LIQUIDATION OF THE NUCLEAR LEGACY: RADIATIONHYGIENIC SAFETY CRITERIA FOR THE DECONTAMINATED SITES OF TERRITORIES, BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTIONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.K. Romanovich
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
Critical Group ◽  
Dose Constraint ◽  
Contamination Of Soils

The article presents approaches to the establishment of criteria (requirements) of radiation safety to the decontaminated areas of the territory, buildings and decommissioned facilities of use of atomic energy and other types of practical activities with sources of ionizing radiation. The main directions of further use of the decontaminated areas of the territory, buildings, and constructions, including 5 scenarios of restricted and unrestricted use, are determined; the criteria of radiation safety in the term of a dose constraint of a critical group of the population in 0.3 mSv/year living or working on decontaminated objects are established; the controlled parameters of the radiation situation and their levels, as well as the list of radionuclides subject to control are justified. The article presents the values of specific activity (Bq/kg) of residual radioactive contamination of soils and materials of buildings and structures, the radiation dose to the population in which will not exceed 0.3 mSv/year. Based on the presented data, draft sanitary rules and guidelines have been developed.

scholarly journals RADIATION SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF CARROT AND BEET PRODUCTS CULTIVATED IN THE BLACK EARTH ZONE OF RUSSIA IN THE OREOL OF THE EASTERN CHERNOBYL TRACE

2022 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
T. A. Paramonova ◽  
O. L. Komissarova ◽  
N. V. Kuzmenkova ◽  
L. A. Turykin ◽  
O. E. Denisova
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Permissible Level ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Contamination Of Soils ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Accumulation Coefficients

On the territory of the Plavsky radioactive hotspot of the Tula region of Russia, formed as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986, an assessment of the radiation safety of growing carrots and beets was carried out in 2019. It has been established that at present the content of 137Cs in arable leached chernozems of the surveyed lands is 90–170 kBq/m2 , which is 2.5–4.5 times higher than the permissible level of density of surface radioactive contamination of soils. However, the specific activity of the radionuclide in carrot and beetroot crops does not exceed 5 Bq/kg, which is significantly less than the maximum permissible level of 137Cs accumulation in vegetables (600 Bq/kg for absolutely dry weight). The accumulation coefficients of 137Cs in the total biomass of carrots and beets are 2.0·10−2 and 7.5·10−2, and in eaten root crops – 1.1·10−2 and 2.0·10−2, respectively, which is in good agreement with the IAEA estimate for the intensity of the transition 137Cs in the production of vegetable roots from loamy and clayey soils.

Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide on cerium dioxide-nickel oxide two-component catalysts and the effect of ionizing radiation on them

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viliam Múčka
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Nickel Oxide ◽  
Cerium Dioxide ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Composition Region ◽  
Two Component

Some physical and catalytic properties of cerium dioxide-nickel oxide two-component catalysts have been studied over the entire composition region, employing the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution as a model catalytic process. The two oxides have been found to affect each other, particularly for NiO contents of 9.1 and 96.7 mol%; the mutual influencing, the nature of which in the conditions applied remains unaffected by heat treatment of the sample or by its exposition to ionizing radiation, is manifested by the nonmonotonic dependences of the oxidation power and of the specific activity of the catalysts on their composition. This can be interpreted in terms of the concept of bivalent catalytic centres, assuming that for nickel oxide the centres consist of Ni2+-Ni3+ ion pairs, for cerium dioxide they consist of Ce3+-Ce4+ ion pairs, and that in the region of the mutual influencing , Ni2+-Ce4+ ion pairs play a major role. Within the scope of this concept, the increase in the oxidation power of all the catalysts in question and a simultaneously decrease in the specific activity of the pure nickeloxide exposed to ionizing radiation can be explained in terms of the ionization effect.

scholarly journals Effects of exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation on changing platelets: a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Liu ◽  
Yang Peng ◽  
Xinguang Zhong ◽  
Zheng Ma ◽  
Suiping He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Spline Models ◽  
Cumulative Radiation Dose

Abstract Background Numerous studies have concentrated on high-dose radiation exposed accidentally or through therapy, and few involve low-dose occupational exposure, to investigate the correlation between low-dose ionizing radiation and changing hematological parameters among medical workers. Methods Using a prospective cohort study design, we collected health examination reports and personal dose monitoring data from medical workers and used Poisson regression and restricted cubic spline models to assess the correlation between changing hematological parameters and cumulative radiation dose and determine the dose-response relationship. Results We observed that changing platelet of 1265 medical workers followed up was statistically different among the cumulative dose groups (P = 0.010). Although the linear trend tested was not statistically significant (Ptrend = 0.258), the non-linear trend tested was statistically significant (Pnon-linear = 0.007). Overall, there was a correlation between changing platelets and cumulative radiation dose (a change of βa 0.008 × 109/L during biennially after adjusting for gender, age at baseline, service at baseline, occupation, medical level, and smoking habits; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.003,0.014 × 109/L). Moreover, we also found positive first and then negative dose-response relationships between cumulative radiation dose and changing platelets by restricted cubic spline models, while there were negative patterns of the baseline service not less than 10 years (− 0.015 × 109/L, 95% CI = − 0.024, − 0.007 × 109/L) and radiation nurses(− 0.033 × 109/L, 95% CI = − 0.049, − 0.016 × 109/L). Conclusion We concluded that although the exposure dose was below the limit, medical workers exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation for a short period of time might have increased first and then decreased platelets, and there was a dose-response relationship between the cumulative radiation dose and platelets changing.

Radiation exposure during the treatment of spinal deformities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jwalant S. Mehta ◽  
Kirsten Hodgson ◽  
Lu Yiping ◽  
James Swee Beng Kho ◽  
Ravindra Thimmaiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Spinal Deformity ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Intraoperative Fluoroscopy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Surgical Group

Aims To benchmark the radiation dose to patients during the course of treatment for a spinal deformity. Methods Our radiation dose database identified 25,745 exposures of 6,017 children (under 18 years of age) and adults treated for a spinal deformity between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2016. Patients were divided into surgical (974 patients) and non-surgical (5,043 patients) cohorts. We documented the number and doses of ionizing radiation imaging events (radiographs, CT scans, or intraoperative fluoroscopy) for each patient. All the doses for plain radiographs, CT scans, and intraoperative fluoroscopy were combined into a single effective dose by a medical physicist (milliSivert (mSv)). Results There were more ionizing radiation-based imaging events and higher radiation dose exposures in the surgical group than in the non-surgical group (p < 0.001). The difference in effective dose for children between the surgical and non-surgical groups was statistically significant, the surgical group being significantly higher (p < 0.001). This led to a higher estimated risk of cancer induction for the surgical group (1:222 surgical vs 1:1,418 non-surgical). However, the dose difference for adults was not statistically different between the surgical and non-surgical groups. In all cases the effective dose received by all cohorts was significantly higher than that from exposure to natural background radiation. Conclusion The treatment of spinal deformity is radiation-heavy. The dose exposure is several times higher when surgical treatment is undertaken. Clinicians should be aware of this and review their practices in order to reduce the radiation dose where possible.

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