COGNITIVE RESERVES: PREFRONTAL CORTEX OR INFORMATION LOAD?

2021 ◽  
pp. 202-209
Author(s):  
М.А. Бакаев ◽  
О.М. Разумникова
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Information Load ◽  
Psychometric Assessment ◽  
Applied Ontology ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Selection Of

Информационные технологии становятся всё более важным инструментом научного познания в связи с экспоненциальным увеличением количества публикаций, представляющих результаты нейробиологических и психологических исследований. Для выявления предикторов когнитивных резервов и методик их определения на основе разработанной прикладной онтологии нами выполнен библиометрический анализ публикаций, содержащихся в базе данных PubMed. Показано, что ежегодный рост количества релевантных теме публикаций в период 1990- 2019 гг. составил 11%, что превышает средний по науке. Среди психофизиологических индикаторов когнитивных резервов наибольший интерес отмечен к изучению префронтальной коры головного мозга, бета-диапазона (13-30 Гц) ЭЭГ, тормозных процессов и информационной нагрузки. Анализ роли этих факторов свидетельствует, что формирование и/или реализация когнитивных резервов обеспечивается вследствие тормозных функций префронтальной коры головного мозга для эффективной селекции релевантных стимулов в условиях информационной нагрузки. Выделенные предикторы когнитивных резервов и наиболее популярные методики их психометрической оценки могут быть полезны для выбора новых направлений исследований в геронтологии. Information technology is becoming an increasingly important tool of scientific knowledge due to the exponential growth of the number of publications presenting the results of neurobiological and psychological research. To identify predictors of cognitive reserves and methods for their determination based on the developed applied ontology, we performed a bibliometric analysis of publications contained in the PubMed database. It is shown that the annual growth in the number of publications relevant to the topic in the period 1990-2019 was 11%, which is higher than the average for science. We found the following psychophysiological indicators of cognitive reserves to gain the greatest increase in the interest of researchers: prefrontal cortex, beta range (13-30 Hz) of EEG, inhibition and information load. Analysis of the role of these factors suggests that the development and/or realization of cognitive reserves is provided due to inhibitory functions of the prefrontal cortex for the effective selection of relevant stimuli under conditions of information load. The identified predictors of cognitive reserves and the most popular methods of their psychometric assessment can be useful for choosing new areas of research in gerontology.

scholarly journals EXPERİMENTAL-PSYCHOLOGİCAL RESEARCH AS A MAİN FACTOR İN SELF- ACTUALİZATİON AND PROFESSİON SELECTİON OF ADOLESCENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevinj Orujova
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Training Costs ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
And Training ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Main Factor

The article is devoted to the study of the role of self-actualization and profession motives in the profession selection in adolescents. Research has shown that increasing the level of self-actualization in adolescents depends on a number of factors, including the self-esteem of adolescents, changing their attitudes towards their potential and the nature of the formative work carried out with them. However, research has shown that there is a correlative dependency, and this dependence is positive, between adolescents' profession selection and self-assessment, self-actualization, and training costs.

scholarly journals Learning in Infancy Is Active, Endogenously Motivated, and Depends on the Prefrontal Cortices

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gal Raz ◽  
Rebecca Saxe
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Common View ◽  
Sensory Experiences ◽  
Intrinsic Motivations ◽  
Statistical Regularities ◽  
Infant Brain ◽  
Selection Of

A common view of learning in infancy emphasizes the role of incidental sensory experiences from which increasingly abstract statistical regularities are extracted. In this view, infant brains initially support basic sensory and motor functions, followed by maturation of higher-level association cortex. Here, we critique this view and posit that, by contrast and more like adults, infants are active, endogenously motivated learners who structure their own learning through flexible selection of attentional targets and active interventions on their environment. We further argue that the infant brain, and particularly the prefrontal cortex (PFC), is well equipped to support these learning behaviors. We review recent progress in characterizing the function of the infant PFC, which suggests that, as in adults, the PFC is functionally specialized and highly connected. Together, we present an integrative account of infant minds and brains, in which the infant PFC represents multiple intrinsic motivations, which are leveraged for active learning.

scholarly journals Learning in Infancy is Active, Endogenously Motivated, and Depends on Prefrontal Cortices

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gal Raz ◽  
Rebecca Saxe
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Common View ◽  
Sensory Experiences ◽  
Intrinsic Motivations ◽  
Statistical Regularities ◽  
Infant Brain ◽  
Selection Of

A common view of learning in infancy emphasizes the role of incidental, sensory experiences from which increasingly abstract statistical regularities are extracted. In this view, infant brains initially support basic sensory and motor functions, followed by maturation of higher-level association cortex. Here, we critique this view and posit that, by contrast and more like adults, infants are active, endogenously motivated learners who structure their own learning through flexible selection of attentional targets and active interventions on their environment. We further argue that the infant brain, and particularly the prefrontal cortex (PFC), is well-equipped to support these learning behaviors. We review recent progress in characterizing the function of the infant PFC, which suggests that, also like adults, PFC is functionally specialized and highly connected. Together, we present an integrative account of infant minds and brains, in which the infant PFC represents multiple intrinsic motivations, which are leveraged for active learning.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF DISEASE ERADICATION SYSTEMS FOR POTATO CULTIVARS BY BIOTECHNOLOGICAL METHODS

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 179-194
Author(s):  
I.V. Demchuk ◽  
M.M. Zaritsky
Keyword(s):  
Seed Potato ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Meristem Culture ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Disease Eradication ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
Initial Seed ◽  
Selection Of

The investigation results of disease eradication systems for the initial seed potato material obtained from the meristem culture in combination with chemotherapy are shown. The special role of the virology control in these processes is demonstrated. The maintenance of morphological and productive properties in the initial seed potato material is discussed. The necessity of effective selection of bestcharacteristic lines for the potato seed initial material is underlined.

scholarly journals DRP1 Mediated Fission Has an Important Role in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Jesús Ángel Prieto Ruiz ◽  
Jorge Gómez - Reino López ◽  
Oscar Antón Canales ◽  
Ignacio Ventura González
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases ◽  
Stable Growth ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Number Of Citations ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives - Our objectives are to perform a bibliometric analysis with which to highlight the relevance of Drp1 in the pathogenesis of AD and PD as a fundamental regulator of mitochondrial fusion and fission homeostasis, in addition to highlighting Drp1 as a possible therapeutic target in AD and PD. Methods - We have carried out a bibliometric study based on a search in the PubMed database, the selected articles that are in the period from 01/01/2008 to 12/31/2019. Through an analysis of the data and a representation in graphs we show the relationship between Drp1 with AD and PD. Results - The analyzed data show a slow but stable growth interest in the relationship of Drp1 with AD and PD. First, we analyze the number of publications per year that both the AD and PD remain stable over time, followed by the number of publications we are interested in observing the quantitative validity of these data, expressed in the average JCR per year and the number of citations of the articles, which show an interest in the role of Drp1 in AD and PD. Conclusions - Our bibliometric analysis shows that the relationship of Drp1 with AD and PD is relevant, that it is currently interested and that they are applying Drp1 as a key protein in the pathogenesis of both diseases and, therefore, as a possible therapeutic target for treatment. of both pathologies.

Response Interference as a Mechanism Underlying Implicit Measures

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertram Gawronski ◽  
Roland Deutsch ◽  
Etienne P. LeBel ◽  
Kurt R. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Response Interference ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Stimulus Features ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Over the last decade, implicit measures of mental associations (e.g., Implicit Association Test, sequential priming) have become increasingly popular in many areas of psychological research. Even though successful applications provide preliminary support for the validity of these measures, their underlying mechanisms are still controversial. The present article addresses the role of a particular mechanism that is hypothesized to mediate the influence of activated associations on task performance in many implicit measures: response interference (RI). Based on a review of relevant evidence, we argue that RI effects in implicit measures depend on participants’ attention to association-relevant stimulus features, which in turn can influence the reliability and the construct validity of these measures. Drawing on a moderated-mediation model (MMM) of task performance in RI paradigms, we provide several suggestions on how to address these problems in research using implicit measures.

The role of psychological research in the formation of policies affecting children.

1983 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor E. Maccoby ◽  
Alfred J. Kahn ◽  
Barbara A. Everett
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Research
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