Risk factors for developing diastolic dysfunction in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

In the last 20 years, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, primarily as a result of the epidemic of metabolic syndrome. NAFLD is strongly associated with insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia and is currently regarded as the liver manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Mortality in NAFLD is associated with cardiovascular disease, not with liver failure. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a type of NAFLD. NASH suggest about inflammation in liver cell damage.

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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Oxford Textbook of Medicine ◽

10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.152202_update_001 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 2480-2482

Author(s):

Stephen F. Stewart ◽

Chris P. Day

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Liver Disorder ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Developed World ◽

Nonalcoholic Liver Disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder in the developed world, affecting 20 to 30% of Western adults. Nonalcoholic liver disease occurs with a range of severity from simple steatosis through nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to fatty fibrosis—and, ultimately, cirrhosis. The condition is a manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, strongly associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidaemia; dietary and genetic factors appear to determine susceptibility to the disease and its progression....

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Insulin Resistance, the Metabolic Syndrome, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2004-1024 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 1578-1582 ◽

Cited By ~ 181

Author(s):

F. Angelico ◽

M. Del Ben ◽

R. Conti ◽

S. Francioso ◽

K. Feole ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Insulin Resistant ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

Background/Aims: An association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with the insulin-resistant metabolic syndrome has been suggested. The aim of the study was to assess the association of fatty liver to different degrees of insulin resistance and secretion. Methods and Results: The study was performed in 308 alcohol- and virus-negative consecutive patients attending a metabolic clinic, who underwent a complete clinical and biochemical work-up including oral glucose tolerance test and routine liver ultrasonography. Steatosis was graded as absent/mild, moderate, and severe. In nondiabetic subjects, a progressive (P < 0.05) increase in mean homeostasis model of insulin resistance was recorded from the group without steatosis to the groups with mild/moderate and severe steatosis. Severe steatosis was associated with the clustering of the five clinical and biochemical features proposed for the clinical diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome. Subjects with the metabolic syndrome with a more pronounced insulin resistance had a higher prevalence of severe steatosis (P < 0.01) compared with those with homeostasis model of insulin resistance below the median. Conclusions: The findings stress the heterogeneous presentation of patients with the metabolic syndrome when the diagnosis is based on the broad Adult Treatment Panel III clinical criteria and demonstrate that those who are more insulin resistant have a higher prevalence of severe steatosis.

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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Diseases: The Heart of the Matter

Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology ◽

10.1155/2021/6696857 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Stefan Chiriac ◽

Carol Stanciu ◽

Irina Girleanu ◽

Camelia Cojocariu ◽

Catalin Sfarti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most frequent cause of liver disease worldwide, comprising a plethora of conditions, ranging from steatosis to end-stage liver disease. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been associated with NAFLD and CVD-related events represent the main cause of death in patients with NAFLD, surpassing liver-related mortality. This association is not surprising as NAFLD has been considered a part of the metabolic syndrome and has been related to numerous CVD risk factors, namely, insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, chronic kidney disease, and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, both NAFLD and CVD present similar pathophysiological mechanisms, such as increased visceral adiposity, altered lipid metabolism, increased oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation that could explain their association. Whether NAFLD increases the risk for CVD or these diagnostic entities represent distinct manifestations of the metabolic syndrome has not yet been clarified. This review focuses on the relation between NAFLD and the spectrum of CVD, considering the pathophysiological mechanisms, risk factors, current evidence, and future directions.

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The Role of Muscle Insulin Resistance in the Pathogenesis of Atherogenic Dyslipidemia and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Associated with the Metabolic Syndrome

Annual Review of Nutrition ◽

10.1146/annurev.nutr.012809.104726 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 273-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

François R. Jornayvaz ◽

Varman T. Samuel ◽

Gerald I. Shulman

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽

Muscle Insulin Resistance ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

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Osteocalcin Protects Against Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in a Mouse Model of Metabolic Syndrome

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.2014-1430 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 155 (12) ◽

pp. 4697-4705 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Anisha A. Gupte ◽

Omaima M. Sabek ◽

Daniel Fraga ◽

Laurie J. Minze ◽

Satoru K. Nishimoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

High Cholesterol Diet ◽

Cholesterol Diet ◽

High Cholesterol ◽

High Fat ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, particularly its more aggressive form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is associated with hepatic insulin resistance. Osteocalcin, a protein secreted by osteoblast cells in bone, has recently emerged as an important metabolic regulator with insulin-sensitizing properties. In humans, osteocalcin levels are inversely associated with liver disease. We thus hypothesized that osteocalcin may attenuate NASH and examined the effects of osteocalcin treatment in middle-aged (12-mo-old) male Ldlr−/− mice, which were fed a Western-style high-fat, high-cholesterol diet for 12 weeks to induce metabolic syndrome and NASH. Mice were treated with osteocalcin (4.5 ng/h) or vehicle for the diet duration. Osteocalcin treatment not only protected against Western-style high-fat, high-cholesterol diet-induced insulin resistance but substantially reduced multiple NASH components, including steatosis, ballooning degeneration, and fibrosis, with an overall reduction in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity scores. Further, osteocalcin robustly reduced expression of proinflammatory and profibrotic genes (Cd68, Mcp1, Spp1, and Col1a2) in liver and suppressed inflammatory gene expression in white adipose tissue. In conclusion, these results suggest osteocalcin inhibits NASH development by targeting inflammatory and fibrotic processes.

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NASH and Systemic Complications: From Basic to Clinical Research

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9121913 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1913

Author(s):

Sabine Baumgartner ◽

Ronit Shiri-Sverdlov

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Clinical Research ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Systemic Complications ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is known as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, and while most patients develop simple steatosis, up to one-third can develop nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). [...]

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Cardiovascular Risk Factors and the Metabolic Syndrome in Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circulationaha.107.739920 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 118 (3) ◽

pp. 277-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 235

Author(s):

Jeffrey B. Schwimmer ◽

Perrie E. Pardee ◽

Joel E. Lavine ◽

Aaron K. Blumkin ◽

Stephen Cook

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

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Clinical characteristics and risk factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children with obesity

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-021-02595-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Luting Peng ◽

Su Wu ◽

Nan Zhou ◽

Shanliang Zhu ◽

Qianqi Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Early Stage ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Nash Group

Abstract Background With the increasing number of children with obesity worldwide, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disease among children. It is necessary to recognize the risk factors of NAFLD for prevention in childhood since NAFLD is asymptomatic in the early stage. Objectives. The objective of this study was to investigate possible risk factors of NAFLD in children with obesity, providing evidence for monitoring and prevention strategies at an early stage for obese children with NAFLD. Methods Data were collected from 428 children and adolescents aged 6-16 years recruited from the Children’s Hospital at Nanjing Medical University from September 2015 to April 2018 and analyzed. Based on a combination of ultrasound results and alanine transaminase levels, subjects were divided into three groups: simple obesity (SOB), simple steatosis (SS), and nonalcoholic fatty hepatitis (NASH). Blood biochemical examination included glucose, insulin, uric acid, lipid profile and liver enzymes. Results Among 428 children with obesity, 235 (54.9%) had SS and 45 (10.5%) had NASH. Body mass index, body mass index standard deviation score (BMI-SDS), waist circumference, body fat, liver enzymes, uric acid and HOMA-IR level were significantly higher in the NASH group than in the SS and SOB groups (p < 0.001). 53.3% of the SS group and 49.8% of the NASH group had metabolic syndrome, significantly more than in the SOB group (19.6%, p < 0.001). After adjustment for confounding factors, logistic regression models revealed that NASH was associated with BMI-SDS ≥ 3, gender, hyperuricemia and insulin resistance. Conclusions The prevalence of NASH in children with obesity is closely related to high BMI-SDS, gender, insulin resistance and hyperuricemia. These findings provide evidence that monitoring risk factors of childhood obesity can assist in developing prevention strategies for liver disease at an early stage.

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