Prevalence and Risk Factors of Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Infection among Han and Uygur Populations in Xinjiang, China

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), which is endangering human health worldwide, especially in Africa, Europe, the United States, and parts of Asia. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of KSHV in Xinjiang. Three KSHV recombinant proteins (ORF65, ORF73, and K8.1) were used to detect KSHV infection. The serum samples to be tested were detected by an indirect ELISA method. The overall infection rate of KSHV in Xinjiang was 25.60%, with a higher infection rate in the Uygur population of 29.79%. After adjusting for possible confounders, Uygur (OR = 3.95, 95% CI 2.64–6.12, P < 0.001 ), agriculture and livestock (OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.20–2.17, P = 0.002), age ≤ 50 years (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.13–2.00, P = 0.006), and predominantly meat-based diet (OR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.11–2.78, P = 0.018) were significantly associated with the odds of KSHV seropositivity correlation. Three unique sequences of KSHV were obtained in this study; genotypic analysis showed that the three unique sequences were all subtype A2.

Association between cytochrome P450 2C19 polymorphism and clinical outcomes in clopidogrel-treated Uygur population with acute coronary syndrome: a retrospective study

Background Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has become a vital disease with high mortality in the Uygur populations. Clopidogrel plays an important role in reducing the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events after ACS; however, it is a prodrug that requires biotransformation by cytochrome P450 (CYP450). Objectives To determine the effect of genetic polymorphisms in CYP2C19*2, *3, and *17, and along with clinical, demographic factors, on variation in response to clinical outcomes in Uygur patients. Methods A total of 351 patients with ACS were treated with clopidogrel and aspirin for at least 12 months; we recorded major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) or bleeding within 1 year. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with MACE or bleeding. Results We analyze risk factors include age, BMI (body mass index), smoking, alcohol intake, NSTEMI (non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction), hypertension, dyslipidemia, concomitant medication, CYP2C19*2 carriers, CYP2C19*17 carriers and metabolizer phenotype. CYP2C19*2 carriers had an odds of having MACE of 2.51 (95% CI: 1.534–4.09) compared with noncarriers (P < .001). However, no factors were significantly associated with bleeding (P > 0.05). Conclusion The CYP2C19*2 gene polymorphism contributes to the risk of MACE in dual clopidogrel—treated Uygur population with ACS with or without PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention). These data may provide valuable insights into the genetic polymorphisms affecting clopidogrel metabolism among minority groups in China.

FBXW7 gene polymorphism is associated with type 2 diabetes in the Uygur population in Xinjiang, China

Background FBXW7 gene expression is positively correlated with glycolipid metabolism and is associated with diabetes in animal models. In the current study, we focused on exploring whether genetic variants of the FBXW7 gene were associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and the risk factors for T2DM in Uygur people in Xinjiang, China. Methods A total of 2164 Chinese Uygur subjects (673 T2DM patients and 1491 controls) were recruited for our case–control study, and four SNPs (rs10033601, rs2255137, rs2292743 and rs35311955) of the FBXW7 gene were genotyped using the improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) technique. Results Our study showed that the genotypes using the overdominant model (GA vs AA + GG) of rs10033601 and using the overdominant model (TA vs TT + AA) of rs2292743 were significantly different between T2DM patients and the controls (P = 0.005 and P = 0.012, respectively). After multivariate adjustments for confounders, the rs10033601 and rs2292743 SNPs were still independent risk factors for T2DM [GA vs AA + GG: odds ratio = 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12–1.64, P = 0.002; TA vs TT + AA: OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.06–1.55, P = 0.011]. Participants within the Chinese Uygur populations and who with the GA genotype of rs10033601 and the TA genotype of rs2292743 were associated with significantly elevated glucose levels. Conclusions Our study revealed that both rs10033601 and rs2292743 of the FBXW7 gene were associated with T2DM in the Uygur populations in Xinjiang.

Association between CCN1 gene polymorphism and acute coronary syndrome in Chinese Han and Uygur populations

Background CCN1 plays a crucial role in the modulation of cardiovascular diseases. However, whether CCN1 genetic variants are involved in the susceptibility of ACS remains unknown. Hence, the present study investigates the association between CCN1 polymorphisms and ACS among Han and Uygur populations in Xinjiang, China. Results In this case-control study, 1234 Han (547 ACS patients and 687 controls) and 932 Uygur (471 ACS patients and 461 controls) were genotyped using SNPscanTM for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, rs6576776, rs954353, and rs3753794) of the human CCN1 gene. In the Uygur population, we found that the detected frequencies of the C allele (25.3% vs. 18.3%, P<0.001) and CC genotype (6.4% vs. 3.0%, P=0.001) of rs6576776 were significantly higher in the ACS patients than in the control participants. Differences in rs6576776 regarding the dominant model (CC+CG vs. GG, 44.2% vs. 55.8%, P=0.001) and the recessive model (CC vs. CG+GG, 6.4% vs. 93.6%, P=0.016) were observed between the two groups. The frequencies of the GGC and AGC haplotypes in those with ACS were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05) in the Uygur population. After adjusting for hypertension, diabetes, lipids and smoking, all of which indicate that the rs6576776 C allele is associated with higher risk of ACS (odds ratio (OR)=1.798, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.218-2.656, P=0.003). In Han population, neither the distribution of genotypes and alleles of the CCN1 gene three SNPs nor the distribution of haplotypes constructed with the three SNPs exhibited a significant difference between the ACS patients and control participants. Conclusions Our study document that the CCN1 gene rs6576776 C allele is associated with higher susceptibility of ACS and that the frequencies of GGC and AGC haplotypes are higher among the Uygur ACS patients.

Correlation between Occupational Stress and Coronary Heart Disease in Northwestern China: A Case Study of Xinjiang

Objective. To study the correlation between occupational stress and coronary heart disease in western China. Method. A case-control design was used. From June 2016 to May 2017, 310 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) confirmed by coronary angiography (CAG) at the Heart Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were recruited by cluster sampling, along with 536 healthy controls. The questionnaire was developed based on a Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). An epidemiological survey was conducted to collect clinical data. Chi-squared test, analysis of variance, and binary logistic regression analysis were adopted. Results. (1) In the Han population, there were statistically significant differences in the composition of smoking, diets, sleep duration, sleep quality, and physical activity between two groups (all P < 0.05 ). In the Uygur population, statistically significant differences in the composition of smoking, drinking, diets, sleep quality, and physical activity were found between two groups (all P < 0.05 ). (2) Differences in sleep duration and physical activity between the Han and Uygur case groups were statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). (3) Differences in Gensini scores between the Han and Uygur case groups were statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). Differences in coronary artery lesions between the Han and Uygur case groups were statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). (4) In the Uygur population, the difference between the occupational stress level and CHD were statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). (5) The differences between the number of different pathological changes and the level of occupational stress in the Han and Uygur case groups were not statistically significant ( P > 0.05 ). In the Han and Uygur case groups, the difference between the occupational stress level and Gensini high-level group were statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). (6) After adjustment for age and sex, significant increased risk effects for Han patients with CHD were found to be associated with sleep quality ( OR = 1.88 ; 95% CI: 1.047-1.782; P < 0.05 ). Uygur patients with CHD was significantly associated with smoking ( OR = 3.094 ; 95% CI: 1.025-1.103; P < 0.05 ) and occupation stress ( OR = 1.523 ; 95% CI: 1.757-3.062; P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Occupational stress is correlated with CHD for the Uygur population.

Genetic polymorphism of IDOL gene was associated with the susceptibility of coronary artery disease in Han population in Xinjiang, China

Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. In this study, we aimed to explore whether some genetic variants of the human IDOL gene were associated with CAD among Chinese population in Xinjiang. Methods We designed two independent case–control studies. The first one included in the Han population (448 CAD patients and 343 controls), and the second one is the Uygur population (304 CAD patients and 318 controls). We genotyped three SNPs (rs2072783, rs2205796, and rs909562) of the IDOL gene. Results Our results revealed that, in the Han female subjects, for rs2205796, the distribution of alleles, dominant model (TT vs. GG + GT) and the additive model (GG + TT vs. GT) showed significant differences between CAD patients and the control subjects (P = 0.048, P = 0.014, and P = 0.032, respectively). Conclusions The rs2205796 polymorphism of the IDOL gene is associated with CAD in the Chinese Han female population in Xinjiang, China.

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Causes of Visual Impairment in an Elderly Chinese Uygur Population in Southern Xinjiang

Purpose. To investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and major causes of visual impairment (VI) in an elderly Chinese Uygur population in southern Xinjiang. Methods. This was a population-based cross-sectional study. Participants aged 50 years and older from Haohan Country, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, were enrolled from August 2018 to December 2018 using cluster sampling. Participants underwent examinations including presenting visual acuity (PVA), pinhole vision, slit-lamp, intraocular pressure, and direct ophthalmoscopy. Participants’ education and demographic information was collected by a questionnaire. The prevalence, risk factors, and major causes of vision loss were evaluated. Results. A total of 1465 participants (85.4% response rate) were enrolled. The mean age of the subjects was 59.1 ± 9.7 years. The prevalence of mild VI, moderate VI, severe VI, and blindness in the better eye was 13.3%, 12.8%, 2.9%, and 3.4%, respectively. The prevalence of low vision and blindness in this study was higher than that in Altay & Tacheng and Changji in northern Xinjiang, lower than that in Luxi, and similar to that in Tibet. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age, education level, and body mass index (BMI) were significantly associated with low vision and blindness ( P ≤ 0.001 , < 0.05 , 0.002 , respectively). The major causes of low vision were cataract (42.6%), refractive error (19.6%), and glaucoma (12.6%), whereas the primary causes of blindness were cataract (34%), glaucoma (34%), and retinitis pigmentosa (10%). Conclusions. VI is an important public health issue among elderly Uygur individuals in the area, especially for those with low education levels. Cataract is the leading cause of low vision and blindness.

AB1136 THE DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF SERUM KL-6 IN CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE ASSOCIATED INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE IN THE UYGUR POPULATION OF CHINA.

Background:Connective tissue diseases are a group of inflammatory, immune mediated disorders.Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.Currently,, scientists are still looking for serum markers to diagnose interstitial lung disease.Althought serum KL-6 level has been studied in ILD of various aetiologies and revealed to be an important serum marker for ILD,but differences in KL-6 expression related to ethnic and/or genetic variants may exist.Objectives:To evaluate the diagnosis of the serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) for CTD-ILD in the Uygur population of China.Methods:117 Patients with CTD-ILD (CTD-ILD group) and 182 patients with CTD (CTD group) who visited the department of rheumatology and immunology of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region between January, 2015 and December, 2019 were included. Serum KL-6 levels were measured by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay kit.Results:The significantly higher levels of KL-6 were determined in the RA-ILD group than RA group [569(287.5,984)U/ml vs 194(152,266.5)U/ml](P<0.001)(figure 1).The optimal cutoff value of serum KL-6 for diagnosis of RA-ILD was 345.5 U/ml, and the sensitivity and specificity were71.8% and 90.1 %, respectively. Area Under the Curve (AUC) was 0.875.(figure 2)Figure 1.Comparison of serum KL-6 concentrations in CTD-ILD group and CTD group.Fig 2.Receiver-operating characteristic curve(ROC) of KL-6 for the diagnosis of CTD-ILDConclusion:The serum KL-6 is a important biomarker for the diagnosis of CTD-ILD and Serum KL-6 could be a clinically useful biomarker in screening CTD-ILD in the Uygur population of China.References:[1]Woodhead F, Wells A U, Desai S R. Pulmonary Complications of Connective Tissue Diseases[J]. Clinics in Chest Medicine, 2008, 29(29):149–164.Tanaka S, Hattori N, Ishikawa N, et al. Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) is a progn -ostic biomarker in patients with surgically resected nonsmall cell lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2012; 130:377–87.[2]Ogz E O, Kucuksahin O, Turgay M, et al. Association of serum KL-6 levels with interstitial lung disease in patients with connective tissue disease: a cross-sectional study. Clinical Rheumatology, 2016, 35(3):663-666.Disclosure of Interests:None declared