Modern and Holocene Pollen Assemblages from Some Small Arctic Lakes on Somerset Island, NWT, Canada

1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Gajewski
Keyword(s):  
Initial Period ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Arctic Lakes ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Pollen ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Pollen Concentrations ◽  
Somerset Island

AbstractModern pollen samples from 15 lakes along a north-south transect on western Somerset Island, NWT, Canada, show a decrease in pollen concentrations from the high arctic to the mid-arctic zone, but there are few differences in the pollen percentages between these sites. Long-distance transport accounts for up to 50% of the pollen in these lake sediments. Cores from two lakes show few changes in the percentages of important pollen types, except for an initial period, before 6000 yr B.P., of increased Salix. The pollen concentration of lake RS36 from the mid-arctic is twice that of lake RS29 from the high arctic, and at both sites the concentrations decreased during the past 6000 yr B.P. This suggests a climatic deterioration during the past 6000 yr which has caused a decrease in the abundance of plants on the landscape.

scholarly journals The modern pollen–vegetation relationship in Jammu, India: a comparative appraisal

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Md. Firoze Quamar ◽  
Pooja Tiwari ◽  
Biswajeet Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Pollination Syndrome ◽  
Fossil Pollen ◽  
Pollen Assemblage ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Modern Pollen ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
High Production ◽  
Pollen Records

An understanding of the relationship between modern pollen and vegetation is a prerequisite for reconstruction of vegetation and climate change from fossil pollen records. We conducted palynological studies of thirty-five surface soil samples from the Jammu region of India, which revealed that Pinus, among the conifers (regional needle-leaved taxa), is over-represented in the pollen assemblage due to its high production and effective dispersal of pollen. Other coniferous and broadleaved (regional and/or extra-regional) taxa have comparatively lower values in the pollen assemblages, similar to the representation of subtropical deciduous forest elements (regional), as well as shrubby (regional and/or extra-regional) taxa. This inconsistency in the pollen assemblage could be due to long-distance transport of the former by wind and/or water from the higher reaches of the Himalayas, and also because the latter have an entomogamous pollination syndrome and are not high pollen producers. The recovered pollen assemblage presents a distorted picture of the extant vegetation; hence, caution should be exercised in interpreting fossil pollen records from the study area. Principal component analysis (PCA) shows variability in the distribution of pollen from different sites in the Jammu region, perhaps the result of transport (by wind and/ or water), altitude and/or edaphic factors of the Himalayan terrain. The study should improve our understanding of the modern pollen-vegetation relationship and aid further calibration and interpretation of fossil pollen records.

The Grenville–Sveconorwegian orogen in the high Arctic

2012 ◽  
Vol 149 (5) ◽  
pp. 875-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
HENNING LORENZ ◽  
DAVID G. GEE ◽  
ALEXANDER N. LARIONOV ◽  
JAROSLAW MAJKA
Keyword(s):  
High Arctic ◽  
Detrital Zircons ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Novaya Zemlya ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Continental Shelves ◽  
Mountain Belts ◽  
Sveconorwegian Orogen

AbstractThroughout the high Arctic, from northern Canada (Pearya) to eastern Greenland, Svalbard, Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya, Taimyr and Severnaya Zemlya and, at lower Arctic latitudes, in the Urals and the Scandinavian Caledonides, there is evidence of the Grenville–Sveconorwegian Orogen. The latest orogenic phase (c. 950 Ma) is well exposed in the Arctic, but only minor Mesoproterozoic fragments of this orogen occur on land. However, detrital zircons in Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic successions provide unambiguous Mesoproterozoic to earliest Neoproterozoic (c. 950 Ma) signatures. This evidence strongly suggests that the Grenville–Sveconorwegian Orogen continues northwards from type areas in southeastern Canada and southwestern Scandinavia, via the North Atlantic margins to the high Arctic continental shelves. The widespread distribution of late Mesoproterozoic detrital zircons far to the north of the Grenville–Sveconorwegian type areas is usually explained in terms of long-distance transport (thousands of kilometres) of either sediments by river systems from source to sink, or of slices of lithosphere (terranes) moved on major transcurrent faults. Both of these interpretations involve much greater complexity than the hypothesis favoured here, the former involving recycling of the zircons from the strata of initial deposition into those of their final residence and the latter requiring a diversity of microcontinents. Neither explains either the fragmentary evidence for the presence of Grenville–Sveconorwegian terranes in the high Arctic, or the composition of the basement of the continental shelves. The presence of the Grenville–Sveconorwegian Orogen in the Arctic, mainly within the hinterland and margins of the Caledonides and Timanides, has profound implications not only for the reconstructions of the Rodinia supercontinent in early Neoproterozoic time, but also the origin of these Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic mountain belts.

scholarly journals Revealing the past through modelling? Reflections on connectivity, habitation and persistence in the Dutch Delta during the 1st millennium AD

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowin J. van Lanen
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Archaeological Models

Abstract This paper focuses on unravelling the 1st millennium AD in the present-day Netherlands and the applicability of modelling when studying the past. By presenting the results of several studies analysing changes (or persistence) in connectivity and habitation patterns, the significance of these findings for (spatial) modelling is derived. The transition between the Roman and early-medieval periods is particularly interesting in this respect as it is characterised by severe pan-European political, socio-economic and demographic changes. Additionally, recent studies in geosciences increasingly point to marked climatic and landscape changes, such as river avulsions and floods, occurring at the same time. The extent to which these environmental and cultural dynamics were entwined and mutually influential is generally unknown, especially on larger-scale levels. Lowlands, such as the Netherlands, are especially suited to study these complex interactions since boundary conditions, i.e. the set of conditions required for maintaining the existing equilibrium in a region, in such areas are particularly sensitive to change. In this paper the combined results of several recently developed landscape-archaeological models are presented. These models spatially analyse natural and cultural dynamics in five manifestations: route networks, long-distance transport, settlement patterns, palaeodemographics and land-use systems. Combined, these manifestations provide information on connectivity, persistence and habitation, key concepts for the cultural landscape as a whole. Results show that only by integrating these modelling outcomes is it possible to reconstruct boundary conditions and high-resolution spatio-temporal frameworks for cultural-landscape change. Equally, these models invite reflection on their applicability and, as such, point to the need for new theoretical framing and the development of more multi-proxy, evidence-based and transdisciplinary research approaches in archaeology. The evident interrelationship between cultural and natural-landscape dynamics necessitates a more integrated and transparent research attitude, covering multiple scales and studying the cultural landscape as a whole. Only then can models reflect historical reality as closely as possible.

scholarly journals Spatial differentiation of airborne arboreal pollen in Lublin (Poland)

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-341
Author(s):  
Krystyna Piotrowska-Weryszko ◽  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Sampling Device ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Pollen Monitoring ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Arboreal Pollen ◽  
Pollen Concentrations ◽  
Positive Correlations

The study compared the occurrence of airborne pollen of 7 arboreal taxa (<em>Corylus</em>, <em>Alnus</em>, Cupressaceae/Taxaceae, <em>Populus</em>, <em>Fraxinus</em>, <em>Betula</em> and <em>Carpinus</em>) during the period 2007–2009 from two sites in Lublin city, SE Poland. The sites differed in the character of building development and surrounding vegetation. Pollen monitoring was conducted by the volumetric method using two Hirst-type samplers. Daily and intradiurnal pollen counts were determined. For all the taxa, Spearman’s test revealed statistically significant positive correlations between daily pollen fluctuations at two sites. Nevertheless, the Mann–Whitney <em>U</em>-test showed differences for Cupressaceae/Taxaceae, <em>Fraxinus</em>, <em>Populus</em> and <em>Corylus</em> between sites. The intradiurnal pattern of pollen concentration was characterized by high variation. Cupressaceae/Taxaceae and <em>Populus</em>, clearly differed in hourly pollen concentrations at both sites. Moreover, in the case of <em>Betula</em> and <em>Alnus</em> it was shown that a part of pollen recorded in Lublin can originate from long-distance transport. High pollen concentrations can be expected at different hours of the day. The lowest average pollen concentrations at both sites were found during morning hours at 5 and 6 a.m. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that data from a single pollen-sampling device are not representative of some taxa in the particular districts of the city. Average data obtained from at least two pollen samplers could provide optimum results.

High Ambrosia pollen concentrations in Poland respecting the long distance transport (LDT)

2020 ◽  
Vol 736 ◽  
pp. 139615
Author(s):  
Danuta Stępalska ◽  
Dorota Myszkowska ◽  
Katarzyna Piotrowicz ◽  
Katarzyna Kluska ◽  
Kazimiera Chłopek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Distance ◽  
Ambrosia Pollen ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Pollen Concentrations ◽  
Distance Transport

Pollen Analysis of Prehistoric Human Feces: A New Approach to Ethnobotany

1964 ◽  
Vol 30 (2Part1) ◽  
pp. 168-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Martin ◽  
Floyd W. Sharrock
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Economic Plant ◽  
Human Feces ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
New Information ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Distance Transport ◽  
Plant Pollen

AbstractPrehistoric human and nonhuman feces from alcoves in the Glen Canyon region of southern Utah are a rich source of pollen and spores. The dominant pollen types (determined in a 200-grain pollen count) vary greatly from sample to sample, making stratigraphic and climatic interpretation very difficult. The record of economic plant pollen appears to reflect the prehistoric Pueblo diet. Cleome, Zea, Cucurbita, and Opuntia are the most abundant economic pollen types. Long-distance transport of pollen from distant montane forests will account for the presence of occasional pollen grains of spruce, fir, and alder in certain samples. The salvage and study of ancient human feces promises to reveal new information about the environment and diet of prehistoric man in the Southwest, a development of interest to both the ecologist and the ethnobotanist.

scholarly journals The phenology of flowering and fluctuations of airborne pollen concentrations of selected trees in Poznań, 2003-2004

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Stach ◽  
Magdalena Kluza-Wieloch ◽  
Alicja Zientarska
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Salix Caprea ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Pollen Concentrations ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Distance Transport

The aim of the study was to describe the relationships between the flowering phase of selected tree species, whose pollen is known to be allergenic, and fluctuations in the pollen in the air, and to use results obtained for making allergological forecasts. Studies were conducted of five tree taxa: <i>Populus</i>, <i>Ulmus</i>, <i>Salix</i>, <i>Aesculus</i>, and <i>Tilia</i>, in the years 2003-2004. Aeropalinological analyses concerned the above mentioned genera, while in phenological studies specific species were investigated, i.e. the most common representatives of a given genus found in Poland, that is <i>Populus wilsonii</i>, <i>Ulmus laevis</i> Pall. C. K.Schneid., <i>Salix caprea</i> L., <i>Aesculus hippocastanum</i> L. and <i>Tilia cordata</i> Mill. Aerobiological monitoring was performed using a the volumetric method and phenological observations of flowering phases were made according to the Łukasiewicz method. While observing the emergence of individual phenological symptoms and measurements of the concentration of pollen of the investigated taxa in the air of Poznań, a distinct acceleration was observed in 2004, a year that was characterized by a milder winter. This applied not only to the species blooming in early spring, but also to the later ones. Pollen grains of the investigated taxa, except for <i>Aesculus</i>, appeared earlier in aeropalinological observations than the macroscopically observed beginning of flowering in selected trees. Apart from a poplar, the end of flowering in the other trees occurred each year earlier than would follow from the aerobiological observations. This may be explained by the abundance of species within a taxon, and the effect of medium - and long-distance transport.

scholarly journals Tree Allergen Pollen-Related Content as Pollution Source in the City of Ourense (NW Spain)

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1129
Author(s):  
Sabela Álvarez-López ◽  
María Fernández-González ◽  
Estefanía González-Fernández ◽  
Alejandro Garrido ◽  
Fco. Javier Rodríguez-Rajo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Type I ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Pollen Concentrations

Allergies became a major public health problem, identified as an important global pandemic with a considerable impact on the worldwide economy. In addition, a higher prevalence of pollen Type I sensitization cases in urban environments in comparison with the rural territories was detected. Our survey sought to assess the main biological pollution episodes caused by the aeroallergens of the major allergenic tree species in urban environments. A Hirst-type volumetric device was used for pollen sampling and a Burkard Cyclone sampler for the detection of tree atmospheric allergens over two years. The main allergens of Alnus, Fraxinus, Betula, Platanus and Olea, were detected in the atmosphere. Three peaks of important pollen concentrations were recorded throughout the year. The developed regression equations between pollen counts and allergen proteins registered great R2 values. The number of days with probability of allergenic symptoms was higher when the pollen and allergen data were assessed altogether. Fraxinus allergens in the atmosphere were detected using Ole e 1 antibodies and the Aln g 1 allergens with Bet v 1 antibodies, demonstrating the cross-reaction processes between the principal allergenic proteins of the Oleaceae and Betulaceae families. Long Distance Transport processes (LDT) showed that pollen from Betula populations located in mountainous areas increased the secondary peaks of pollen and allergen concentrations, and air masses from extensive olive orchards of North-Eastern Portugal triggered the highest concentrations in the atmosphere of Olea pollen and Ole e 1 allergens.

The Fine Structure of Phloem Cells

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 632-635
Author(s):  
James Cronshaw
Keyword(s):  
Structural Studies ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Phloem Tissue ◽  
Sieve Elements ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
P Protein ◽  
Companion Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopical ◽  
Distance Transport

Long distance transport in plants takes place in phloem tissue which has characteristic cells, the sieve elements. At maturity these cells have sieve areas in their end walls with specialized perforations. They are associated with companion cells, parenchyma cells, and in some species, with transfer cells. The protoplast of the functioning sieve element contains a high concentration of sugar, and consequently a high hydrostatic pressure, which makes it extremely difficult to fix mature sieve elements for electron microscopical observation without the formation of surge artifacts. Despite many structural studies which have attempted to prevent surge artifacts, several features of mature sieve elements, such as the distribution of P-protein and the nature of the contents of the sieve area pores, remain controversial.

SEJARAH KONFLIK KEBANGKITAN ISLAM DI MINANGKABAU: Sebuah Tinjauan Awal Terhadap Proses Kemunculannya

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Ihsan Sanusi
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Islamic Revival ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Interactive Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Correct Understanding

This article in principle wants to examine the history of the emergence of the conflict of Islamic revival in Minangkabau starting from the Paderi Movement to the Youth in Minangkabau. Especially in the initial period, namely the Padri movement, there was a tragedy of violence (radicalism) that accompanied it. This study becomes important, because after all the reformation of Islam began to be realized by reforming human life in the world. Both in terms of thought with the effort to restore the correct understanding of religion as it should, from the side of the practice of religion, namely by reforming deviant practices and adapted to the instructions of the religious texts (al-Qur'an and sunnah), and also from the side of strengthening power religion. In this case the research will be directed to the efforts of renewal by the Padri to the Youth towards the Islamic community in Minangkabau. To discuss this problem used historical research methods. Through this method, it is tested and analyzed critically the records and relics of the past. In analyzing the data in this research basically used approach or interactive analysis model by Miles and Huberman. In this analysis model, the three components of the analysis are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing or verification, the activity is carried out in an interactive form with the process of collecting data as a process that continues, repeats, and continues to form acycle.

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