scholarly journals Gender differences in the structure of the cerebrospinal fluid system of pre-school children

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
S. E. Baibakov ◽  
N. S. Bakhareva ◽  
E. K. Gordeeva ◽  
M. V. Yuzhakov ◽  
D. A. Khromov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
School Children ◽  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Posterior Horn ◽  
Anterior Horn ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Brain

Relevance Investigation of the cerebrospinal fluid system of children of different ages, especially pre-school and school periods of childhood, becomes essential, since the further development of the brain and its proper functioning depends on the way it functions. Considering the MRI indications of the elements of the cerebrospinal fluid system of children is important for the development of neurology and neurosurgery, it is necessary to consider gender differences in the brain size and structure.Objective To study the sex differences in the structure of the cerebrospinal fluid system in seven-year-old children.Material and Methods For the study, archival data on the sizes of the lateral ventricles of the brain of 120 children aged 7 (60 boys and 60 girls) were involved, in particular: 1) the length of the anterior horn; 2) the width of the anterior horn; 3) the length of the central part; 4) the width of the central part; 5) the length of the posterior horn; 6) the width of the posterior horn; 7) the length of the lower horn; 8) the anteroposterior size; 9) the distance between the anterior horns; 10) the distance between the posterior horns; 11) the length of the third ventricle; 12) the height of the third ventricle; 13) the length of the aqueduct; 14) the length of the fourth ventricle; 15) the height of the fourth ventricle. The studies were carried out using the method of magnetic resonance imaging. Quantitative indicators were assessed for compliance with the normal distribution using the KolmogorovSmirnov test. The accumulation, correction, systematization of the initial information were carried out in Microsoft Excel 2016. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 software (StatSoft Inc., USA). The results were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.Results The data obtained in the study of the cerebrospinal fluid system in children during their pre-school period of childhood are indicators of the norm and can be used for diagnostic studies in the departments of radiation diagnostics. The bilateral asymmetry of the lateral ventricles of the brain in pre-school children, discovered during the work, is of crucial clinical significance. The morphometric indicators of the elements of the cerebrospinal fluid system should be considered by specialists in the study of brain neuroplasticity.Conclusion Analysis of the obtained in vivo encephalometric data indicates the presence of sexual variability of the brain and parameters of the structures of the cerebrospinal fluid.

scholarly journals III. Contributions to the anatomy of the central nervous system in vertebrated animals. Part I.—Ichthyopsida. Section I.—Pisces. Subsection III.—Dipnoi. On the brain of the Ceratodus forsteri

1888 ◽  
Vol 43 (258-265) ◽  
pp. 420-423
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Pia Mater ◽  
The Third ◽  
Lateral Ventricles ◽  
Large Size ◽  
General Arrangement ◽  
Tela Choroidea ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

The brain of Ceratodus has the following general arrangement:—The membrane which represents the pia mater is of great thickness and toughness; there are two regions where a tela choroidea is developed: one where it covers in the fourth ventricle, and the other where it penetrates through the third ventricle and separates the lateral ventricles from each other. The ventricles are all of large size, and the walls of the lateral ventricles are not completed by nervous tissue. The thalamence-phalon and the mesencephalon are narrow, and the medulla oblongata is wide.

Organization of the Vascular Supply to the Brain of the Toad Bufo-Marinus

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
GK Snyder ◽  
B Gannon ◽  
RV Baudinette
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Bufo Marinus ◽  
Cane Toad ◽  
The Third ◽  
Toad Bufo ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Caudal Rami ◽  
Vascular Corrosion Casts

The vasculature of the brain of the cane toad, Bufo marinus, was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts. The sole arterial supply to the brain is from branches of the internal carotids. The forebrain is supplied by several branches from the rostra1 ramus of the carotids; the caudal ramus gives rise to a single branch which supplies the mesencephalon and cerebellum. The caudal rami fuse to form a single basilar artery which supplies the medulla. The vascular supply to the choroid plexus of the third ventricle is arterial; the vascular supply to the choroid of the fourth ventricle is entirely venous. Microvascular geometry in the toad brain is specific to the region of the brain examined, ranging from simple long capillaries with few anastomotic connections to much shorter, highly convoluted capillaries with many anastomotic connections.

Hypothalamic Hamartoma in a Dog

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Hypothalamic Hamartoma ◽  
Tuber Cinereum ◽  
Mammillary Bodies ◽  
Spongiform Change ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Rostral Part

A 10-month-old female, Wire-haired Pointing Griffon dog had a hamartoma of the hypothalamus. Episodes of sudden flaccid collapse had increased in frequency and duration for 7 months. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure was normal. A flat, pedunculated mass, 2.5×3.0×0.9 cm, covered the brain stem between the pituitary gland and pons. Its 1.2-cm-diameter connection to the hypothalamus obliterated the mammillary bodies and extended to the tuber cinereum, distorting the hypothalamus and displacing the third ventricle which also divided the rostral part of the mass. The tissue of the hamartoma resembled gray matter with bullous cytoplasmic vacuolation of many neurons, spongiform change, gemistocytosis and microscopic foci of calcification.

Migrating Lateral Ventricle Choroid Plexus Cyst into the Fourth Ventricle Causing Acute Hydrocephalus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lacey M. Carter ◽  
Benjamin Cornwell ◽  
Naina L. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Lateral Ventricle ◽  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Cerebral Aqueduct ◽  
Outflow Obstruction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Choroid Plexus Cyst

AbstractChoroid plexus cysts consist of abnormal folds of the choroid plexus that typically resolve prior to birth. Rarely, these cysts persist and may cause outflow obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid. We present a 5-month-old male born term who presented with lethargy, vomiting, and a bulging anterior fontanelle. Magnetic resonance imaging showed one large choroid plexus cyst had migrated from the right lateral ventricle through the third ventricle and cerebral aqueduct into the fourth ventricle causing outflow obstruction. The cyst was attached to the lateral ventricle choroid plexus by a pedicle. The cyst was endoscopically retrieved from the fourth ventricle intact and then fenestrated and coagulated along with several other smaller cysts. Histologic examination confirmed the mass was a choroid plexus cyst. The patient did well after surgery and did not require any cerebrospinal fluid diversion. Nine months after surgery, the patient continued to thrive with no neurological deficits. This case is the first we have found in the literature of a lateral ventricular choroid plexus cyst migrating into the fourth ventricle and the youngest of any migrating choroid plexus cyst. Only three other cases of a migrating choroid plexus cyst have been documented and those only migrated into the third ventricle. New imaging advances are making these cysts easier to identify, but may still be missed on routine sequences. High clinical suspicion for these cysts is necessary for correct treatment of this possible cause of hydrocephalus.

Endoscopic Treatment of a Fourth Ventricle Arachnoid Cyst via the Third Ventricle: A Case Report

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. E374-E378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Martinoni ◽  
Francesco Toni ◽  
Mariella Lefosse ◽  
Eugenio Pozzati ◽  
Anna Federica Marliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Arachnoid Cyst ◽  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Arachnoid Cysts ◽  
Complete Excision ◽  
The Third ◽  
Neurosurgical Treatment ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamic

Abstract BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: Arachnoid cysts within the fourth ventricle have rarely been reported in the literature. Different procedures have been performed to restore a normal cerebrospinal fluid dynamic or pressure, including shunting and partial or complete excision of the cyst by open microsurgery. Cerebrospinal fluid shunts give only partial improvement of symptoms and are prone to malfunctions. The microsurgical excision of the cyst seems to offer the best chance of success. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: We report the case of a fourth ventricle arachnoid cyst successfully treated with a complete endoscopic cerebral procedure via the third ventricle. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic fenestration of fourth ventricle arachnoid cysts may be considered an effective neurosurgical treatment.

scholarly journals Surgical approaches to the third ventricle of the brain in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Sergey K. Gorelyshev ◽  
Olga A. Medvedeva
Keyword(s):  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Pineal Region ◽  
Anterior Horn ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Transcallosal Approach ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Lateral Ventricles ◽  
The Brain

AIM: This study aimed to describe and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various surgical approaches to neoplasms of the third ventricle of the brain in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study analyzed surgical interventions to the third ventricle in 657 patients, performed at the Academician N.N. Burdenko of the Research Institute of Neurosurgery from 1998 to 2018. These included 375 patients with intra-extraventricular craniopharyngiomas and 282 patients with gliomas of the third ventricle and chiasm. The patients age ranged from 3 mon to 18 years old. RESULTS: The anterior transcallosal approach provides access to the anterior horn and bodies of the lateral ventricles, as well as the third ventricle. The transfornical approach provides more opportunities for access to both the anterior and posterior parts of the third ventricle; however, it has a high risk of trauma to the fornix. The subchoroidal approach provides a very good view of the posterior parts of the third ventricle, especially of the pineal region; however, it has even greater restrictions on viewing its anterior parts. When compared with the transcallosal approach, the transfrontal approach can be used more safely in the absence of hydrocephalus (if the tumor is located in the anterior horn). No specific complications were inherent in a particular approach (seizures were registered in 1%, transient hemiparesis was noted in 10%, and transient memory impairments were revealed in 5% of cases). CONCLUSION: The use of a transcallosal approach is safe even in infants. The transcortical approach is recommended mainly for large tumors of the lateral ventricles, and the transcallosal approach should be used for small tumors of the third ventricle. No specific complications were inherent in a particular approach, and the choice was determined by the assessment of the exact location of the tumor and calculation of the most relevant trajectory for its achievement as well as the aim (biopsy or radical removal). Analysis of magnetic resonance imaging and neuronavigation are significant in the selection of surgical approaches.

Computational Modeling of the Mechanical Behavior of the Cerebrospinal Fluid System

2004 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vartan Kurtcuoglu ◽  
Dimos Poulikakos ◽  
Yiannis Ventikos
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Phase Shift ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Pressure Amplitude ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
Aqueduct Stenosis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Lateral Ventricles ◽  
Sinusoidal Motion ◽  
Pressure Propagation

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the cerebrospinal fluid system was constructed based on a simplified geometry of the brain ventricles and their connecting pathways. The flow is driven by a prescribed sinusoidal motion of the third ventricle lateral walls, with all other boundaries being rigid. The pressure propagation between the third and lateral ventricles was examined and compared to data obtained from a similar geometry with a stenosed aqueduct. It could be shown that the pressure amplitude in the lateral ventricles increases in the presence of aqueduct stenosis. No difference in phase shift between the motion of the third ventricle walls and the pressure in the lateral ventricles because of the aqueduct stenosis could be observed. It is deduced that CFD can be used to analyze the pressure propagation and its phase shift relative to the ventricle wall motion. It is further deduced that only models that take into account the coupling between ventricles, which feature a representation of the original geometry that is as accurate as possible and which represent the ventricle boundary motion realistically, should be used to make quantitative statements on flow and pressure in the ventricular space.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE CONCENTRATION OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM IN THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID ON THE SECRETION OF STEROIDS, INCLUDING ALDOSTERONE, FROM THE ADRENAL CORTEX

1961 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Norman
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Fluid Mixtures ◽  
The Third ◽  
Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

ABSTRACT Two artificial cerebrospinal fluid mixtures, one having a higher than normal sodium, but lower than normal potassium content, the other having a lower than normal sodium, but higher than normal potassium content, were perfused alternately through the cerebral ventricular system of seven dogs, from the right lateral ventricle and down through the third ventricle, aqueduct and fourth ventricle. During this procedure blood was collected through the adrenal vein and the concentration of cortisol (11β, 17,12-trihydroxy-pregn-4-eme-3,20-dione), cortisone (17,21-dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,11.20-trione), corticosterone (11β,21-dihydroxy-pregn-4-ene3,20-dione). compound S (11-dihydroxy-3,20-dioxo-pregn-4-en-18-al) and aldosterone (11β.21-dihydroxy-3,20-dioxo-pregn-4-en-18-al) determined. A gradual and marked increase in the secretion of all the cortical compounds was observed during the procedure. This pattern was not altered by changing from one of the artificial cerebrospinal fluid mixtures to the other.

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