Beijing Rides the Bandwagon

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-88
Author(s):  
Ross Cuthbert
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Al Qaeda ◽  
International Support ◽  
Religious Considerations ◽  
Uygur Population

This paper offers a critical assessment of the Chinese Communist Party’s post-9/11 efforts to build international support for its security activities in its Xinjiang province. Xinjiang has traditionally presented the party with a particular challenge. It is remote and relatively underdeveloped, has borders with seven countries, and, most importantly, is inhabited by a large, concentrated, and restive Islamic minority known as the Uygurs. The party is very concerned about the presence of separatist elements among the Uygur population. Beijing’s activities to control such elements have traditionally been quite secretive. However, after 9/11, a Beijing-released report claimed that Xinjiang’s separatist activity is Islamist in nature and that groups operating within the region have ties to al-Qaeda and the Taliban. I argue that inconsistencies surrounding this report tend to undermine the party’s position. Furthermore, given the nature of Islamic practice in Xinjiang and the historical development of Uygur-Han relations in the region, it is more likely that the primary motivations for separatism are rooted in ethno-nationalist, rather than religious, considerations.

Beijing Rides the Bandwagon

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-88
Author(s):  
Ross Cuthbert
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Al Qaeda ◽  
International Support ◽  
Religious Considerations ◽  
Uygur Population

This paper offers a critical assessment of the Chinese Communist Party’s post-9/11 efforts to build international support for its security activities in its Xinjiang province. Xinjiang has traditionally presented the party with a particular challenge. It is remote and relatively underdeveloped, has borders with seven countries, and, most importantly, is inhabited by a large, concentrated, and restive Islamic minority known as the Uygurs. The party is very concerned about the presence of separatist elements among the Uygur population. Beijing’s activities to control such elements have traditionally been quite secretive. However, after 9/11, a Beijing-released report claimed that Xinjiang’s separatist activity is Islamist in nature and that groups operating within the region have ties to al-Qaeda and the Taliban. I argue that inconsistencies surrounding this report tend to undermine the party’s position. Furthermore, given the nature of Islamic practice in Xinjiang and the historical development of Uygur-Han relations in the region, it is more likely that the primary motivations for separatism are rooted in ethno-nationalist, rather than religious, considerations.

Joseph Wright’s sources in the English Dialect Dictionary: evidence of spoken English from EDD Online

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Manfred Markus
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Spoken English ◽  
Regional Dialects ◽  
Temporal Frame ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Subsequent Section ◽  
English Dialect

Abstract Linguists of historical English, of traditional dialects and present-day varieties of English, generally rely on written texts, now often available in the form of corpora. However, the historical development of English, including its regional dialects, was naturally rooted in the spoken vernacular, rather than the literary standard. This paper, based on EDD Online (3.0), therefore, argues that the wealth of sources as used by Wright in his comprehensive English Dialect Dictionary (EDD) should no longer be disregarded, given that no better information is available. After a critical assessment of the widespread scepticism towards the EDD sources and of the different motivation of scholars not primarily concerned with traditional dialects (such as OED lexicographers), the paper first provides a survey of the different types of sources used by the EDD and presented in different lists and tables in EDD Online, and then focuses on the unpublished sources. The subsequent section shows that part of the problem of spoken sources results from the unjustified insistence of many scholars on phonetics to be the level of linguistic interest. In answer to the OED’s scepticism towards Wright’s sources as expressed in a paper by Durkin (2010a), the final section provides an analysis of Northamptonshire dialect words as a test case, with various linguistic issues beyond the OED’s focus on the temporal frame of reference.

FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF TAX POLICY: RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
R. F. BORISOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Tax System

The tax system of individual states has passed a long way of historical development. The forms and types of taxes, regulatory and controlling structures, relations between tax subjects, etc. changed. The article systematizes the main stages of the development of the tax system in Russia, gives a critical assessment of individual stages, identifies problems and shortcomings.

The Influence of Religion on the History of the New World

1958 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-506
Author(s):  
John L. Phelan
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
New World ◽  
Central Thesis ◽  
Religious Dimension ◽  
History Of ◽  
Religious Factors ◽  
Religious Considerations

I have given a careful and interested reading to the draft of the chapter on the influence of religion on the history of the New World for the PAIGH project. As it now stands, the draft ought to be discarded and redrafted in its entirety. This essay lacks a conceptual framework which would provide some unity of organization to the considerable amount of illustrative data that such a chapter must of necessity include. What first must be selected are those spheres in which religion has played a major role in the history of the Americas and then to compare and to contrast the various roles that these religious factors have played in the development of Spanish, Portuguese, French, English, and Dutch America. This type of organizational and conceptual framework will give a religious dimension to the central thesis of the whole project, i. e., that the Americas do have a common history, without distorting the often dissimilar impact that religious considerations have had on the historical development of the New World.

EXPERIENCE IN CALCULATING THE CONSUMER PRICE INDEX IN FRANCE: STATISTICS AND POLICY

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (201) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
M.A. Kozlova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Two Factors

The article investigates the experience of forming the methodology for calculating the consumer price index (CPI) in France from the 1910s to the present. The peculiarities of the index functioning in France are determined by two factors: following the general trends in the development of the indicator methodology and the critical assessment by society of its role. In the first situation, the generalization of historical development is relevant in the light of the accumulation of experience in the formation of sample populations of settlements, points of sale and goods and services, that is necessary to improve the methodology of CPI calculation in other countries. The second situation of discussing the index functioning as an object of political manipulation in France is of scientific interest in order to study the significance of the indicator for society and transfer this experience to the socio-economic systems of other countries. The generalization of materials on data collection and computing techniques was carried out on the basis of dividing the CPI calculation into stages proposed by Rosstat and considered as standard within the framework of the international standard. The political context of the CPI development in France is presented in a separate part of the article on the basis of combining with methodology data for calculating the indicator.

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