scholarly journals A City Divided: “Fragmented” Urban and Literary Space in 20th-Century Buenos Aires

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianela D'Aprile ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Popular Fiction ◽  
Urban Experience ◽  
Housing Projects ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
The Many ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City

When analyzing the state of Latin American cities, particularly large ones like Buenos Aires, São Paolo and Riode Janeiro, scholars of urbanism and sociology often lean heavily on the term “fragmentation.” Through the 1980s and 1990s, the term was quickly and widely adopted to describe the widespread state of abutment between seemingly disparate urban conditions that purportedly prevented Latin American cities from developing into cohesive wholes and instead produced cities in pieces, fragments. This term, “fragmentation,” along with the idea of a city composed of mismatching parts, was central to the conception of Buenos Aires by its citizens and immortalized by the fiction of Esteban Echeverría, Julio Cortázar and César Aira. The idea that Buenos Aires is composed of discrete parts has been used throughout its history to either proactively enable or retroactively justify planning decisions by governments on both ends of the political spectrum. The 1950s and 60s saw a series of governments whose priorities lay in controlling the many newcomers to the city via large housing projects. Aided by the perception of the city as fragmented, they were able to build monster-scale developments in the parts of the city that were seen as “apart.” Later, as neoliberal democracy replaced socialist and populist leadership, commercial centers in the center of the city were built as shrines to an idealized Parisian downtown, separate from the rest of the city. The observations by scholars of the city that Buenos Aires is composed of multiple discrete parts, whether they be physical, economic or social, is accurate. However, the issue here lies not in the accuracy of the assessment but in the word chosen to describe it. The word fragmentation implies that there was a “whole” at once point, a complete entity that could be then broken into pieces, fragments. Its current usage also implies that this is a natural process, out of the hands of both planners and inhabitants. Leaning on the work of Adrián Gorelik, Pedro Pírez and Marie-France Prévôt-Schapira, and utilizing popular fiction to supplement an understanding of the urban experience, I argue that fragmentation, more than a naturally occurring phenomenon, is a fabricated concept that has been used throughout the twentieth century and through today to make all kinds of urban planning projects possible.

Slum Neighborhoods in Latin America

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd H. Rogler
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Vacant Lots ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City

In the life of Latin American cities the rapid expansion of slum neighborhoods has emerged as a compelling problem. The inability of city authorities to provide adequate and inexpensive housing for rural-to-urban migrants, as well as for those economically poor persons born and raised in the city, has clashed with the tremendous growth of the population and its drive toward urbanization. The impoverished families must settle wherever they can. Scattered throughout Mexico City, for instance, on vacant lots adjoining factories or on the periphery of the metropolitan area are shack homes built of miscellaneous materials, known as jacales, or the rows of single-story concrete, brick, or adobe dwellings called vecindades. Beyond Mexico City, there are the villas miserias of Buenos Aires, the favelas on the rocky promontories of Rio de Janeiro, the barrios clandestinos of Bogotá, the barriadasmarginales of Lima, the ranchos of Caracas, and the callampas (mushrooms) of Santiago.

scholarly journals Ciudades latinoamericanas o la dialéctica entre la utopía entusiasta y la urbanización retobada

2017 ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Marcela Croce
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Colonial Mexico ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
History Of ◽  
America Latina ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City ◽  
Geographical Characteristics

ResumenEl propósito de este artículo es retomar el pensamiento sobre la ciudad como sede espacial, disparador de ideas, iniciativa política y social y manifestación cultural, enfatizando aquellas producciones discursivas típicas del fenómeno urbano como la crónica de la metrópolis, el rastreo antropológico que define los estratos culturales que coexisten en la sede urbana y el relato policial que restituye el entramado de vínculos que operan en el perímetro ciudadano. A esta última formulación se añaden las actividades delictivas que aprovechan un conjunto de disposiciones y servicios urbanos como infraestructura, tal como destacó Saskia Sassen.Con ese objetivo se propone un recorrido por un corpus de textos que se detienen en diversos núcleos urbanos y no se restringen a estudiar sus características geográficas y edilicias sino que las inscriben en el conjunto de cada nación, en la historia de los países que integran América Latina (remarcando la tensión entre ciudad y nación que atraviesa la historia occidental) y asimismo en una serie continental que establece una jerar- quía de ciudades. Las antiguas capitales virreinales que son México y Lima aparecen confrontadas a la capital del virreinato menor que es Buenos Aires, y a la sede imperial de Río de Janeiro en este recorrido.Palabras clave: Ciudades latinoamericanas - Historia urbana - Crónica ciudadana - Géneros urbanos - Utopía latinoamericanaAbstractThis article considers the thinking about cities as space headquarters, an idea nest, a political and social initiative and a cultural manifestation, empha- sizing those discursive productions typical of the urban phenomenon, as the chronicle of the metropolis, the anthropological search that define the cultural strata coexisting in urban headquarters and the police story that restores the linking network that operate in the city perimeters. This latter statement is followed by criminal activities that exploit a set of provisions and urban services such as infrastructure, as Saskia Sassen pointed out.With this objective, we propose a tour through a text corpus that deepen in several urban centers and are not restricted to study their geographical characteristics and buildings, but inscribe them in the set of each nation, in the history of the countries that integrate Latin America (highlighting the tension between city and nation now experienced by Western history) and also in a continental series establishing a hierarchy of cities. The old viceregal capitals, i.e. Mexico and Lima face the minor viceroyalty capital –Buenos Aires– and the imperial headquarters of Rio de Janeiro in this route.Keywords: Latin American cities - Urban history - Citizen chronicle - Urban genres - Latin American utopiaResumo:O objetivo deste artigo é voltar a pensar a cidade como uma sede espa- cial, desencadeador de ideias, iniciativa política e social e manifestações culturais, enfatizando aquelas produções discursivas típicas do fenômeno urbano, como a crônica da metrópole, o reconhecimento antropológico que define os estratos culturais que coexistem na sede urbana e no relato policial que restitui o tramado de ligações que operam no perímetro da cidade. Nesta última formulação integram-se as atividades criminosas que se aproveitam de um conjunto de disposições e serviços urbanos como a infraestrutura, assim como destacou Saskia Sassen.Com este objetivo é proposto percorrer por um corpus de textos que vão parar em diversos núcleos urbanos e não só estarão restritos a estudar suas características geográficas e de construção, mas bem estas se inscrevem no conjunto de cada nação, na história dos países que integram América Latina (destacando a tensão entre a cidade e nação através da história ocidental) e também numa série continental que estabelece uma hierar- quia de cidades. As antigas capitais do vice-reinado colonial: México e Lima são confrontados a capital do vice-reino menor que é Buenos Aires, e a sede imperial do Rio de Janeiro nesta turnê.Palavras-chave: Cidades latino-americanas - História Urbana - Crônica cidadã - Gêneros urbanos - Utopia latino-americana.

Latin American Cities: Aspects of Function and Structure

1962 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Morse
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
New World ◽  
American City ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City

This essay will advance two interrelated hypotheses about the Latin American city. The first of them has to do with the role of the city in the settlement of the New World. The second suggests certain characteristics of the modern Latin American metropolis.

scholarly journals The Scope of Earth-Observation to Improve the Consistency of the SDG Slum Indicator

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Kuffer ◽  
Jiong Wang ◽  
Michael Nagenborg ◽  
Karin Pfeffer ◽  
Divyani Kohli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Data Provision ◽  
And Performance ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City

The continuous increase in deprived living conditions in many cities of the Global South contradicts efforts to make cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable places. Using examples of Asian, African, and Latin American cities, this study shows the scope and limits of earth observation (EO)-based mapping of deprived living conditions in support of providing consistent global information for the SDG indicator 11.1.1 “proportion of urban population living in slums, informal settlements or inadequate housing”. At the technical level, we compare several EO-based methods and imagery for mapping deprived living conditions, discussing their ability to map such areas including differences in terms of accuracy and performance at the city scale. At the operational level, we compare available municipal maps showing identified deprived areas with the spatial extent of morphological mapped areas of deprived living conditions (using EO) at the city scale, discussing the reasons for inconsistencies between municipal and EO-based maps. We provide an outlook on how EO-based mapping of deprived living conditions could contribute to a global spatial information base to support targeting of deprived living conditions in support of the SDG Goal 11.1.1 indicator, when uncertainties and ethical considerations on data provision are well addressed.

scholarly journals Dinámica de una metrópoli periférica en Brasil / Dynamics of a Peripheral Metropolis in Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inaiá María Moreira de Calvalho ◽  
Gilberto Corso Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Spatial Segregation ◽  
Single Model ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Past ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Historical Moment ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City ◽  
Political Decisions

En este artículo se analiza la evolución reciente de la segregación socioespacial y la de la conformación urbana en la ciudad de Salvador, a la luz del debate sobre las transformaciones de las metrópolis dentro del capital globalizado. Si bien se reconoce que todas las grandes ciudades terminan siendo alcanzadas por la globalización, en el texto se resalta, sin embargo, que los efectos de ese proceso no son uniformes ni convergen en un modelo único de ciudad. Es necesario considerar la conformación histórica de cada una de ellas, sus instituciones, actores y decisiones políticas locales dentro de una dinámica definida por la continuidad/transformación, donde lo que ya existía condiciona la irrupción de lo nuevo, que en muchos casos ya había comenzado a delinearse en el pasado. Mediante la demostración de la conformación de una metrópoli extremadamente desigual y segregada y la medida en que las transformaciones han agravado tales alteraciones al paso de los últimos años, esta revisión del caso de Salvador se propone exponer algunas reflexiones para entender mejor los efectos del proceso de globalización sobre las grandes ciudades de América Latina. AbstractThis article analyzes the recent evolution of the socio-spatial segregation and urban configuration of the city of Salvador, in light of the debate on the transformations of metropolises within globalized capital. Although it is a well-known fact that large cities end up being absorbed by globalization, the text stresses the fact that the effects of this process are not uniform nor do they converge in a single model of a city. It is essential to  consider the historical moment of each of them, their institutions, actors and local political decisions within a dynamic defined by continuity/transformation, in which what already existed conditions the emergence of what is new, which in many cases, had already begun to be shaped in the past. Through the demonstration of the configuration of an extremely unequal, segregated metropolis, and the extent to which the transformations have aggravated these alterations over the years, this review of the case of Salvador proposes offering some reflections to provide a better understanding of the effects of globalization on major Latin American cities.

scholarly journals Institutional Religion and Religious Experience

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 791
Author(s):  
Lidia Rodríguez ◽  
Juan Luis de León ◽  
Luzio Uriarte ◽  
Iziar Basterretxea
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Religious Experience ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
God Image ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Experience Of God ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City ◽  
Depth Interviews

A number of empirical studies have shown the continuous lack of adherence and the growing autonomy of the population regarding religious institutions. This article reflects on the kind of relationship between deinstitutionalisation and religious experience based on the following hypothesis: the evident decline in religious institutions does not necessarily lead to the disappearance or the weakening of religious experience; rather, it runs simultaneously with a process of individualisation. Our aim is to provide empirical evidence of such transformations; therefore, we do not get involved in speculations, but take into account the contributions of scholars concerning three key terms integrated in the conceptual framework of “religious experience’’: “experience of God”, “God image”, and “institutional belonging”. We analysed 39 in-depth interviews with a qualitative approach; interviews were conducted during the years 2016–2018 amongst Evangelical and Catholic populations in three Latin American cities (Córdoba, Montevideo, and Lima) and in the city of Bilbao (Spain). These interviews clearly indicate a growing autonomy from the religious institution, while evidencing a rich range of experiences of God and a great diversity of God representations. In both cases, they point to processes of individualisation of believers who elaborate their own religious experience in a personal and complex way.

scholarly journals La forma de lo informal : lectura sin escala de los barrios informales de Quito desde la teoría de la forma colectiva de Maki = The form of the informal: Non-stop reading of informal neighborhoods in Quito from the theory of Maki

2019 ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Marlown Cuenca Gonzaga
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City

ResumenLa informalidad es parte del paisaje urbano en la ciudad de Quito, ha crecido deprisa y heterogéneamente, desbordada por condicionantes físicas y condicionantes económico-sociales propias de la evolución de las ciudades modernas latinoamericanas, cuya economía depende directamente de la extracción de recursos naturales, esto ha creado dos ciudades con características diferenciadas: la ciudad formal y la ciudad informal. Este estudio trata de entender estos dos modelos a través de una herramienta que analice las relaciones de los componentes urbanos insertados en la globalidad de la complejidad urbana. Desde la hipótesis se comprueba que los barrios de invasión y autoconstrucción generan mecanismos y procesos urbanos evolutivos, que guardan mejores relaciones escalares y relaciones internas de conectividad más dinámicas e intensas que los sistemas planificados convencionales para la vivienda social.AbstractInformality is part of the urban landscape in the city of Quito, it has grown rapidly and heterogeneously, overwhelmed by physical conditions and socio-economic conditions of the evolution of modern Latin American cities, whose economy depends directly on the extraction of natural resources. has created two cities with different characteristics: the formal city and the informal city. This study tries to understand these two models through a tool that analyzes the relationships of the urban components inserted in the globality of urban complexity. From the hypothesis it is verified that the neighborhoods of invasion and self-construction generate evolutionary urban mechanisms and processes, which have better scalar relationships and internal connectivity relationships that are more dynamic and intense than the conventional planned systems for social housing.

scholarly journals Latin American Cities: From Subservient Reproductions to Intercontinental Dialogues

Humanities ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clovis Ultramari ◽  
Fernanda Cantarim ◽  
Manoela Jazar
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
The Past ◽  
Academic Exchange ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City

This paper investigates the circulation of ideas regarding the city among selected countries in Latin America. It discusses convergences between academic and scientific institutions and investigative weakness in partnerships between Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico. It identifies two historical moments: one of vertical dialogues between Latin America and central countries in the elaboration of urban plans (20th century) and another of contemporary academic exchange signalling a horizontal dialogue that is fragile and sporadic but distinct from those observed in the past. Empirical reference is obtained from the analysis of scientific events and papers published by distinguished post-graduate programs concerning urban topics in selected countries, during the time frame of 2000–2015. The methodological approach is based on a bibliographic review and content analysis. Results indicate that the old “one-way” of transfer of urban planning ideas from central countries to Latin America is changing; slowly, the continent has been growing more independent in terms of knowledge creation and circulation.

scholarly journals Urban Phenomena in São Paulo’s Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: Appropriating Local Spatio-Temporalities

Tempo Social ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-69
Author(s):  
Sebastian Dorsch
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City

The article seeks to investigate urban phenomena in São Paulo’s 19th and 20th centuries by utilizing Henri Lefebvre’s concept of appropriation. Thus I focus on the relations between urban space(s) and its inhabitants, and the analysis of the city – usually perceived as space – becomes a spatio-temporal and relational analysis regarding dynamic practices, conflicts, etc. understood as urban phenomena. How did the inhabitants appropriate São Paulo? May we state special forms by comparing it to other Latin American cities of former times? How did the migrants arriving at the end of 19th century change old forms of living in the city? I conclude with remarks and critics on the potential of using the concept of appropriation in urban studies.

Atmospheric pollution and mortality. A comparative study between two Latin American cities: Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Santiago (Chile)

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana Abrutzky ◽  
Sergio Ibarra ◽  
Patricia Matus ◽  
Patricia Romero Lankao ◽  
Victoria Pereyra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
American Cities
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