scholarly journals STRUCTURAL CHANGE, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY AND SECTORAL LABOR PRODUCTIVITY IN SELECTED AFRICAN COUNTRIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-133
Author(s):  
Wondwosen Getaneh EJIGU
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
African Countries

scholarly journals Pakistan’s Productivity Performance and TFP Trends, 1980–2015: Cause for Real Concern

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (Special Edition) ◽  
pp. 33-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Amjad ◽  
Namra Awais
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Sustained Growth ◽  
Growth Prospects ◽  
High Output

This paper reviews Pakistan’s productivity performance over the last 35 years (1980–2015) and identifies factors that help explain the declining trend in labor productivity and total factor productivity (TFP), both of which could have served as major drivers of productivity growth – as happened in East Asia and more recently in India. A key finding is that the maximum TFP gains and their contribution to economic growth are realized during periods of high-output growth. The lack of sustained growth and low and declining levels of investment appear to be the most important causes of the low contribution of TFP to productivity growth, which has now reached levels that should be of major concern to policymakers vis-à-vis Pakistan’s growth prospects.

Evaluation of Firm Performances in Emerging Markets

2020 ◽  
pp. 329-354
Author(s):  
Seda Ekmen Özçelik
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Enterprise Surveys

This chapter provides basic understanding of firm performance in emerging markets by focusing on labor productivity and total factor productivity. In the study, labor productivity is measured in terms of average value added per worker. Total factor productivity is obtained from estimations of Cobb-Douglas production function where value added is a function of labor and capital. Data is obtained from the firm-level Enterprise Surveys by the World Bank. According to the results, differences in average labor productivities are significant among the sectors within each emerging region. Also, the value of factor elasticities changes across sectors as well as across regions. Moreover, the elasticity of capital is lower than the elasticity of labor for all sectors in regions. It implies that labor plays a more significant role and the firms are operating in a more labor-intensive production process in emerging markets.

scholarly journals Productivity-Concentration Relationship in The U.S. Meatpacking Industry

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clement E. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Food Manufacturing ◽  
Independent Analysis ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Meatpacking Industry

AbstractPrevious research found a positive relationship between concentration and total factor productivity in food manufacturing. One industry (i.e., meatpacking plants [SIC 2011]) was selected for independent analysis due to a relatively sharp increase in concentration in recent years. The methodology chosen was similar to previous studies. Total factor productivity increased 2.4 percent per year, and labor productivity increased 3.3 percent per year for meatpacking plants over the 1958–82 period. Concentration in meatpacking did not positively or negatively affect total factor productivity or labor productivity over the 25-year study period.

In search of structural change surplus and perpetual growth in Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerayehu Sime Eshete ◽  
Peter Kiko Kimuyu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Growth Options ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Growth Option ◽  
Current Path ◽  
Sectoral Growth

Purpose – The Ethiopian economy is characterized by erratic and poor performance with negative growth rates, seven times over the period 1981-2010. This trapped per capita income at 358 USD in 2010 staying far away from middle-income country status. A lot of unsolved debates regarding perpetual growth, structural change and sectoral allocation of resource emerged overtime. The purpose of this paper is to examine the alternative effects of induced sectoral total factor productivity and makes comparisons of various sectoral growth options. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses a recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model based on neoclassical-structuralist thought. It also calibrates coefficients that capture the impacts of openness, imported capital and liberalization on sectoral total factor productivity growth using a model of vector auto-regressive with exogenous variables. Findings – Future economic growth rate is expected to grow at a declining trend and to be dominated by the service sector. If it keeps growing on the current path it will expose the economy to a severe structural change burden problem. Openness induced agricultural total factor productivity highly improves the welfare of households while imported capital goods induced industrial total factor productivity is also better in fostering structural change of the economy. The broad-based growth option that combines the induced total factor productivity of all sectors also enables the economy to achieve more sustainable growth, rapid structural change and welfare gain at the same time. Originality/value – There are intensive and charged debates regarding alternative sectoral growth options. However, the debate does not derive from a rigorous analysis and holistic economy-wide approach. It is rather affiliated with politics. Therefore, the paper is original and investigates these issues meticulously.

scholarly journals Human Capital, Higher Education Enrolment and Economic Growth in the SSA Countries (Panel Model Approach)

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Akinola G. W. ◽  
Bokana K. G.
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Weak Relationship ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Ssa Countries

This study offers exploratory analysis on the relationship among human capital, higher education enrolment and economic growth in SSA countries. With data from twenty-two African countries across the four economic blocs, five variables which include human capital formation, capital stock, employment rate, total factor productivity and higher education enrolment were regressed against gross domestic product per capital. Panel analysis which includes fixed and random effects analyses were carried out. We report results from fixed effect (within) regression as Hausman test suggests. It was discovered that SADC countries perform better among the four economic blocs. To further study individual country specific effects, we employ least square dummy variables (LSDV). Sixteen countries out of twenty-two exhibit specific effects. Our findings revealed that enrolment rate of higher education in SSA have a very weak relationship with economic growth in the SSA countries. This reflects why there is a weak relationship between economic growth and the total factor productivity and consequently negative consequential effects on our total factor productivity. The main policy implication is that for SSA countries to maintain sustainable economic growth, home based human capital must be given a priority in the form of increased higher education budget and financing. 

Technology Upgrading in Emerging Economies

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-99
Author(s):  
Randolph Luca Bruno ◽  
Kirill Osaulenko ◽  
Slavo Radosevic
Keyword(s):  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Domestic Technology ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Process Scale ◽  
Technology Exchange ◽  
Technology Upgrading

The chapter applies a newly developed approach to technology upgrading to a sample of sixteen economies during 2002–16. The “Index of Technology Upgrading” is based on three complementary, but autonomous components that proxy for three different dimensions of the technology upgrading process: scale or intensity of technology activities (A); breadth or scope of technology upgrading activities (B); and interaction with the economy related to technology exchange (C). The results of our study reveal facets of the technology upgrading process and the relative positions of countries, which conventional mainstream approaches and composite indicators do not make evident. We conduct an econometric exercise, which shows that the index of technology upgrading contributes significantly to explaining changes in both total factor productivity and labor productivity, but that the index of technology exchange has no explanatory power. This latter result suggests that to contribute to increased productivity, openness to technology exchange needs to be complemented by domestic technology accumulation activities.

scholarly journals The Sources of Long-Run Growth in Spain, 1850-2000

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1063-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Prados de la Escosura ◽  
Joan R. Rosés
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Real Output ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Between 1850 and 2000 Spain's real output and labor productivity grew at average rates of 2.5 and 2.1 percent. The sources of this long-run growth are investigated here for the first time. Broad capital accumulation and efficiency gains appear as complementary in Spain's long-term growth. Factor accumulation dominated long-run growth up to 1950, while total factor productivity (TFP) led thereafter and, especially, during periods of growth acceleration. The main spurts in TFP and capital coincide with the impact of the railroads (1850s-1880), the electrification (the 1920s and 1950s), and to the adoption of new vintage technology during the Golden Age.

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