Joseph Wright’s sources in the English Dialect Dictionary: evidence of spoken English from EDD Online

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Manfred Markus
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Spoken English ◽  
Regional Dialects ◽  
Temporal Frame ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Subsequent Section ◽  
English Dialect

Abstract Linguists of historical English, of traditional dialects and present-day varieties of English, generally rely on written texts, now often available in the form of corpora. However, the historical development of English, including its regional dialects, was naturally rooted in the spoken vernacular, rather than the literary standard. This paper, based on EDD Online (3.0), therefore, argues that the wealth of sources as used by Wright in his comprehensive English Dialect Dictionary (EDD) should no longer be disregarded, given that no better information is available. After a critical assessment of the widespread scepticism towards the EDD sources and of the different motivation of scholars not primarily concerned with traditional dialects (such as OED lexicographers), the paper first provides a survey of the different types of sources used by the EDD and presented in different lists and tables in EDD Online, and then focuses on the unpublished sources. The subsequent section shows that part of the problem of spoken sources results from the unjustified insistence of many scholars on phonetics to be the level of linguistic interest. In answer to the OED’s scepticism towards Wright’s sources as expressed in a paper by Durkin (2010a), the final section provides an analysis of Northamptonshire dialect words as a test case, with various linguistic issues beyond the OED’s focus on the temporal frame of reference.

Udziały jednostek samorządu terytorialnego w podatkach państwowych

Studia BAS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (65) ◽  
pp. 147-169
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wójtowicz
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Federalism ◽  
Final Section ◽  
National Income ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Local Revenue ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fiscal Efficiency ◽  
Tax Sharing ◽  
Basic Features

The aim of this paper is to explore the rationale for the reform of the shares of local government units (LGUs) in national income taxes in Poland as well as to evaluate the selected proposals for changes in this area. The paper begins by outlining the definition and the basic features of tax sharing in the context of fiscal federalism. The next section provides an overview of the tax shares operating in some OECD countries. The main part of the article focuses on the key principles of the tax sharing system in Poland. The author briefly examines the fiscal efficiency of this source of local revenue in different types of Polish LGUs and the most significant dysfunctions of Polish local tax shares. The final section investigates the most important proposals for the reform of tax sharing and discusses their advantages and disadvantages.

Convergence in the procedural branches of law: prospects for judicial law and the criminal process

2021 ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Aliya R. Sharipova
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Natural Consequence ◽  
Criminal Process ◽  
Different Types

Differentiation of justice into several sectors, depending on the material and legal features of resolved cases, once became a natural consequence of the historical development of the legal system. However, an analysis of the procedural rules and institutions attributed by the legislator to different procedural branches gives reason to assert that there are much more similarities between different types of judicial activity than is commonly believed, differences do not always have objective grounds, and intersectoral procedural convergence once again updates the idea of judicial law, supported by the author.

scholarly journals 23 Science and the International Regulation of Marine Pollution

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk Elizabeth A
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
International Regulation ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Different Sources

This chapter considers the approaches taken by international regimes to address marine pollution. It identifies similarities and differences in approaches across time and different sources of pollution, the degree to which they follow an adaptive management approach, and the role of science in decision-making. It begins with an overview of the historical development of the law. It then discusses the current regime, covering general obligations and certain source-specific obligations. The final section contains conclusions and a discussion of current and future issues.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-59
Author(s):  
Monika Fludernik
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Theoretical Overview

The Introduction offers a theoretical overview of the topic of imprisonment and supplies an initial conspectus of major models of carceral space. It discusses the study’s relationship to Foucault’s seminal Discipline and Punish, elucidating key aspects of this paradigm and explaining how the book extends but also modifies Foucault’s work. The Introduction also provides an explanation of basic terminology in recent metaphor theory, distinguishing between different types of metaphor that will become relevant in the bulk of the study. Another section concentrates on literary topoi and the terminology used in the study of tropes and topoi. The final section delineates the concept of the carceral imaginary and underlines its connection to the politics of punishment as well as issues of ethics and aesthetics.

What should we teach about the spoken language?

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Language Awareness ◽  
Spoken English ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Oral Component

Abstract This paper sets out to address the problem of just what, from the vast amount of research now available into the spoken language, can and ought to form part of the oral component of a second or foreign language course. Exemplification is principally based on spoken English from the British Isles, but reference is made, where appropriate, to other modern languages. Structural, interactive, generic and contextual constraints are discussed in terms of their implications for teaching, and a core set of features are highlighted. Some results of discourse analysis and conversation analysis are argued as better treated within the domain of cross-cultural studies, and other features of spoken language usually considered within the domain of discourse analysis are proposed for inclusion within the lexico-grammatical areas of the syllabus. Methodological implications are discussed in the final section, where it is argued that traditional ‘presentational’ approaches to language teaching need to be rethought and supplemented by more inductive- and language awareness based activities.

1 Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smith Marcus ◽  
Leslie Nico
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Different Types ◽  
English Law ◽  
The Law

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book, describing the law of assignment and intangible property. The law of assignment is concerned with intangible property. Traditionally, English law has tended to use the label choses (or things) in action to describe this species of property, and this term is still widely used. As a result, in order to understand the historical development of the law of assignment, it is at times necessary to make use of the term ‘chose in action’. Intangible property is classified into six different types: rights or causes of action; debts; rights under a contract; securities; intellectual property; and leases. It comprises both legal and equitable property. The distinction between law and equity looms large in assignment, and is one of the reasons for the subject's complexity.

Exclusion, Invasion and Abuse: Competition Law and its Constitutional Context

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 183-224
Author(s):  
Daniel Francis
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Antitrust Law ◽  
The Third ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Political Response ◽  
Broad Type ◽  
Orthodox View

Abstract The orthodox view of antitrust, or competition, law is that it should be interpreted and enforced purely to maximise economic efficiency. This chapter argues that it is by no means so clear that the maximization of efficiency should be the sole aim of competition law, either as a matter of common-law tradition or as a matter of ‘original’ legislative intent. Moreover, such a narrow approach neglects the important social and political components and consequences of antitrust policy and adjudication. This chapter further argues that antitrust law exhibits a striking resemblance, in many ways, to constitutional law, in particular to the extent that it constitutes a social and political response, administered by courts, to three particularly problematic applications of power—the ‘exclusion, invasion and abuse’ of the title. The first section of the chapter introduces these themes. In the second section, the exclusion-invasion-abuse model is described and the implications of each broad type of rule are explored. In the third section, the historical development of modern antitrust law is traced in order to show that the ‘pure efficiency’ standard lacks any credible historical claim to particular authority or authenticity. The fourth and final section, a brief survey of competing normative accounts of antitrust law offers in order to demonstrate the extent to which a myopic focus on efficiency can occlude the underlying policy consequences of antitrust law and policy-making.

Exclusion, Invasion and Abuse: Competition Law and its Constitutional Context

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 183-224
Author(s):  
Daniel Francis
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Antitrust Law ◽  
The Third ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Political Response ◽  
Broad Type ◽  
Orthodox View

AbstractThe orthodox view of antitrust, or competition, law is that it should be interpreted and enforced purely to maximise economic efficiency. This chapter argues that it is by no means so clear that the maximization of efficiency should be the sole aim of competition law, either as a matter of common-law tradition or as a matter of ‘original’ legislative intent. Moreover, such a narrow approach neglects the important social and political components and consequences of antitrust policy and adjudication. This chapter further argues that antitrust law exhibits a striking resemblance, in many ways, to constitutional law, in particular to the extent that it constitutes a social and political response, administered by courts, to three particularly problematic applications of power—the ‘exclusion, invasion and abuse’ of the title. The first section of the chapter introduces these themes. In the second section, the exclusion-invasion-abuse model is described and the implications of each broad type of rule are explored. In the third section, the historical development of modern antitrust law is traced in order to show that the ‘pure efficiency’ standard lacks any credible historical claim to particular authority or authenticity. The fourth and final section, a brief survey of competing normative accounts of antitrust law offers in order to demonstrate the extent to which a myopic focus on efficiency can occlude the underlying policy consequences of antitrust law and policy-making.

The Oxford Handbook of Catholic Theology

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Initial Section ◽  
Second Vatican Council ◽  
Catholic Theology ◽  
Moral Teaching ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
Triune God ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Theological Thinking

This book provides a one-volume introduction to Catholic theology. Part I includes chapters on the major themes of Catholic theology. Topics covered include the nature of theological thinking, the Triune God, the Creation, and the mission of the Incarnate Word. Part I also covers the character of the Christian sacramental life and the major themes of Catholic moral teaching. The treatments in this first part of the book offer personal syntheses and perspectives, but each chapter is intended to be in accord with Catholic theology as it is expressed in the Second Vatican Council and the magisterial tradition. Part II focuses on the historical development of modern Catholic theology. An initial section offers chapters on some of Catholic theology’s most important sources between AD200 and 1870, and the final section of the book considers all the main movements and developments in Catholic theology since 1870.The writers include some of the best-known names in current Catholic theology from the Americas, Europe, Asia, and Africa, and all of the most vibrant schools in current Catholic theology are represented. The book should be of help to students of Catholic theology at all levels.

Growing a numeral system

Diachronica ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patience Epps
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Unusual Feature ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
The World

Numerals in many languages around the world can be argued to reflect a progressive build-up of historical stages (cf. Hurford 1987), each of which may also represent the synchronic upper limit of a numeral system in another language. This paper presents an intriguing test case of this claim by exploring the historical development of numerals in the languages of the Nadahup (Makú) family of the northwest Amazonian Vaupés region, in which the numeral strategies that can be inferred diachronically for one language are also represented synchronically in its sisters. The paper also demonstrates that even the most basic of the Nadahup numerals have transparent etymologies (a cross-linguistically unusual feature suggestive of their relatively recent development), and that areal diffusion contributed to the expansion of the systems, supporting the characterization of the Vaupés as a linguistic area.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document