GIS Based Analysis Freight Demand in Jisr Diyala Area.

In determining the economy of the region, freight transportation plays a major role. Usually, efficient freight distribution networks take care of reducing the cost of transporting goods to and from transportation facilities. The purpose of this analysis is to find an alternative route for the Jisr Diyala entrance, using aggregate freight data and Spatial Analysis techniques from GIS, in particular, to analyze the travel pattern of intercity truck traffic. Shipping data is obtained through roadside surveys and interviews which represent the primary source of data for this study. The study concludes by determining the best route for trucks, which reflects the current path in fact, and proposing a path to split trucks from small vehicles to avoid the current problem, as the questionnaires revealed that the largest amount of goods type was for construction materials by 32%, with the majority of commercial areas intended for users. The path and the study of the paths that link them. Using GIS techniques, various assessments of freight demand are made, and producing this analysis is helpful for decision-makers to apply the right decisions.

Vision Based Indoor Surveillance Patrol Robot Using Extended Dijkstra Algorithm in Path Plannin

Vision based patrol robot has been with great interest nowadays due to its consistency, cost effectiveness and no temperament issue. In recent times, Global positioning system (GPS) has been cooperated with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) to come out with better accuracy quality in positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) services to locate a device. However, such localization service is yet to reach any indoor facility. For an indoor surveillance vision based patrol robot, such limitation hinders its path planning capabilities that allows the patrol robot to seek for the optimum path to reach the appointed destination and return back to its home position. In this paper, a vision based indoor surveillance patrol robot using sensory manipulation technique is presented and an extended Dijkstra algorithm is proposed for the patrol robot path planning. The design of the patrol robot adopted visual type sensor, range sensors and Inertia Measurement Unit (IMU) system to impulsively update the map’s data in line with the patrol robot’s current path and utilize the path planning features to carry out obstacle avoidance and re-routing process in accordance to the obstacle’s type met by the patrol robot. The result conveyed by such approach certainly managed to complete multiple cycles of testing with positive result.

A Novel Low Voltage Selective Circuit Breaker with Additional Current Path

The subject of the article is a description of the operating principle of the new proposal of the selective circuit breaker, which is an extension of the existing selective devices. The solution proposed in the article allows one to increase the selectivity range of classic selective circuit breakers. In the case of networks with high values of short-circuit loop impedance, operating at reduced supply voltage, the proposed solution will not limit the short-circuit current too excessively as it is in the case of classic solutions. This advantage will allow for the correct reaction of the protections preceding them. The article presents the structure and analysis of the selection of parameters of the proposed solution. The results of simulation calculations have also been illustrated.

Fabrication and characterization of low-sheet-resistance and stable stretchable electrodes employing metal and metal nanowire hybrid structure

Stretchable electrodes with high stretching capability and low sheet resistance were developed using a metal/silver nanowires (AgNWs)/metal hybrid structure on a poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. A low sheet resistance around 100 mΩ/square was achieved using the hybrid structures of Ag/AgNWs/Ag and Cu/AgNWs/Cu electrodes. The stretching capability under single and multi-cycling strain conditions was greatly improved due the AgNWs in-between top and bottom metal electrodes. The random connection of AgNWs generates new current path over the various cracks and wavy structures of the metal electrodes, which improve the initial resistance, the stretching capability of single strain up to 16 % and the resistance stability of 100 times cycling strain for the electrodes. Using a simple resistor model, it was shown that the hybrid structure is effective to improve the stretching capability of the stretchable metal electrodes due to random connection of AgNWs in-between the metal electrodes.

Enhanced controller for a four-leg inverter operating in a stand-alone microgrid with unbalanced loads

<span lang="EN-US">Stand-alone low voltage (LV) microgrids supplying small local loads far from the utility grid are becoming an increasingly popular alternative to a total reliance on the centralized utility grid. In most of LV microgrids, three-phase four-wire distribution systems are used to supply both single- and three-phase loads. Unequal distribution of loads can result in voltage unbalance problems. The use of the four-leg inverter is one of the best solutions for providing a neutral current path and compensating unbalanced load conditions in stand-alone LV microgrids. This paper proposes a fast control technique to compensate unbalanced voltage conditions for a four-leg inverter operating in a stand-alone LV microgrid. The suggested technique provides the current controller’s orthogonal component without introducing any additional dynamics or distortions. The major benefits of the recommended per-phase control technique over conventional orthogonal signal generation (OSG) methods are enhanced steady-state and dynamic performances as well as independency to the system parameters. Several simulation results are provided to confirm the superior performance of the suggested methods.</span>

Snapback-Free Reverse-Conducting SOI LIGBT with an Integrated Self-Biased MOSFET

A novel snapback-free RC-LIGBT with integrated self-biased N-MOSFET is proposed and investigated by simulation. The device features an integrated self-biased N-MOSFET(ISM) on the anode active region. One side of the ISM is shorted to the P+ anode electrode of RC-LIGBT and the other side is connected to the N+ anode via a floating ohmic contact. The adaptively turn-on/off of the ISM contributes to improve the static and dynamic performance of the ISM RC-LIGBT. In the forward-state, due to the off-state of the ISM, the snapback could be effectively suppressed without requiring extra device area compared with the SSA (separated shorted anode) and STA (segmented trenches in the anode) LIGBTs. In the reverse conduction, the ISM is turned on and the parasitic NPN in the ISM is punched through, which provides a current path for the reverse current. Meanwhile, during the turn-off and reverse recovery states, the ISM turns on, providing a rapid electron extraction path. Thus, a superior tradeoff between the on-state voltage drop (Von) and turnoff loss (Eoff) as well as an improved reverse recovery characteristic can be obtained. Compared with the STA device, the proposed ISM RC-LIGBT reduces Eoff by 21.5% without snapback. Its reverse recovery charge is reduced by 53.7%/58.6% compared to that of the SSA LIGBT with Lb=40/60μm at the same Von. Due to the prominent static and dynamic characteristic, the power loss of ISM RC-LIGBT in a completed switching cycle is reduced.

Applying Sustainable Development to Economic Challenges of Small and Medium Enterprises after Implementation of Targeted Subsidies in Iran

Although small and medium enterprises are important in the production and employment, these firms have structural limitation in terms of human and material resources. These limitations are highlighted after implementation of targeted subsidies in Iran, release prices of energy carriers, and simultaneity of political and economic situation. The main challenge in the current path of sustainable development is addressed to all sectors of society such as engineering and production. Manufactured products must consider the impact of three aspects of sustainability over their life cycle. The three aspects of sustainability as an integral part of sustainability issues are economic, environmental, and social factors. Therefore, in this study, for achieve sustainable economic development in Iran, consider only economic aspect. Because, it will greatly benefit from the transfer of advanced production technologies in industry through international agreements such as the clean development mechanism (CDM). However, the highly competitive environment is critical because of more cost-effective projects, which is why Iran needs to strike a balance between sustainable development and profitability for projects. In this study, identifying and ranking of major challenges of leading small and medium industries have been studied. It also uses the failures mode and effect analysis (FMEA) technique and survey experts and managers of small and medium industries in the province recognized and decision model using several branches. VIKOR was ranked as the most important challenge. The results show that exchange rate volatility has been the highest priority, so the first challenge has been identified. Similarly, the political boycott and the rise in the cost of production and cost of product manufacturing enterprises were identified as the next challenges.

The EcoMobileum: Experiencing the World of Environmentally Friendly Urban Mobility

With its sights set on sustainable development, transport policy finds itself confronted with the challenge of convincing people to abandon the current path of growth and instead use small, slower vehicles with a reduced range in the future. The problem with this goal is that people's mental structures are shaped by the car ensconced in their heads. Thinking in other terms hardly seems possible; moreover, many of the products classified as vehicles, but smaller in scale than the "car" and that already exist, remain unknown, nor can they be tried out - they are quite literally nowhere to be seen. In light of this situation, the German Federal Environmental Foundation has commissioned a feasibility study to explore the establishment of a World of Experience (Erlebniswelt) of sustainable urban mobility - the EcoMobileum&reg;. Here, the aim is to open up the horizons of a new culture of mobility in order to get people excited about the transformation of mobility.

The Role of Smart Technologies to Improve the Utilization of Wood Uses in Engineering Applications: A Review

Nowadays, smart technology plays an important role in engineering applications to improve the quality of life. Thus, the development of natural materials and the use of nanotechnology, will give wood new properties to maximize its benefit. It is clear that there is a great challenge to prove the strength and durability of wood acquiring new features to reach innovative use that can influence the current path in many engineering applications. Therefore, this paper summarizes a review of the possibility of using nano- and smart-technologies to make the most of the natural and acquired potential for adding new features and physical properties of wood to improve its efficiency in architectural and mechanical applications. Moreover, experiments have shown that the use of certain types of wood in many applications such as the manufacture of 3D vehicle simulation models to study dynamic behaviors as well as in the manufacture of mechanical measurement systems to improve accuracy. In conclusion, new directions under development in this field are proposed to provide solutions to important issues in the future of measurement and quality control systems that need scientific treatment.--