in the historical study of news media and women and then offers original empirical research to demonstrate that when women’s labour did emerge as a subject in the Canadian press, gender, not labour, was prioritized in the news. This was symbolically and systematically leveraged both within and across the commercial and alternative press, which reinforces stereotypical values about women and their labour and upheld the patriarchal status quo. In the end, while there were surface-level changes to the nature of women’s paid labour during the war, the structures of female subordination and exploitation remained unchallenged despite women’s massive mobilization into the workforce. By setting media representations against the wartime realities of women’s labour told through archival records and secondary literature, this dissertation argues that news media generally presented a ‘history’ of women’s labour that did not reflect the lived reality or the political economic and social significance of women’s labouring lives. This not only coloured how women’s labour was represented in the news, but it can also shape the history that scholars construct from the newspaper. In contributing to feminist media and media history scholarship, this dissertation offers empirical evidence that challenges dominant ways of thinking about women’s history in terms of the domestic sphere and furthers an understanding of women’s wage labour as a provocation to such historical public-private divisions. This may, in turn, inspire histories that more fully and equitably capture women’s experiences.

scholarly journals Social Media Content Headlinesand Their Impact on Attracting Attention

2020 ◽  
Vol 1/2020 (10) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Kishokanth Jeganathan ◽  
◽  
Andrzej Szymkowiak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Product Information ◽  
Future Research ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Two Stages

Social media is an important source of product information for many users. Marketing in social media is based not only on building a community around the brand, but social media is used as a way to reach a defi ned group of users with a marketing message. These users are shown content, including promoted posts, which is to draw their attention, interest and get them to action, i.e. click on the link and read the article promoting an event or product. In this article, we investigated how the diff erent headline wordings (question, traditional, forward referring) aff ect the desire to read the article. An experiment was conducted on 75 participants, which confi rmed that the header has a large eff ect size. The ANOVA analysis was carried out in two stages, additionally taking into account the importance and general interest in the subject of the article by users. Finally, the possible business implications, limitations, and directions for future research were identifi ed.

A Critical Examination of Online News Media Representations of Bisexual Women Who Use Cannabis

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-229
Author(s):  
Melissa Marie Legge ◽  
Lesley Tarasoff ◽  
Corey Flanders ◽  
Rasha Taha ◽  
Margaret Robinson
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Online News ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Bisexual Women

Reliability and Validity in Automated Content Analysis

2014 ◽  
pp. 352-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Automated Content Analysis ◽  
Content Analyses ◽  
The Many

In light of the research in other chapters in this volume, this chapter considers some of the important and as-yet-unresolved methodological issues in automated content analysis. The chapter focuses on DICTION in particular, but the concerns raised here also apply to automated content analytic techniques more generally. Those concerns are twofold. First, the chapter considers the importance of aggregation for the reliability of content analyses, both human- and computer-coded. Second, the chapter reviews some of the difficulties associated with testing the validity of the kinds of complex (latent) variables on which DICTION is focused. On the whole, the chapter argues that this (and its companion) volume reflect just some of the many possibilities for DICTION-based analyses, but researchers must proceed with a certain amount of caution as well.

Medical Tourism Patient Mortality

2022 ◽  
pp. 143-162
Author(s):  
Alicia Mason ◽  
Sakshi Bhati ◽  
Ran Jiang ◽  
Elizabeth A. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
Patient Death ◽  
Bereavement Counseling ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Social Support Systems

Medical tourism is a process in which a consumer travels from one's place of residence and receives medical treatment, thus becoming a patient. Patients Beyond Borders (PBB) forecasts some 1.9 million Americans will travel outside the United States for medical care in 2019. This chapter explores media representations of patient mortality associated with medical tourism within the global news media occurring between 2009-2019. A qualitative content analysis of 50 patient mortality cases found that (1) a majority of media representations of medical tourism patient death are of middle-class, minority females between 25-55 years of age who seek cosmetic surgery internationally; (2) sudden death, grief, and bereavement counseling is noticeably absent from medical tourism providers (MTPs); and (3) risk information from authority figures within the media reports is often vague and abstract. A detailed list of health communication recommendations and considerations for future medical tourists and their social support systems are provided.

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