scholarly journals Allelopathic effects of Cynara cardunculus L. extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (383) ◽  
pp. MISC4-MISC5
Author(s):  
Aurelio Scavo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Globe Artichoke ◽  
Cynara Cardunculus ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Biotic Factor ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

Weeds are recognized as the most important biotic factor affecting yields in agroecosystems. The negative effects derived from the irrational use of herbicides have led to an increasing interest to eco-friendly practices for weed control, including the manipulation of allelopathic mechanisms. The present study aims to explore the potential use of Cynara cardunculus L. leaf extracts for the biological control of weeds and pathogen microorganisms. In a first trial, the allelopathic effects of its leaf aqueous extracts were demonstrated on seed germination of six common weeds. Secondly, the set-up of the most efficient extraction method of its allelochemicals in terms of costs, yields and inhibitory activity was realized, selecting dried leaves as the best plant material and ethanol and ethyl acetate as the best solvents. Moreover, new C. cardunculus allelochemicals (cynaratriol, desacylcynaropicrin, 11,13-dihydro-desacylcynaropicrin and pinoresinol) were purified. Third, the effect of genotype, harvest time and light stress (by plant shading) was evaluated on the phytotoxicity, quantity and composition of sesquiterpene lactones in C. cardunculus leaf extracts through a new UHPLC-MS/MS analysis method. Wild and cultivated cardoon showed the highest concentrations, while spring was the best harvest time. Moreover, light stress stimulated the synthesis of these allelochemicals. In a second trial, the effects resulting from 3-years cultivation, in two different areas, with globe artichoke, cultivated and wild cardoon were studied on the quali/quantitative composition of the weed soil seed bank and on soil eubacterial communities. In both areas, C. cardunculus reduced the weed seed bank size compared to controls. Nevertheless, the presence of cultivated cardoon had a negative influence towards Bacillus subtilis and a positive one on Pseudomonas putida and Azospirillum brasilense. Lastly, cultivated cardoon leaf extracts were assessed in vitro for the control of several microorganisms of agriculture and food interest. All the extracts showed an important antimicrobial activity, especially when using ethanol as extracting solvent.

Influence of genotype, harvest time and plant part on polyphenolic composition of globe artichoke [Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus (L.) Fiori]

2010 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 1175-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Lombardo ◽  
Gaetano Pandino ◽  
Giovanni Mauromicale ◽  
Matthias Knödler ◽  
Reinhold Carle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Part ◽  
Globe Artichoke ◽  
Cynara Cardunculus ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Polyphenolic Composition

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effects of Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera on Lolium rigidum in Wheat Field: Implications on the Reduction of Chemical Loads in Agro-Ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Y. A. Harun ◽  
Joshua Johnson ◽  
M. N. Uddin ◽  
R. W. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Ecological Health ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Herbicide Concentration ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

Weed control through allelopathic plants is a promising approach that may minimize many of negative consequences of synthetic herbicides. We have studied potential of Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera (boneseed) leaf extract for controlling growth of Lolium rigidum (annual ryegrass) in wheat (Triticum aestivum) fields. Both pre-and post-emergent ryegrass-control experiments were conducted in greenhouse using field soil. Treatments such as boneseed leaf extracts (5 and 10% for pre-emergent and 10 and 20% for post-emergent experiments) alone or as a mixture combined with different strength (¼ and ½ strength) of pre-emergent (boxer gold) and post-emergent (hussar OD) herbicides were applied on pre- and post-emergent ryegrass and wheat. The findings revealed that none of the boneseed leaf extracts alone or as mixture had significant inhibitory impact on pre-emergent ryegrass compared with herbicide alone. Although we observed significant inhibitory impacts on post-emergent ryegrass with boneseed leaf extracts alone (10 and 20%) compared with control, they were negligible compared to full strength herbicides. Mixtures had significant inhibitory impact on post-emergent ryegrass compared with herbicide alone with same doses and impact increased with herbicide concentration. Despite the greater impacts by higher herbicides concentration alone, findings suggest the use of mixture of ¼-strength herbicide and 10% boneseed leaf extract was able to control ryegrass successfully than the herbicide alone without adverse impacts on wheat. This study suggests that use of boneseed leaf extract mixed with lower doses of post-emergent herbicides may be effective in controlling ryegrass with concomitant reductions in expenses and ecological health risks linked with the practice of synthetic herbicides.

scholarly journals Response of Productive and Morphovegetative Traits of Globe Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus) to Mass Selection and Estimation of their Heritability

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia Martin ◽  
Vanina Cravero ◽  
David Liberatti ◽  
Andrea Espósito ◽  
Fernando López Anido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Selection ◽  
Globe Artichoke ◽  
Cynara Cardunculus

scholarly journals Phytochemical Profile, Mineral Content, and Bioactive Compounds in Leaves of Seed-Propagated Artichoke Hybrid Cultivars

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 3795
Author(s):  
Gabriele Rocchetti ◽  
Luigi Lucini ◽  
Giandomenico Corrado ◽  
Giuseppe Colla ◽  
Mariateresa Cardarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Globe Artichoke ◽  
Ultra High Pressure ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Phytochemical Profiles ◽  
Work Supports ◽  
Metabolomic Approach

The globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. Scolymus (L.) Hegi) is a multi-year species rich in various classes of phytochemicals with known nutritional and pharmacological properties, such as polyphenols, sesquiterpene lactones, and terpenoids. Over the last decade, hybrids cultivars are transforming the artichoke market for their higher uniformity and stability over the traditional landraces, further increasing the potential of the artichoke as a source of commercial extracts and bioactive molecules. Our aim was to investigate the mineral and phytochemical profiles of leaves from seven seed-propagated hybrids by using an untargeted metabolomic approach based on ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Metabolomics identified several compounds in the tested varieties, namely 98 polyphenols, 123 sesquiterpene lactones, and 221 other metabolites. The phenolic content ranged from 3.01 mg Eq./g fw (for ‘Opera’) to 4.71 mg Eq./g fw (for ‘Opal’). Sesquiterpene lactones were, on average, 2.11 mg Eq./g fw. Multivariate statistics (HCA, PCA and OPLS-DA) highlighted the main metabolomics differences among cultivars, which weakly correlated with their agronomic classification. The seven cultivars showed distinctive metabolomics profiles, with ‘Opal’ and ‘Istar’ being the most valuable hybrids. The 3-hydroxyphenyl-valeric acid (a medium-chain fatty acid) and the 6-Gingesulfonic acid (a methoxyphenol) were the most discriminant markers. Our findings illustrated the quantitative and qualitative variation of several classes of phytochemicals in seed-propagated artichoke cultivars and allowed identifying distinctive metabolic signatures for both phenolic compounds and sesquiterpene lactones. This work supports the exploitation of the artichoke leaves from hybrid cultivars as a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals.

Development and characterization of microsatellite markers in Cynara cardunculus L.

Genome ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Acquadro ◽  
Ezio Portis ◽  
David Lee ◽  
Paolo Donini ◽  
Sergio Lanteri
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
The United States ◽  
Enriched Library ◽  
Globe Artichoke ◽  
Cynara Cardunculus ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Wild Cardoon

Cynara cardunculus L. is a species native to the Mediterranean basin that comprises 2 crops, globe artichoke (var. scolymus L.) and cultivated cardoon (var. altilis DC), as well as wild cardoon (var. sylvestris (Lamk) Fiori). Globe artichoke represents an important component of the South European agricultural economy but is also cultivated in North Africa, the Near East, South America, the United States, and China. Breeding activities and molecular marker studies have been, to date, extremely limited. Better knowledge of the genome of the species might be gained by developing a range of molecular markers. Here, we report on the development of 14 microsatellites (simple sequence repeats (SSRs)) through a novel approach that we have defined as the microsatellite amplified library (MAL). The approach represents a combination of amplified fragment length polymorphism and a primer extension based enriched library, is rapid, and requires no hybridization enrichment steps. The technique provided a ~40-fold increase in the efficiency of SSR identification compared with conventional library procedures. The developed SSRs were applied for genotyping 36 accessions of C. cardunculus, including a core of 27 varietal types of globe artichoke, 3 accessions of cultivated cardoon, and 6 Sicilian accessions of wild cardoon. Principal coordinates analysis made it possible to differentiate both cultivated and wild forms from each other.Key words: globe artichoke, wild and cultivated cardoon, molecular markers, AFLP, MAL (microsatellite amplified library).

scholarly journals Seeming field allelopathic activity of Cynara cardunculus L. reduces the soil weed seed bank

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelio Scavo ◽  
Alessia Restuccia ◽  
Cristina Abbate ◽  
Giovanni Mauromicale
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Cynara Cardunculus ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Allelopathic Activity
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