scholarly journals Methodical Approaches to Determination of the Runoff Acceptable Irretrievable Withdrawal from Underexplored and Unexplored Rivers and Small Rivers

2015 ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Surface Water Runoff

If the permissible impact of economic and other activities on a water body is exceeded, an irreversible degradation of the ecosystem may occur. Irretrievable water withdrawal is deemed significant human impact on water bodies. The establishment of a critical water limit for the ecosystem’s functioning and organisms’ reproduction is based on the water withdrawal limits’ assessment. The article suggests methodological approaches to defining acceptable irreversible withdrawal of surface water runoff for underexplored and unexplored rivers. It also includes a review of special features of water withdrawal from small rivers.

Small Water Bodies and the Incomplete Implementation of the Water Framework Directive in Germany

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Möckel
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
Small Water

Under the Water Framework Directive (WFD), the European Union obliged all member states to protect all their surface water and restore it to a good condition by 2015. For administrative reasons, they must subdivide their surface water into water bodies and define water body types. The Directive proposes minimum sizes for water bodies. Like some other member states, Germany has interpreted this to mean that small rivers, often called headwaters, and small ponds and lakes need not be identified and delineated as a water body and therefore do not fall under the protection system of the WFD. This paper analyses whether the German interpretation and implementation can be considered correct, given that small surface water elements are not unimportant. In Germany, they account for two-thirds of the overall length of rivers. Like the little twigs of a tree, small rivers have a decisive impact on the whole river basin.

scholarly journals Downscaling MODIS Surface Reflectance to Improve Water Body Extraction

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianghong Che ◽  
Min Feng ◽  
Hao Jiang ◽  
Jia Song ◽  
Bei Jia
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Surface Reflectance ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Landsat 7

Inland surface water is essential to terrestrial ecosystems and human civilization. Accurate mapping of surface water dynamic is vital for both scientific research and policy-driven applications. MODIS provides twice observation per day, making it perfect for monitoring temporal water dynamic. Although MODIS provides two bands at 250 m resolution, accurately deriving water area always depends on observations from the spectral bands with 500 m resolution, which limits its discrimination ability over small lakes and rivers. The paper presents an automated method for downscaling the 500 m MODIS surface reflectance (SR) to 250 m to improve the spatial discrimination of water body extraction. The method has been tested at Co Ngoin and Co Bangkog in Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The downscaled SR and the derived water bodies were compared to SR and water body mapped from Landsat-7 ETM+ images were acquired on the same date. Consistency metrics were calculated to measure their agreement and disagreement. The comparisons indicated that the downscaled MODIS SR showed significant improvement over the original 500 m observations when compared with Landsat-7 ETM+ SR, and both commission and omission errors were reduced in the derived 250 m water bodies.

On methodological approaches to the improvement of surface water bodies and target indicators of the natural waters’ quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
V. Zaslonovsky ◽  
◽  
N. Sharapov ◽  
M. Bosov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Surface Water Bodies ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Natural Water Bodies

The paper is devoted to the development of proposals concerning the improvement of surface water bodies and the appointment of target indicators of the natural waters’ quality. The paper considers a variety of problems of preserving, restoring and improving the quality of natural surface waters: from regional features of the formation of natural water composition, to differences in the requirements for the quality of water consumed. The object of the study is the qualitative indicators of the waters of natural water bodies, and the subject of the study is the methodological approaches to the normalization of these indicators. The purpose of the work is to identify the main shortcomings in the domestic system of rationing the quality of natural waters, and to form appropriate proposals. For this purpose, the following tasks were set and solved: to review the methodological approaches to assessing and rationing the quality of natural waters used in some foreign countries and in the Russian Federation, to identify the main causes and shortcomings; to make proposals for improving the current system of water quality rationing. The result of this work is the conclusions about the lack of impact of the strategy operating in Russia in the development of schemes of complex use and protection of water objects, standards of permissible impact on water bodies, the appointment of permissible discharge limits in terms of maintaining and improving the water quality of natural water bodies. The reasons that led to this are indicated. The necessity of taking into account, in addition to the physical and chemical composition, also hydrobiological parameters is shown. It is concluded that instead of fisheries management standards, environmental standards should serve as the basis for target indicators of water quality of natural water bodies, which determine the well-being of humans and the stable functioning of aquatic ecosystems, taking into account regional factors. Proposals were made to adjust the methodological approaches to the implementation of this strategy. According to the authors, these proposals will speed up the solution of the main objectives of the strategy – the ecological improvement of water bodies, the preservation of unique aquatic ecosystems and the environmentally safe development of territories that previously experienced relatively small anthropogenic impacts (Eastern Siberia and the Far East)

scholarly journals STUDY ON THE WATER BODY EXTRACTION USING GF-1 DATA BASED ON ADABOOST INTEGRATED LEARNING ALGORITHM

2020 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W10 ◽  
pp. 641-648
Author(s):  
J. Y. Sun ◽  
G. Z. Wang ◽  
G. J. He ◽  
D. C. Pu ◽  
W. Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Kappa Coefficient ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Integrated Learning ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Adaboost Algorithm ◽  
Classification Time ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. Surface water system is an important part of global ecosystem, and the changes in surface water may lead to disasters, such as drought, waterlog, and water-borne diseases. The rapid development of remote sensing technology has supplied better strategies for water bodies extraction and further monitoring. In this study, AdaBoost and Random Forest (RF), two typical algorithms in integrated learning, were applied to extract water bodies in Chaozhou area (mainly located in Guangzhou Province, China) based on GF-1 data, and the Decision Tree (DT) was used for comparative tests to comprehensively evaluate the performance of classification algorithms listed above for surface water body extraction. The results showed that: (1) Compared with visual interpretation, AdaBoost performed better than RF in the extraction of several typical water bodies, such as rivers, lakes and ponds Moreover, the water extraction results of the strong classifiers using AdaBoost or RF were better than the weak basic classifiers. (2) For the quantitative accuracy statistics, the overall accuracy (96.5%) and kappa coefficient (93%) using AdaBoost exceeded those using RF (5.3% and 10.6%), respectively. The classification time of AdaBoost increased by 403 seconds and 918 seconds relative to RF and DT methods. However, in terms of visual interpretation, quantitative statistical accuracy and classification time, AdaBoost algorithm was more suitable for the water body extraction. (3) For the sample proportion comparison experiment of AdaBoost, four sampling proportions (0.1%, 0.2%, 1% and 2%) were chosen and 0.1% sampling proportion reached the optimum classification accuracy (93.9%) and kappa coefficient (87.8%).

scholarly journals The landscaping of urban agglomeration park systems

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 294-306
Author(s):  
Aleksandra V. Ostyakova ◽  
Ekaterina V Pluisnina
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
City Water ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Introduction. Studying water body ecological problems and ensuring the necessary level of sanitary maintenance and landscaping of the reservoirs with the surrounding areas are relevant due to the inadequate environmental condition of a large number of urban water bodies and small rivers within settlements. Materials and methods. The review of the available normative documents and the carried-out actions on the improvement of city water objects is given. Based on the visual study of the state of the pond banks at the Karbyshev Park at the settlement of Nakhabino, Moscow region, water quality indicators, sources of pollution of the pond, the article concluded on the unsatisfactory ecological and aesthetic condition of this urban pond. The objective of this paper is to analyze the existing negative environmental factors affectig the water body and to propose an option of the site landscaping and further safe usage. Results. A description of the Karbyshev Park territory is given. Also, negative factors influencing the pollution of the pond banks, and the quality of pond water are specified. A proposal contains a list of necessary types of activities on cleaning and improving the pond bowl and surrounding territory under the condition of preservation of its ecosystem. As a result of the integrated assessment of the pond ecological state, a model of the urban water body was created, and a variant of its ecological reconstruction was proposed. Conclusions. The study is of practical importance for accounting and elimination of environmental problems of urban water bodies of the Central European Russia and proposals of measures for their improvement and reclamation.

An Innovative Non-Petroleum Rhizobium Tropici Biopolymer Salt for Soil Stabilization

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Larson ◽  
John Ballard ◽  
Christopher Griggs ◽  
J. Kent Newman ◽  
Catherine Nestler
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Rhizobium Tropici ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Surface Water Runoff

Construction site soils are a significant source of sediment, and pollutants carried by sediment, to surface water runoff. Currently, silt fences/barriers, petroleum-derived polymers, and re-vegetation are the primary tools to prevent sediment loss from construction areas. Even with these methods in place, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates that 20 to 150 tons of soil per acre is lost to storm water runoff from construction sites each year. A low-cost, environmentally friendly soil amendment that reduces erosion from construction sites would improve surface water quality. An extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) is produced naturally by the symbiotic soil bacterium Rhizobium tropici. A dry, easily transportable salt of this biopolymer, when mixed with soil at low levels (0.01 to 0.5% by mass) substantially increases the soil strength for load bearing, decreases surface erosion and suspended solids in surface water runoff. Re-vegetation is also assisted by biopolymer application, since drought resistance and seed germination rates can be increased by 30% to 40% using the biopolymer. Results of mesoscale rainfall lysimeter system demonstrations of soil amendment with biopolymer documents reduced soil erosion, reduced transport of suspended solids in surface water runoff, and increased establishment success of vegetative cover under simulated drought conditions in biopolymer amended soils.

Cleaning of the Moscow Sia “Radon” Surface Water Runoff: Problems and Solutions

1995 ◽  
Vol 412 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Barinov ◽  
A. S. Volkov ◽  
Y. V. Karlin ◽  
V. N. Kropotov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Safety Features ◽  
Surface Water Runoff

AbstractThis paper describes a three-barrier system of engineered safety features for the cleaning of the Moscow SIA “Radon” surface water runoff.

scholarly journals WATER MONITORING IN UKRAINE: METHODS FOR ASSESSING WATER QUALITY FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES IN CONNECTION WITH CHANGES IN THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK (2014-2021)

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-19
Author(s):  
V.K. Khilchevskyi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Water Monitoring ◽  
Chemical State ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
State Monitoring ◽  
Altered Surface ◽  
Surface Water Bodies

Over the past five years (2014-2021), there have been significant changes in regulatory methods for assessing water quality for various purposes, which is due to Ukraine’s course towards European integration. An important feature was the cancellation of the acts of sanitary legislation of the Ukrainian SSR and the USSR (from 01.01.2017), which were applied in Ukraine for a long time (order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of 2016). The Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Concerning the Implementation of Integrated Approaches in Water Resources Management Based on the Basin Principle” (2016) amended the Water Code of Ukraine regarding hydrographic zoning and water monitoring in accordance with the provisions of the EU Water Framework Directive. In 2018, by a resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the “Procedure for the implementation of state monitoring of waters” was approved. In 2019, the Ministry of Natural Resources of Ukraine approved the normative “Methodology for assigning a surface water array to one of the classes of the ecological and chemical states of a surface water array, as well as assigning an artificial or significantly altered surface water array to one of the classes of the ecological potential of an artificial or significantly altered surface water array” The objects of state monitoring of waters are land and ground water bodies and sea waters. Surface water body – a specially defined surface water body or part of it. The body of surface waters can be classified into one of five categories: 1) rivers; 2) lakes; 3) transitional waters; 4) coastal waters; 5) artificial or substantially altered surface water bodies. The program of state monitoring of waters provides for control over four groups of indicators: 1) biological; 2) physical and chemical; 3) chemical; 4) hydromorphological. Based on the data and information obtained as a result of the state monitoring of the waters of surface and groundwater bodies, the ecological and chemical state of the surface water bodies, the ecological potential of artificial or significantly altered surface water bodies, the quantitative and chemical state of the groundwater bodies are determined, taking into account which river basin management plans and assess the level of achievement of environmental objectives. The purpose of this study is to highlight the approaches that have developed at the present stage to the regulation of water quality for various purposes, the main of which are: environmental; hygienic (household and drinking and cultural and household or recreational water use), fishery. If, when assessing the quality of water for environmental purposes, a deviation from the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) was made, then in other areas of water use, the MPC standards remain relevant. The importance of this study also lies in the need to convey generalized information to a wide range of authors who are interested in water quality issues.

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