AUSENCIA DE LATENCIA EN SEMILLA DE GENOTIPOS MEXICANOS DE CEBADA (Hordeum vulgare L.) PARA MALTA

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Juan A. Pérez-Ruiz ◽  
José A. Mejía-Contreras ◽  
Adrián Hernández-Livera ◽  
Mauro Zamora-Díaz

La latencia se considera como la nula germinación de semillas viables cuando son colocadas en condiciones óptimas para su germinación; una semilla recién madurada puede no germinar en condiciones favorables pero puede hacerlo después de un periodo de almacenamiento. En la industria cervecera la capacidad de germinación de las semillas de cebada (Hordeum vulgare L.) está relacionada con la calidad de malta obtenida al finalizar el proceso de malteado. En esta investigación se estudió el proceso de germinación de diez genotipos de cebada para malta en muestras de semillas colectadas a partir de la madurez fisiológica, hasta que alcanzaran una germinación superior a 90 %. La prueba de germinación estándar se realizó en una cámara de germinación a temperatura constante de 25 °C, en cuatro repeticiones de 100 semillas por muestreo; además se determinó el contenido de humedad de la semilla antes de cada prueba de germinación. Se empleó un diseño experimental completamente al azar. Los resultados mostraron diferencias (P < 0.05) entre genotipos y entre los muestreos tomados a partir de madurez fisiológica en el porcentaje de germinación. Se infiere que los genotipos de cebada para malta aquí evaluados no presentan latencia, debido a que sus semillas pudieron germinar desde la madurez fisiológica; el tiempo de almacenamiento para obtener más de 90 % de germinación fue de 21 d, con excepción de los genotipos M-173, Alina y Armida que requirieron 28 d.

Author(s):  
R.H.M. Cross ◽  
C.E.J. Botha ◽  
A.K. Cowan ◽  
B.J. Hartley

Senescence is an ordered degenerative process leading to death of individual cells, organs and organisms. The detection of a conditional lethal mutant (achloroplastic) of Hordeum vulgare has enabled us to investigate ultrastructural changes occurring in leaf tissue during foliar senescence.Examination of the tonoplast structure in six and 14 day-old mutant tissue revealed a progressive degeneration and disappearance of the membrane, apparently starting by day six in the vicinity of the mitochondria associated with the degenerating proplastid (Fig. 1.) where neither of the plastid membrane leaflets is evident (arrows, Fig. 1.). At this stage there was evidence that the mitochondrial membranes were undergoing retrogressive changes, coupled with disorganization of cristae (Fig. 2.). Proplastids (P) lack definitive prolamellar bodies. The cytoplasmic matrix is largely agranular, with few endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternae or polyribosomal aggregates. Interestingly, large numbers of actively-budding dictysomes, associated with pinocytotic vesicles, were observed in close proximity to the plasmalemma of mesophyll cells (Fig. 3.). By day 14 however, mesophyll cells showed almost complete breakdown of subcellular organelle structure (Fig. 4.), and further evidence for the breakdown of the tonoplast. The final stage of senescence is characterized by the solubilization of the cell wall due to expression and activity of polygalacturonase and/or cellulose. The presence of dictyosomes with associated pinocytotic vesicles formed from the mature face, in close proximity to both the plasmalemma and the cell wall, would appear to support the model proposed by Christopherson for the secretion of cellulase. This pathway of synthesis is typical for secretory glycoproteins.


Author(s):  
А.В. ЖЕЛЕЗНОВ ◽  
◽  
Н.Б. ЖЕЛЕЗНОВА ◽  
Т.В. КУКОЕВА ◽  
Н.В. БУРМАКИНА ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
А.В. ДИКАРЕВ ◽  
◽  
В.Г. ДИКАРЕВ ◽  
Н.С. ДИКАРЕВА ◽  
С.А. ГЕРАСЬКИН ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Om Prakash Yadav ◽  
A. K. Razdan ◽  
Bupesh Kumar ◽  
Praveen Singh ◽  
Anjani K. Singh

Genotype by environment interaction (GEI) of 18 barley varieties was assessed during two successive rabi crop seasons so as to identify high yielding and stable barley varieties. AMMI analysis showed that genotypes (G), environment (E) and GEI accounted for 1672.35, 78.25 and 20.51 of total variance, respectively. Partitioning of sum of squares due to GEI revealed significance of interaction principal component axis IPCA1 only On the basis of AMMI biplot analysis DWRB 137 (41.03qha–1), RD 2715 (32.54qha–1), BH 902 (37.53qha–1) and RD 2907 (33.29qha–1) exhibited grain yield superiority of 64.45, 30.42, 50.42 and 33.42 per cent, respectively over farmers’ recycled variety (24.43qha–1).


Author(s):  
O. A. Zadorozhna ◽  
T. P. Shyianova ◽  
M.Yu. Skorokhodov

Seed longevity of 76 spring barley gene pool samples (Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. distichon, convar. distichon: 56 nutans Schubl., two deficience (Steud.) Koern., two erectum Rode ex Shuebl., two medicum Koern.; convar. nudum (L.) A.Trof.: one nudum L. та subsp. vulgare: convar. vulgare: nine pallidum Ser., three rikotense Regel.; convar. coeleste (L.) A.Trof.: one coeleste (L.) A.Trof.) from 26 countries, 11 years and four places of reproduction was analyzed. Seeds with 5–8% moisture content were stored in chamber with unregulated and 4oC temperature. The possibility of seed storage under these conditions for at least 10 years without significant changes in germination has been established. The importance of meteorological conditions in the formation and ripening of seeds for their longevity is confirmed. The relationship between the decrease of barley seeds longevity and storage conditions, amount of rainfall, temperature regime during the growing season of plants is discussed.


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