scholarly journals The modern pollen–vegetation relationship in Jammu, India: a comparative appraisal

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Md. Firoze Quamar ◽  
Pooja Tiwari ◽  
Biswajeet Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Pollination Syndrome ◽  
Fossil Pollen ◽  
Pollen Assemblage ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Modern Pollen ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
High Production ◽  
Pollen Records

An understanding of the relationship between modern pollen and vegetation is a prerequisite for reconstruction of vegetation and climate change from fossil pollen records. We conducted palynological studies of thirty-five surface soil samples from the Jammu region of India, which revealed that Pinus, among the conifers (regional needle-leaved taxa), is over-represented in the pollen assemblage due to its high production and effective dispersal of pollen. Other coniferous and broadleaved (regional and/or extra-regional) taxa have comparatively lower values in the pollen assemblages, similar to the representation of subtropical deciduous forest elements (regional), as well as shrubby (regional and/or extra-regional) taxa. This inconsistency in the pollen assemblage could be due to long-distance transport of the former by wind and/or water from the higher reaches of the Himalayas, and also because the latter have an entomogamous pollination syndrome and are not high pollen producers. The recovered pollen assemblage presents a distorted picture of the extant vegetation; hence, caution should be exercised in interpreting fossil pollen records from the study area. Principal component analysis (PCA) shows variability in the distribution of pollen from different sites in the Jammu region, perhaps the result of transport (by wind and/ or water), altitude and/or edaphic factors of the Himalayan terrain. The study should improve our understanding of the modern pollen-vegetation relationship and aid further calibration and interpretation of fossil pollen records.

Deriving Response Matrices from Central American Modern Pollen Rain

2000 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark B. Bush
Keyword(s):  
Central American ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Fossil Pollen ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Modern Pollen ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Pollen Rain ◽  
Pollen Records

Modern pollen samples collected from 80 locations and representing a wide array of mature habitats in Panama and Costa Rica provide analogs to assist in the interpretation of fossil pollen records. Pollen spectra accurately reflect changes in actual forest types. Upslope transport of pollen of anemophilous species is evident in the sparsely vegetated montane samples. However, the corresponding downslope transport of these prolific pollen producers is masked by local pollen production. Mean pollen representation across gradients of mean annual temperature (MAT; 4°C increments) and mean annual precipitation (MAP; 500 mm increments) for 17 pollen types are presented as response matrices. Although preliminary in nature, these response matrices present a clearer image of pollen representation than can be obtained by considering gradients of MAT or MAP alone.

Modern and Holocene Pollen Assemblages from Some Small Arctic Lakes on Somerset Island, NWT, Canada

1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Gajewski
Keyword(s):  
Initial Period ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Arctic Lakes ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Pollen ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Pollen Concentrations ◽  
Somerset Island

AbstractModern pollen samples from 15 lakes along a north-south transect on western Somerset Island, NWT, Canada, show a decrease in pollen concentrations from the high arctic to the mid-arctic zone, but there are few differences in the pollen percentages between these sites. Long-distance transport accounts for up to 50% of the pollen in these lake sediments. Cores from two lakes show few changes in the percentages of important pollen types, except for an initial period, before 6000 yr B.P., of increased Salix. The pollen concentration of lake RS36 from the mid-arctic is twice that of lake RS29 from the high arctic, and at both sites the concentrations decreased during the past 6000 yr B.P. This suggests a climatic deterioration during the past 6000 yr which has caused a decrease in the abundance of plants on the landscape.

scholarly journals The Effect of Environmental Conditions on Pollution Deposition and Canopy Leaching in Two Pine Stands (West Pomerania and Świętokrzyskie Mountains, Poland)

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 535
Author(s):  
Rafał Kozłowski ◽  
Robert Kruszyk ◽  
Stanisław Małek
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Enrichment Ratio ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Local Pollution ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Canopy Leaching ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Distance Transport

This study analyzed the effect of atmospheric deposition on canopy leaching processes in stands predominantly composed of Scots pines. The research was conducted in two stands: the first located in the southwestern part of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains in the area known as Białe Zagłębie (Malik), and the second in the northwestern part of Poland in Western Pomerania (Czarne). The study was conducted in the hydrological years 2010–2013. The goal of the study was to assess the chemical transformation of precipitation as a result of various human activities. In Malik, the main factor that determined the physicochemical and chemical properties of throughfall was the cement/lime dust emitted by nearby industrial plants, which not only affected the quantity of deposit but also contributed to the alkalization process of throughfall. By contrast, the main source of pollution in Czarne, where local emitters are absent, was long-distance transport. We conducted a principal component analysis (PCA) in both stands that produced components representing local pollution (Malik) and long-distance transport (Czarne). For the stand in Czarne, sea aerosols were an important source of Na+ and Cl− ions in precipitation. In both stands, the highest enrichment ratio (ER) values were recorded for K+ ions. The contribution of leaching processes to the bulk deposition of K+ ions in Malik was 85.8%, whereas in Czarne, it was 73.8%. Regardless of the degree of anthropopressure, the intensity of quantitative and qualitative transformation in pine stands was comparable.

Modern pollen assemblages from Reasi (Jammu and Kashmir), India: a tool for interpreting fossil pollen records

Grana ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 364-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Firoze Quamar ◽  
Sheikh Nawaz Ali ◽  
Sundeep Kumar Pandita ◽  
Yudhbir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Pollen ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Modern Pollen ◽  
Pollen Records ◽  
Modern Pollen Assemblages

Characterisation of Bolivian savanna ecosystems by their modern pollen rain and implications for fossil pollen records

2011 ◽  
Vol 164 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 223-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huw T. Jones ◽  
Francis E. Mayle ◽  
R. Toby Pennington ◽  
Timothy J. Killeen
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Pollen ◽  
Modern Pollen ◽  
Pollen Rain ◽  
Pollen Records

Modern pollen–climate relationships and their application for pollen-based quantitative climate reconstruction of the mid-Holocene on the southern Korean Peninsula

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362110604
Author(s):  
Jaeyoung Lee ◽  
Chang-Pyo Jun ◽  
Sangheon Yi ◽  
Yongmi Kim ◽  
Eunmi Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Variation Partitioning ◽  
Weighted Averaging ◽  
Fossil Pollen ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Modern Pollen ◽  
Arboreal Pollen ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pollen Records

A modern pollen dataset is a prerequisite for reconstructing quantitative paleoclimate and paleovegetation cover using fossil pollen records. Although multiple modern pollen–climate datasets have been established covering a wide range of climate conditions, such datasets are exceedingly rare for the Korean Peninsula (KP). In this study, we acquired a modern pollen dataset from 198 surface soil samples collected on 37 mountains on the southern KP. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and variation partitioning results identified mean annual temperature (Tann) as the most important climate variable shaping pollen assemblages on the southern KP. Using the pollen–climate relationships inferred from the RDA, we applied the Huisman–Olff–Fresco model and determined that arboreal pollen taxa responded sensitively to the climatic gradient, whereas non-arboreal pollen taxa did not. We applied weighted averaging–partial least squares (WA-PLS) and the modern analog technique (MAT) to the pollen dataset, and a comparison of the results showed that MAT performed better than WA-PLS. A transfer function was applied to fossil pollen records from the areas covered by our dataset; the results confirmed that annual precipitation (Pann) and Tann were modulated by different mechanisms, with Pann strongly affected by El Niño–Southern Oscillation-driven typhoons during the Holocene, whereas Tann was mainly influenced by the Tsushima Warm Current from 7500 to 5100 cal yr BP depending on Kuroshio Current inflow intensity, and subsequently followed by the East Asian winter monsoon during 5100–3400 cal yr BP.

Identification of Maize Pollen: Reply to Eubanks

1997 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam L. Fearn ◽  
Kam-Biu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Fossil Pollen ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Maize Pollen ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Distance Transport

Eubanks bases her identification of the fossil pollen grain from Alabama as Tripsacum primarily on her calculated spinule density. To make those calculations, she used only our published photograph, and she assumed a grain expansion of 35 percent. She ignores the fact that the spinule density of the fossil pollen grain is actually the same as that of similarly treated Zea mays pollen. While there is always the possibility of a misidentification or of long-distance transport, the most likely interpretation remains that the 3500 B.P. pollen grain is Zea mays and that it represents limited cultivation of ancient corn in southern Alabama.

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